Early Photographers of Newcastle, NSW
 
Site created 27 June 2004/last updated 9 June 2008
© Marcel Safier 2004-2008
Index of Photographers and Studios listed on this site:

Jacob D. Audet
Berlin Studios

Barcroft Capel Boake

Eric Breedon 
Pierce Mott Cazneau 
Warren Cazneau 
Cazneau Brothers 
Harry Charleston
Elite Studios
Oliver Cyril Godfrey
George Barron Goodman

Frank Luckman

James W. Newland
Arthur & Frederick John Nightingale

Carl W. Poppelbaum

William Joseph Slade
Alexander Smithers

Ralph Snowball

Sydney Photographic Co

Alfred Symmons

Alfred Williams
Granville A. Wood

George C. Woolston

 

 
 

A History of Photography in Newcastle

The first photographer to visit Newcastle was George Barron Goodman, a daguerreotypist who set up temporary premises in Farquarson's Hotel in September 1846. Another daguerreotypist, James W. Newland visited Newcastle (and Maitland) in July 1848. Other photographers no doubt visited the town in subsequent years but it took some time before an established studio was set up. By comparison West Maitland was well served by photographers particularly during the 1860s.

Some twenty years after Goodman Alex Smithers opened a carte de visite studio in 1867, and he operated out of several addresses over a five year period. The following year Jacob Audet moved his studio from Maitland to Newcastle and for some years he and Smithers had a near monopoly. A short lived studio was opened in 1870 by the Cazneau brother, otherwise the only opposition came from visiting travelling photographers. By the late 1870s more studios began to appear with Carl Liebinger opening in 1879 and the Arthur and John Nightingale the following year although the Nightingales closed within two years and Arthur eventually opened a studio in Cooktown, North Queensland. Alfred Williams opened a studio in 1883 that was taken over the following year by William Slade, formerly in partnership in Sydney with Henry King. Four new studios opened in 1884, one of these was probably in Liebinger's old premises following his move to Sydney. Alfred Symmons, George Woolston and Ralph Snowball all opened their first studios, whilst Barcroft Boake, a well established Sydney photographer opened a branch facility in Newcastle and

Olive Godfrey set up a long running studio in 1889 followed in 1892 by Harry Charleston and they pretty well dominated the scene in Newcastle until the 20th century save for the Berlin Studio that was not very prolific. From that studio address Frank Luckham operated from just after the turn of the century. Three more photographers set up studios in 1904
 


EARLY PHOTOGRAPHERS/STUDIOS
STUDIO/PHOTOGRAPHERS NAME ADDRESS OF OPERATION DATES ACTIVE NOTES incl. types of photographs produced
George Barron Goodman
(-1851)
Farquarson's Hotel Sep 1846 Goodman, Australia's first professional photographer advertised he had been engaged to photograph some buildings and would visit Newcastle from 15th-22nd September to take "likenesses" (SMH 20 Sep 1846).
daguerreotypes
James W. Newland   Jul 1848 daguerreotypes
Alex Smithers
(-1899)
Hume St, Newcastle
Scott St, Newcastle
Hunter St, Newcastle
1866
1867-1870
1871
cartes de visite
Great Northern Photographic & Fine Arts Gallery
(Jacob D. Audet ?-1901)
Hunter St 1867-1874 Audet was a Polish immigrant who started as a photographer around 1857 and is found announcing a visit to Muswellbrook in July. He set up a studio in Maitland in 1861. He filed for insolvency the following year. He again opened in Maitland where he traded up to 1867 before selling to his brother in law Morris Moss. Audet set up a studio in Newcastle where he advertised from 1867 but he is only listed in directories in Newcastle in 1869. Three of his children were born there in 1868, 1870 and 1873. He again filed for insolvency 8 Oct 1874 in Newcastle. Audet was in Sydney the following year for the birth of a son but it was not until 1879 that he appears in directories with a studio but yet again he filed for insolvency on 2 Apr 1879 giving his addresses as 328 and 621 George St.
cartes de visite
Cazneau Brothers
(Pierce Mott Cazneau & Warren Cazneau)
Hunter St 1870-1871 Pierce Mott Cazneau started in Freeman Studios in Sydney until opening a studio with his brother in Newcastle. He then spent a 10 year stint in New Zealand, finally returning first to manage the London Photographic Co in Sydney then he moved to South Australia where he worked initially for Townsend Duryea and afterwards became manager of Hammer & Co. His son Harold Cazneaux who began his career in the Hammer studios became one of Australia's most celebrated photographers.
A. Clack
(Amos Clack bap.1849-d. 1913)
  1870s or 1880s Born c.1849 in Burwell, Cambridge, son of John Clack and Mary Crack. Arrived in Sydney with his family aboard the Edward Oliver in 1856. Known from photographs, although exact dates of operation uncertain. Was resident in Newcastle from at least 1872 based on birth records for his children and he died in Lambton.
cartes de visite, cabinet photos
Carl Leibinger
(c.1845-1928)
Hunter St, Newcastle 1879-1884 Initially appeared as a travelling photographer in Queanbeyan in 1868. Liebinger was a prize medallist at the Sydney Exhibition in 1879 and in that year began working in Newcastle where he remained for 5 years before moving to Sydney where he ran studios in George St, then Bathurst St and then in Newtown. His brother Louis had a studio in Wallsend.
cartes de visite
City Photographic Co
(W. Francis Roberts)
40 Hunter St, Newcastle 1879
A. & F. Nightingale
(Arthur and Frederick John Nightingale)
Hunter St 1880-1882 (Frederick) John filed for insolvency 23 Feb 1882 and his brother Arthur later set up in Cooktown, Queensland.
Alfred Williams Bull St 1883-1884 cartes de visite
Ralph Snowball
(1849-1925)
Clarence Rd, Newcastle
Hunter St, Newcastle
Clarence Rd, Newcastle
1884-1887
1887-1915

1915-1924
The Ralph Snowball collection of photos is in the Newcastle Regional Library
A. Symmons
(Alfred Symmons d. 1922)
85 Hunter St 1884-97 cartes de visite, cabinet photos
G. Woolston & Co
(George Charles Woolston d.1937)
163 Hunter St, Newcastle
Newcastle
Morgan St, Newcastle
1884-1897
1900-1902

1912-1914
Woolston was still listed as a photographer in the 1936 electoral roll living in Lambton Rd, New Lambton.
cartes de visite, cabinet photos
Barcroft Capel Boake Hunter St, Newcastle 1884-1887 cartes de visite, cabinet photos
William Joseph Slade Hunter St, Newcastle 1884-1889 Previously in partnership with Henry King in Sydney from 1878..
Wood
(Granville A. Wood ?-1915)
Hunter St, Newcastle >1885-1890 Previously operated studios in George St, Sydney until at least 1885, Studio taken over in 1890 by Carl Poppelbaum. Son of William A. and Margaret E. Wood. Died in Sydney in 1915.
cartes de visite
Oliver Godfrey
(Oliver Cyril Godfrey)
(1863-1933)

 

Brisbane St, Tamworth
85 Hunter St, Newcastle
William St, Bathurst (travelling)
111 Hunter St, Newcastle
85 Hunter St, Newcastle

Godfrey Studio, Newcastle
77 York St, Sydney
170 King St, Sydney
1889
1889-1910
Sep 1894
1901
1910
(photo)
1917-1923 at least
1928
1928-1932
Oliver was born in London and came from a family of engravers. He apprenticed in photography possibly under his brother Henry and emigrated to Sydney marrying Matilda Kate Rout in 1885. First listed as a photographer in Tamworth in 1888 and moved to Newcastle where he established one of the longest running studios. He made working visits to Bathurst. Moved studio to Sydney in 1928.
cabinet photos
Carl W. Poppelbaum
(c.1848-1929)
Hunter St 1890 Started in Sydney in 1882, became manager of the Berlin Photographic & Enlarging Co. in George St in 1886. Married Mary Moreton in 1885 in Newtown, Sydney. Resided Mount Venron St, Glebe from 1886. Took over studio of Granville Wood in Hunter St, Newcastle for short period. Died 1929 in North Sydney.
The Berlin Studios 111 Hunter St   Possibly studio operated by Carl Poppelbaum (see above)
cabinet photos
Harry Charleston
(1863-1940)
Newcastle
Elite Studios
58 Hunter St, Newcastle
1892
 
1894-1921
Harry Charleston learnt photography as a teenager in Cornwall. His father John was a blacksmith in St. Erth. He emigrated to Australia in the late 1880s or early 1890s and set up a photography business in Newcastle in 1892 that became one of the town's largest. The studio was eventually managed by A. T. Craven and was taken over by Harry's son Allen in 1921. Allen Charleston moved the business to Cessnock in 1926 and later opened Peter Pan Studio in George St, Sydney.
F. Luckham
(Frank Luckham)
(1873-1947)
111 Hunter St
33 Hunter St
?
1905-1922
Frank Luckham learnt photography in his native Devon and emigrated to Sydney in the 1890s. He married in 1904 to Alice Gilbert and then set up a studio in Newcastle. Some of his last known photographs are of the Charlestown Cricket Club held in the Lake Macquarie City Library.
cartes de visite, mounted enlargements
William J. Farrell 161 Hunter St West, Newcastle 1904-1926  
A. Steinthol Hunter St, Newcastle 1904-1912  
Alfred Boddy
(?-1913)
25 Perkin St, Newcastle 1904-1915 Boddy died in 1913 but remained listed for a while after this which may have been an error or someone operated under his name. 
Eric Breedon
(1891-1969)
3 Newcomen St, Newcastle 1918 Son of Thomas Edward and Sarah Breedon. Died in Katoomba.
EARLY POST CARD PUBLISHERS
PUBLISHER/SERIES DATES PRODUCED NOTES
Falk & Wilkins    
Harding & Billing    
Click on the hyperlinked photographer or postcard publisher names to see more information and/or examples of their output
Notes:

Some of the year ranges stated may not be accurate or  complete as the information is limited to what has appeared in trade directories and newspapers and what was written on photos. Trade directory entries took some months to appear in print, and businesses opening after publication date did not appear until the next issue. The above list should be reasonably complete for photographers who established studios in Newcastle but may be deficient in coverage of travelling/itinerant  photographers who visited the region as they often left little record of their activities although sometimes they did announce their arrival in a local newspaper.

Due to the large number of such requests I am no longer able to respond to individual requests to date or identify family photos. If you are seeking historical photos of Newcastle I would suggest the organisations listed below as my personal collection consists mainly of portraiture, mostly unidentified.

Anyone with further information about the above photographers or with names of and information about other photographers not listed is welcome to contact me.  N.B. ** I am particularly interested in making contact with the descendants and relations of photographers**

Sources:

Private research by site author through contacting the descendants of  photographers. Most of the photographs studied and used on this site are from my private collection.
various New South Wales Post Office Directories
Northern Times & Newcastle Telegraph (3 Jan 1857 - 2 May 1860)
Newcastle Chronicle
(31 Dec 1859 - 25 Dec 1875)
Newcastle Daily Pilot (4 Oct 1867 - 25 Mar 1879)
Newcastle Morning Herald & Miners’ Advocate (20 Dec 1873 to date)
Newcastle Despatch (10 Jan 1880 - 23 Apr 1904)
Newcastle Daily News & Northumberland Mining Representative (1 Mar 1886 - 18 Dec 1886)
Newcastle Evening Call (3 Jan 1888 - 28 Jun 1888)
Newcastle Wallsend Sun (7 Jan 1899 - 31 Jan 1903)
Ben Champion's Hunter Valley Register 1843-1905
Alan Davies and Peter Stanbury, "The Mechanical Eye in Australia", OUP, Sydney, 1988.
Sandy Barrie, "Australians Behind the Camera, Directory of Early Australian Photographers 1841-1945", Sandie Barrie, Booval, Queensland, 2002.

Thankyou to Harry Poulsen, Ken & Millicent Poulsen, Nancy Edwards, Pam Harrison, Sandy Barrie, Eric Godfrey and Judy Mann.

GUIDE TO PHOTOGRAPH TYPES
Daguerreotype Invented by Louis Daguerre in 1837 and introduced to the world in 1839 developed in parallel with the calotype, the other tying first form of photograph. The daguerreotype was produced on highly buffed silver coated on to a brass plate and cannot be easily viewed unless turned at the right angle. The image was mounted under a brass mat and glass and placed in a leather bound folding case (imported from the USA, France or England) or sometimes framed. Ninth, sixth, quarter and half plate sizes were the most popular - the former two being those most commonly found.
Ambrotype Underexposed and sometimes bleached photographic negative on glass backed by black paper, dark velvet or black paint directly on the plate to make the negative appear positive.  This was then mounted in a brass frame and placed in a papier-mâché or leather bound folding case or sometimes framed. Ninth, sixth and quarter plate sizes were all popular - half and full plate images are sometimes seen.
Carte de Visite Paper photograph from glass plate negative mounted on card board mount 2 1/2" x 4" - popular from 1861-c.1895
Cabinet Photo Paper photograph from glass plate negative mounted on card board mount 4 1/4" x 6 1/2" - popular from mid 1870s-c.1905
Tintype Small postage stamp sized photograph on metallic tin usually mounted in carte de visite sized cardboard frame (gem tintype) or unmounted carte de visite sized photo on tin (2½" x 3½"plate) - popular 1879-1885
Opalotype Photograph on white opaque "milk" or "opal" glass.  Commonly 12" x 14" and framed.
Postcard Photo Photograph on paper with printed post card back, so that it could be mailed if desired taking advantage of the penny post.  This paper was used by professionals (where it was mainly used for studio portraiture or for views specifically for the postcard market) and by amateurs alike.  Size 5" x 3 1/2"

Newcastle and district historical organisations/libraries/museums & other links of interest
Newcastle Historical Society
P.O. Box 22
Broadmeadow NSW 2292
 
Newcastle Family History Society Inc.
Mechanics Institute

68 Elder St  Lambton NSW
The Secretary
NFHS Inc
PO Box 233
Lambton NSW 2299
nfhsinc@kooee.com.au
Meetings: 1st Tuesday each month, except January, starting at 7.30 pm.  General business, committee reports, Q & A, precede an interesting talk from a guest speaker, or contribution from  members. Visitors are most welcome. Library: free to Society members; visitors are invited to make a donation of $5 per person per visit. Volunteers are on duty to help you with research. Hours: every Thursday 1.00-3.30 pm; every Saturday 10.00am- 3.30 pm; Meeting nights 6.00-7.25pm, and one hour from close of meeting or 10 pm, whichever is earlier. The Library is not open on Public Holidays and will also close mid December to re-open mid January.
Newcastle Regional Museum  
Newcastle Region Public Library
War Memorial Cultural Centre
Laman Street
Newcastle NSW 2300
(02) 49745300
library@ncc.nsw.gov.au
Hours: Mon, Wed to Frid 9.30am-5pm
Friday - 9.30am to 5.00pm
Tuesday - 9.30am to 8.00pm
Saturday - 9.30am to 2.00pm

Hunter Photobank - index of some of the 80 000 photos in the library's collection including the Ralph Snowball collection

University of Newcastle Library
Newcastle Herald  
Raymond Terrace & District Historical Society Inc.
P.O. Box 255
Raymond Terrace NSW 2324
 
Port Stephens Family History Society Inc.
P.O. Box 32
Tanilba Bay NSW 2319
 
Port Stephens Historical Society  
Lake Macquarie Family History Group Inc.
PO Box 3046
Teralba NSW 2284
webmaster@lmfhg.hl.com.au
Meetings are held on the third Saturday of each month except for December meetings which are held on the second Saturday at the Marmong Point Community Hall, George Street, Marmong Point. The venue is open for the use of resources from 10.00 am and meetings commence at 1.00 pm. Resources are available for use until at least 4.00 pm. The hall is also open for access to resources and research on the first Wednesday of each month from 2.00 pm to 7.00 pm.
Stockton Historical Society Inc.
P.O. Box 133
Stockton NSW 2295
 
Hunter Valley Genealogy  

I am always after photographs for my reference collection and I will purchase any old photographs, postcards and albums (not just from Newcastle but anywhere in Australia) and also early wood and brass camera equipment, glass plate negatives and any other old photographic equipment.
Return to the Early Photographers of the Hunter Valley
This site  is maintained by: Marcel Safier, Photographic historian and collector © 2004-2008
P.O. Box 239, Holland Park QLD 4121, Australia; e-mail: msafier@ozemail.com.au 1