An Outline of Mind Control Research and Involuntary Human Experimentation

There is a considerable probability that unethical and involuntary human experiments are currently being conducted by the U.S. Federal Government for research into behavioral control. In this research, bio-effects of EM fields and beamed energy are used to directly affect the central nervous system, with the goal of influencing human behavior.

In the past the U.S. Federal Government engaged in unethical and involuntary human experimentation for the development of technologies thought critical to U.S. national security.

This occurred during the Cold War.

1.	"From the end of world War II well in to the 1970s, the Atomic Energy Commission, the Defense Department, the military services, the CIA and other agencies used prisoners, drug addicts, mental patients, college students, soldiers, even bar patrons, in a vast range of government-run experiments to test the effects of everything from radiation, LSD and nerve gas to intense electric shocks and prolonged ‘sensory deprivation.’ Some of the human guinea pigs knew what they were getting into; many others did not even know they were being experimented on." The Cold War Experiments , Budiansky, Goode and Gest, U.S News and World Report , January 24, 1994
2.	"During the last 50 years, hundreds of thousands of military personnel have been involved in human experimentation and other intentional exposures conducted by the Department of Defense (DOD), often without a servicemember's knowledge or consent. ... The U.S. General Accounting Office issued a report on September 28, 1994, which stated that between 1940 and 1974, DOD and other national security agencies studied hundreds of thousands of human subjects in tests and experiments involving hazardous substances. GAO stated that some tests and experiments were conducted in secret." Is Military Research Hazardous to Veterans’ Health? Lessons Spanning Half a Century, A Staff Report Prepared for the Committee on Veterans’ Affairs, 103d Congress, 2d Session, United States Senate, December 8, 1994
3.	"Between 1944 and 1974, the federal government authorized and funded experiments to test the effects of radiation on humans. ... For example, institutionalized children and adult prisoners were used in experiments, some cancer patients died after being given total body irradiation with no medical benefit, and 410 uranium miners died of lung cancer from a radon hazard that could have been avoided. ... Even when there was no prospect of medical benefit, it was common for researchers to conduct experiments without patient consent. ... Perhaps most important, the committee found that hiding experiments from subjects was simply the norm." The Verdict: No Harm, No Foul , Danielle Gordon, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists , Vol. 51, No. 1, January / February 1996
4.	"In 1993 the Governmental Affairs Committee began to investigate the cold war radiation experiments. These experiments are one of the unfortunate legacies of the cold war, when our Government sponsored experiments involving radiation on our own citizens without their consent. They did not even know the experiments were being run on them. It was without their consent." U.S. Senator John Glenn, STATEMENTS ON INTRODUCED BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTIONS (Senate - January 22, 1997) Statements Introducing Human Research Subject Protection Act of 1997
5.	"Some 2 years ago, the Senate Health Subcommittee heard chilling testimony about the human experimentation activities of the Central Intelligence Agency. The Deputy Director of the CIA revealed that over 30 universities and institutions ere involved in an ‘extensive testing and experimentation’ program which included covert drug tests on unwitting citizens ‘at all social levels, [high and low] , native Americans and foreign.’ Several of these [tests involved] the administration of LSD to ‘unwitting subjects in [social] situations.’ ... The Central Intelligence Agency drugged American citizens without their knowledge or consent. It used university facilities and personnel without their knowledge." Project MKULTRA, the CIA’s Program of Behavior Modification, Testimony of U.S. Senator Edward Kennedy, Joint Hearing before the Select Committee on Intelligence, U.S. Senate, 95th Congress, 1977

The U.S. Federal Government continued to conduct unethical and involuntary human experiments even after the Cold War was over.

During a 1994 U.S. Senate hearing, U.S. Senator Rockefeller made the following statement regarding the testing of experimental drugs on U.S. soldiers during the 1991 Persian Gulf War:

"During the Persian Gulf War, hundreds of thousands of soldiers were given experimental vaccines and drugs... The Pentagon... threw caution to the winds, ignoring all warnings of potential harm, and gave these drugs... with virtually no warnings and no safeguards... "

Senator John D. Rockefeller IV, Committee on Veterans' Affairs,
United States Senate Hearing, May 6, 1994

Later in 1994 the staff of the U.S. Senate Committee on Veteran’s Affairs published a report on its investigation into the use of U.S. soldiers in federal research. This report reflects the opinion of the majority of the staff, and concluded:

"DOD [Department of Defense] incorrectly claims that since their goal was treatment, the use of investigational drugs in the Persian Gulf War was not research. DOD used investigational drugs in the Persian Gulf War in ways that were not effective. ... DOD has demonstrated a pattern of misrepresenting the danger of various military exposures that continues today."

Is Military Research Hazardous to Veterans’ Health?
Lessons Spanning Half a Century,
A Staff Report Prepared for the Committee on Veterans’ Affairs,
103d Congress, 2d Session, United States Senate, December 8, 1994

From 1990 to 1991 the Center for Disease Control (CDC) conducted a study of an experimental measles vaccine is Los Angeles, California involving 1200 children whose parents had not given informed consent for their children’s participation. The study was experimental in that:

It involved administration of the Edmonston-Zagreb (EZ) strain of measles virus, which was not licensed for use in the United States.
The vaccine was administered in an experimentally high dosage.
The vaccine was administered to children under 1 year of age, while in the U.S. measles vaccine is not recommended for children under 15 months of age.

News that children had been used in this study without their parents’ informed consent surfaced in 1996. A magazine for pediatricians, Infectious Diseases in Children, reported

"... The informed consent form given to the parents of the children enrolled in the study, however, failed to make clear that EZ vaccine was under FDA review and was not licensed for use in the U.S. The study was stopped in 1991, 18 months after the children were initially enrolled, because of reports of excess mortality in Senegal, Guinea Bissau and Haiti."

[(note from author of this report) Walter Orenstein, MD is director of the National Immunization Program, CDC. The article quotes Orenstein as saying]

"... we made a serious mistake by not telling parents that the vaccine was experimental and not licensed in the United States ... And we also did not accurately explain to parents the purposes at the time of entrance into the study."

Measles Vaccine Study Damages Perception of Federal Research Projects,
Infectious Diseases in Children, October 1996

The Washington Office on Haiti and the National Vaccine Information Center published a joint press release in which Barbara Loe Fisher, co-founder and President of the National Vaccine Information Center stated

"The parents in inner-city LA weren't told what it meant to subject their babies to a dose of measles vaccine many times stronger than normal. They weren't told that measles vaccine is not recommended for American babies under 15 months of age.
... Their human rights were violated ..."

Washington Office on Haiti
National Vaccine Information Center
Join press release, July 16, 1996

II.

Members of the U.S. Congress have publicly stated that current safeguards in U.S. federal law and U.S. federal policies do not provide sufficient protection for human research subjects and do not prohibit involuntary human research. Although legislation has been introduced to correct these problems, the legislation has not been ratified. These problems continue to exist.

In 1997 U.S. Senator John Glenn introduced legislation in the U.S. Senate titled Human Research Subject Protections Act of 1997 (S.193, U.S. Senate, 105^th Congress, 1^st session).

Introducing S.193, Senator Glenn made the following comments on the floor of the U.S. Senate:

"In 1993 the Governmental Affairs Committee began to investigate the cold war radiation experiments. These experiments are one of the unfortunate legacies of the cold war, when our Government sponsored experiments involving radiation on our own citizens without their consent.
... During the course of this investigation, I began to ask the question, what protections are in place to prevent such abuses from happening again? What law prohibits experimenting on people without their informed consent?
What I found, when I looked into it, is there is no law on the books requiring that informed consent be obtained. More important, I believe there is a need for such a law, as there continue to be cases where this basic right--I do view it as a basic right--is abused.
... we still don't have a law on our books requiring that informed consent--those two words, `informed consent'--be obtained prior to conducting research on human subjects.
... there is a very elaborate system of protections that have developed over the years. Unfortunately, though, this system does have some gaps and, if enacted, I believe this legislation will close those gaps.
Unfortunately, Mr. President, there are ongoing problems with inappropriate, ethically suspect research on human subjects. It is difficult to know the extent of such problems because information is not collected in any formal manner on human research.
The Cleveland Plain-Dealer [ a newspaper ] in my home State of Ohio has recently reported in a whole series of articles, after much investigation of this issue.
... The Plain-Dealer uncovered a number of disturbing cases, very disturbing cases as a matter of fact, where people were either unaware of the fact that they were involved in research or were not provided full information about potential side effects of research. The series raises very serious questions about the adequacy of our current system of protecting human research subjects.
... The Plain-Dealer uncovered much evidence to suggest that the Federal Government continues to sponsor research where informed consent is not obtained. And this fact disturbed me greatly also.
... Under current rule and executive order, it is possible to waive informed consent and IRB review for classified research."
U.S. Senator John Glenn,
Statements made introducing Human Research Subject Protection Act of 1997,
STATEMENTS ON INTRODUCED BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTIONS
(U.S. Senate - January 22, 1997)
In the text of his proposed legislation, Senator Glenn noted the following specific deficiencies in current protections for human research subjects in the U.S.:

"(a) FINDINGS- Congress makes the following findings:
(5) In 1995, the President's Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments found that there are significant deficiencies in some aspects of the current system for the protection of human subjects. In particular, the Committee found that some consent forms currently in use are flawed in morally significant aspects.
(7) Some agencies of the Federal government sponsor research involving human subjects, but these agencies have not adopted the Common Rule as provided for in part 46 of title 45, Code of Federal Regulations.
(8) Private individuals or institutions that do not receive any Federal funding or that are not seeking the approval of the Food and Drug Administration for a drug or device, and that sponsor research involving human subjects, do not need to abide by the requirements of part 46 of title 45, Code of Federal Regulations.
(10) Notwithstanding paragraphs (1) through (9), no provision of United States law explicitly requires that informed consent and independent review of research involving human subject be obtained."
Human Research Subject Protections Act of 1997 (Introduced in Senate)
S.193, 105th CONGRESS, 1st Session
The Human Research Subject Protections Act of 1997 has not been ratified.

On June 8th, 2000, U.S. Representative Diana DeGette introduced legislation titled Human Research Subject Protections Act of 2000 (H.R.4605, 106^th Congress, 2^nd session) in the U.S. House of Representatives. This legislation is very similar to the Human Research Subject Protection Act of 1997 that Senator Glenn introduced in the U.S. Senate. In particular, with minor changes, the text of Human Research Subject Protections Act of 2000 contains each of the above quoted findings, "(5)", "(7)", "(8)", and "(10)" from the text of Human Research Subject Protection Act of 1997. Representative DeGette’s Human Research Subject Protections Act of 2000 has not been ratified.

Very recently, on November 21, 2003 Representative DeGette introduced legislation titled Protection for Participants in Research Act of 2003 (H. R. 3594, 108^th Congress, 1^st session) in the U.S. House of Representatives. In particular, from the text of the proposed law, Protection for Participants in Research Act of 2003 would require that "a principal investigator, may not, except as provided in the Common Rule, involve an individual as a subject in human subject research unless the investigator or other knowledgeable person has obtained the informed consent of the individual to be a subject."

On December 4^th 2003 the Protection for Participants in Research Act of 2003 was referred for consideration to the Subcommittee on Health of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce.

The recent introduction of Protection for Participants in Research Act of 2003, with its specific requirement that informed consent be obtained before a person can be used in human subject research, indicates that involuntary human experimentation continues to be a problem in the U.S.

III.

During the Cold War, the U.S. Federal Government conducted research into behavioral control. It was judged to be critical to U.S. national security that the U.S. acquire capabilities in this area, in order to maintain parity with, and to develop counter-measures against, believed advances that had been made in this field by the USSR and China. It was thought to be impossible to make substantial progress in behavioral control research without using unwitting human test subjects. The agency conducting the research justified the ethical and legal violations involved in using unwitting human test subjects by the impossibility of otherwise making progress and by the critical importance the sought after capabilities had to U.S. national security.

"On June 1, 1951, top military and intelligence officials of the United States, Canada and Great Britain, alarmed by the frightening reports of communist success at ‘intervention in the individual mind,’ summoned a small group of eminent psychologists to a secret meeting at the Ritz-Carlton Hotel in Montreal. The Soviets had gotten Hungary's Joszef Cardinal Mindszenty, an outspoken anti-communist, to confess to espionage, and they also seemed to be able to indoctrinate political enemies and even control the thoughts of entire populations. The researchers were convinced that the communists' success must be the fruit of some mysterious breakthroughs. By the following September, U.S. government scientists, spurred on by reports that American prisoners of war were being brainwashed in North Korea, were proposing an urgent, top-secret research program on behavior modification. Drugs, hypnosis, electroshock, lobotomy -- all were to be studied as part of a vast U.S. effort to close the mind-control gap."

The Cold War Experiments, Budiansky, Goode and Gest,
U.S News and World Report, January 24, 1994

"MKULTRA was the principal CIA program involving the research and development of chemical and biological agents. It was ‘concerned with the research and development of chemical, biological, and radiological materials capable of employment in clandestine operations to control human behavior.’ [ Memorandum from the CIA Inspector General to the Director, 7/26/63 ]

... MKULTRA was approved by the DCI [Director of Central Intelligence ] on April 13, 1953 along the lines proposed by ADDP [ Associate Deputy Director for Plans ] Helms.

... Over the ten-year life of the program, many ‘additional avenues to the control of human behavior’ were designated as appropriate for investigation under the MKULTRA charter. These include ‘radiation, electroshock, various fields of psychology, psychiatry, sociology, and anthropology, graphology, harassment substances, and paramilitary devices and materials.’

... LSD was one of the materials tested in the MKULTRA program. The final phase of LSD testing involved surreptitious administration to unwitting nonvolunteer subjects in normal life settings by undercover officers of the Bureau of Narcotics acting for the CIA.

The rationale for such testing was ‘that testing of materials under accepted scientific procedures fails to disclose the full pattern of reactions and attributions that may occur in operational situations.’ [ Inspector General Report on MKULTRA, 1963, p. 21 ]

... The late 1940s and early 1950s were marked by concern over the threat posed by the activities of the Soviet Union, the People's Republic of China, and other Communist bloc countries. United States concern over the use of chemical and biological agents by these powers was acute. The belief that hostile powers had used chemical and biological agents in interrogations, brainwashing, and in attacks designed to harass, disable, or kill Allied personnel created considerable pressure for a ‘defensive’ program to investigate chemical and biological agents so that the intelligence community could understand the mechanisms by which these substances worked and how their effects could be defeated.

... As the Deputy Director for Plans, Richard Helms, wrote the Deputy Director of Central Intelligence during discussions which led to tile cessation of unwitting testing:

‘While I share your uneasiness and distaste for any program which tends to intrude upon an individual's private and legal prerogatives, I believe it is necessary that the Agency maintain a central role in this activity, keep current on enemy capabilities the manipulation of human behavior, and maintain an offensive capability.’ [ Memorandum for the Deputy Director of Central Intelligence from the Deputy Director for Plans, 12/17/63, pp. 2-3 ]

... On December 17, 1963, Deputy Director for Plans Helms wrote a memo to the DDCI, who with the Inspector General and the Executive Director-Comptroller had opposed the covert testing. He noted two aspects of the problem: (1) ‘for over a decade the Clandestine Services has had the mission of maintaining a capability for influencing human behavior;’ and (2) ‘testing arrangements in furtherance of this mission should be as operationally realistic and yet as controllable as possible.’ Helms argued that the individuals must be ‘unwitting’ as this was ‘the only realistic method of maintaining the capability, considering the intended operational use of materials to influence human behavior as the operational targets will certainly be unwitting. Should the subjects of the testing not be unwitting, the program would only be ‘pro forma’ resulting in a ‘false sense of accomplishment and readiness.’ ’ [Memorandum for the Record prepared by the Inspector General, 5/15/63]

... Helms noted that because of the suspension of covert testing, the Agency's ‘positive operational capability to use drugs is diminishing, owing to a lack of realistic testing. With increasing knowledge of the state of the art, we are less capable of staying up with Soviet advances in this field.’ [ Memorandum from DDP Helms to DCI, 6/9/64, pp 1-2. ]"

Project MKULTRA, the CIA’s Program of Behavior Modification,
Appendix A, XVII. Testing And Use Of Chemical
And Biological Agents By The Intelligence Community,
Joint Hearing before the Select Committee on Intelligence,
U.S. Senate, 95^th Congress, 1977

"According to Sidney Gottlieb, a medical doctor and former CIA agent, MKULTRA was established to investigate whether and how an individual's behavior could be modified by covert means. According to Dr. Gottlieb, the CIA believed that both the Soviet Union and Communist China might be using techniques of altering human behavior which were not understood by the United States. Dr. Gottlieb testified that ‘it was felt to be mandatory and of the utmost urgency for our intelligence organization to establish what was possible in this field on a high priority basis.’ Although many human subjects were not informed or protected, Dr. Gottlieb defended those actions by stating, ‘...harsh as it may seem in retrospect, it was felt that in an issue where national survival might be concerned, such a procedure and such a risk was a reasonable one to take.’ "

Is Military Research Hazardous to Veterans’ Health?
Lessons Spanning Half a Century,
A Staff Report Prepared for the Committee on Veterans’ Affairs,
103^d Congress, 2^d Session, United States Senate, December 8, 1994

VI.

The U.S. Federal Government is again conducting research into behavioral control. In this current research, bio-effects of EM fields and beamed energy are used to directly affect the central nervous system, with the goal of influencing human behavior.

Applications of the bio-effects of EM fields and beamed energy to influencing human behavior have been identified by researchers affiliated with the U.S. Federal Government as possible areas for future research:

"MKULTRA was the principal CIA program involving the research and development of chemical and biological agents.

... Over the ten-year life of the program, many ‘additional avenues to the control of human behavior’ were designated as appropriate for investigation under the MKULTRA charter. These include ‘radiation, electroshock, various fields of psychology, psychiatry, sociology, and anthropology, graphology, harassment substances, and paramilitary devices and materials.’ [Inspector General Report on MKULTRA, 1963 p. 4 ]"

"Experience with electroshock therapy, RFR experiments and the increasing understanding of the brain as an electrically mediated organ suggest the serious probability that impressed electromagnetic fields can be disruptive of purposeful behavior and may be capable of directing and/or interrogating such behavior.
... While initial attention should be toward degradation of human performance through thermal loading and electromagnetic field effects, subsequent work should address the possibilities of directing and interrogating mental functioning, using externally applied fields within the possibility of a revolutionary capability to defend against hostile actions and to collect intelligence data prior to conflict onset."

Final Report On Biotechnology Research Requirements For
Aeronautical Systems Through the Year 2000, Volumes I and II,
Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, p. 188, 189

The unclassified news media has reported on research into applications of EM fields and beamed energy to influencing human behavior.

1.	"Scores of new contracts have been let, and scientists, aided by government research on the ‘bioeffects’ of beamed energy, are searching the electromagnetic and sonic spectrums for wavelengths that can affect human behavior. ... From 1980 to 1983, a man named Eldon Byrd ran the Marine Corps Nonlethal Electromagnetic Weapons project. He conducted most of his research at the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute in Bethesda, Md. ‘We were looking at electrical activity in the brain and how to influence it,’ he says. Byrd, a specialist in medical engineering and bioeffects, funded small research projects, including a paper on vortex weapons by Obolensky. He conducted experiments on animals--and even on himself--to see if brain waves would move into sync with waves impinging on them from the outside. (He found that they would, but the effect was short lived.) By using very low frequency electromagnetic radiation--the waves way below radio frequencies on the electromagnetic spectrum--he found he could induce the brain to release behavior-regulating chemicals. ‘We could put animals into a stupor,’ he says, by hitting them with these frequencies." Wonder Weapons: The Pentagon’s quest for nonlethal arms is amazing. But is it smart?, Douglas Pasternak, U.S. News and World Report, July 7, 1997
2.	"Development of many of the proposed weapons described on these pages has been undertaken by NATO, the United States, and probably other nations as well. The Certain Conventional Weapons Convention (also known as the Inhumane Weapons Convention). Many of the non-lethal weapons under consideration utilize infrasound or electromagnetic energy (including lasers, microwave or radio-frequency radiation, or visible light pulsed at brain-wave frequency) for their effects. These weapons are said to cause temporary or permanent blinding, interference with mental processes, modification of behavior and emotional response, seizures, severe pain, dizziness, nausea and diarrhea, or disruption of internal organ functions in various other ways." Non-lethal Weapons May Violate Peace Treaties, Dr. Barbara Hatch Rosenberg, Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, page 44, September-October 1994
3.	"The Russian government is perfecting mind-control technology developed in the 1970s that could be used to hone fighting capabilities of friendly forces while demoralizing and disabling opposing troops. Known as acoustic psycho-correction, the capability to control minds and alter behavior of civilians and soldiers may soon be shared with U.S. military, medical and political officials, according to U.S. and Russian sources. ... Meanwhile, the U.S. Army’s Armament Research, Development & Engineering Center is conducting a one-year study of acoustic beam technology that may mirror some of the effects reported by the Russians." U.S. Explores Russian Mind-Control Technology, Barbara Opall, Defense News, January 11-17, 1993
4.	"Richard S. Cesaro, deputy director for advanced sensors at the Pentagon’s Advanced Research Projects Agency, in an interview prior to his death two years ago, contended that ‘in our experiments we did some remarkable things. And there was no question in my mind that you can get into the brain with microwaves. ...If you really make the breakthrough, you’ve got something better than any bomb ever built, because when you finally come down the line you’re talking about controlling people’s minds’ ..." Looking at the Moscow Signal, the Zapping of an Embassy 35 years later, The Mystery Lingers, Barton Reppert, Associated Press, May 22, 1988

As with past behavioral control research, there are indications that acquiring capabilities to influence human behavior using the bio-effects of EM fields and beamed energy is considered critically important to U.S. national security:

As stated in ‘d.’ above, the U.S. Federal Government is currently conducting research in this area.

Former U.S. defense department officials have publicly stated that behavioral control technologies based on bio-effects of EM fields and beamed energy are of potentially revolutionary military importance:

"Richard S. Cesaro, deputy director for advanced sensors at the Pentagon’s Advanced Research Projects Agency, in an interview prior to his death two years ago, contended that ‘in our experiments we did some remarkable things. And there was no question in my mind that you can get into the brain with microwaves. ...If you really make the breakthrough, you’ve got something better than any bomb ever built, because when you finally come down the line you’re talking about controlling people’s minds’ ..."

Looking at the Moscow Signal, the Zapping of an Embassy:
35 years later, The Mystery Lingers,
Barton Reppert, Associated Press, May 22, 1988

Research efforts by competing foreign powers in applying bio-effects of EM fields and beamed energy to influencing human behavior have been reported in the U.S. news media with alarm, including in recent years:

"The Russian government is perfecting mind-control technology developed in the 1970s that could be used to hone fighting capabilities of friendly forces while demoralizing and disabling opposing troops.

Known as acoustic psycho-correction, the capability to control minds and alter behavior of civilians and soldiers may soon be shared with U.S. military, medical and political officials, according to U.S. and Russian sources.

Pioneered by the government funded Department of Psycho-Correction at the Moscow Medical Academy, acoustic psycho-correction involves the transmission of specific commands via static or white noise bands into the human subconscious without upsetting other intellectual functions.

Moreover, decades of research and investment of untold millions of rubles in the process of psycho-correction has produced the ability to alter behavior on willing and unwilling subjects, the experts add.

... At least one senior U.S. senator, government intelligence officials and the U.S. Army’s Office for Operations, Plans and Force Development are interested in reviewing the Russian capabilities, U.S. sources said.

... Meanwhile, the U.S. Army’s Armament Research, Development & Engineering Center is conducting a one-year study of acoustic beam technology that may mirror some of the effects reported by the Russians."

U.S. Explores Russian Mind-Control Technology,
Barbara Opall, Defense News, pages 4 and 29, January 11-17, 1993

A 1998 article titled “The Mind Has No Firewall” in the U.S. Army War College Quarterly, Parameters, begins with the following quote from a Russian army officer:

" ‘It is completely clear that the state which is first to create such weapons will achieve incomparable superiority.’ -- Major I. Chernishev, Russian army [Can Rulers Make `Zombies' and Control the World?, I. Chernishev, Orienteer, pp. 58-62, February 1997 ]"

The article then continues:

"... A recent Russian military article offered a slightly different slant to the problem, declaring that ‘humanity stands on the brink of a psychotronic war’ with the mind and body as the focus. That article discussed Russian and international attempts to control the psycho-physical condition of man and his decisionmaking processes by the use of VHF-generators, ‘noiseless cassettes,’ and other technologies.

An entirely new arsenal of weapons, based on devices designed to introduce subliminal messages or to alter the body's psychological and data-processing capabilities, might be used to incapacitate individuals. These weapons aim to control or alter the psyche, or to attack the various sensory and data-processing systems of the human organism.

... The term ‘psycho-terrorism’ was coined by Russian writer N. Anisimov of the Moscow Anti-Psychotronic Center. According to Anisimov, psychotropic weapons are those that act to ‘take away a part of the information which is stored in a man's brain. It is sent to a computer, which reworks it to the level needed for those who need to control the man, and the modified information is then reinserted into the brain.’ These weapons are used against the mind to induce hallucinations, sickness, mutations in human cells, ‘zombification,’ or even death. Included in the arsenal are VHF generators, X-rays, ultrasound, and radio waves. Russian army Major I. Chernishev, writing in the military journal Orienteer in February 1997, asserted that ‘psy’ weapons are under development all over the globe.

... There is confirmation from U.S. researchers that this type of study is going on. Dr. Janet Morris, coauthor of The Warrior's Edge, reportedly went to the Moscow Institute of Psychocorrelations in 1991. There she was shown a technique pioneered by the Russian Department of Psycho-Correction at Moscow Medical Academy in which researchers electronically analyze the human mind in order to influence it."

The Mind Has No Firewall,
Timothy L. Thomas, Parameters (U.S. Army War College Quarterly),
pp. 84-92, Spring 1998

"One specific data processor, however, has received far less attention in U.S. thinking. It is the security of the data processor known as the mind, which unfortunately has no innate firewall to protect it from either deceptive or electromagnetic processes. As a result, the mind of the soldier on the battlefield is potentially the most exploitable and unprotected IW [ Information Warfare ] capability our military possesses.

... China and Russia, in addition to studying hardware technology, data processing equipment, computer networks and ‘system of systems’ developments, have focused considerable attention on several nontraditional targets of the information weapon, to include the mind.

... This article examines China's psychological warfare and knowledge concepts (including the impact of the information age on China's strategic culture) and ‘new concept’ weapons (variants of nonlethal weapons); and Russia's development of information-psychological operations, reflexive control or ‘intellectual IW’ stratagems and human behavior control mechanisms.

... Russian IW modelers try to foresee the application and utility of information weapons. They study an information model of the psyche of a person and then attempt to simulate the interaction between people, social groups and other factors. The formation of methods to ensure moral-psychological stability is important to Russian modelers. They want to counter the influence of information weapons that aim to suppress the will to resist, ‘zombify’ the psyche through manipulation and reconfigured thinking, reprogram human behavior and demoralize and psychologically degrade people

... The Russian armed forces are studying a host of unusual subjects, almost all of which center on how information or electronic waves affect the mind.

... In other words, the Russians are exhaustively exploring what makes the mind tick and how to manage it."

Human Network Attacks,
Timothy L. Thomas, Military Review, September-October 1999

Note: Military Review is an official publication of the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College

"An even more sinister behavior modification technique is cited by Stanford University psychologist Philip Zimbardo: ‘Soviet scientists have been perfecting a device that bombards the brain with low-frequency radio waves. These airborne waves can travel over distances and are known to change the behavior of animals and humans in their path. Such remote control makes possible potentially frightening uses for altering the brain’s functioning.’ "

Thought Control,
Stanley N. Wellborn, U.S. News & World Report, p. 89, Dec. 26, 1983

"On May 20, 1983 U.S. newspapers printed an Associated Press story from the Veteran's Hospital and Loma Linda, California that the Soviets developed a device, called Lida, to bombard human brains with radio waves.

... Lida is reported to change behavior in animals.

... According to Dr. Adey, who repeatedly visited the USSR, the Soviets have used the machine on people since at least 1960. The machine is technically described as ‘a distant pulse treatment apparatus.’ It generates 40 megahertz radio waves which stimulate the brain's electromagnetic activity at substantially lower frequencies.

Dr. Adey was quoted as saying: ‘Some people theorize that the Soviets may be using an advanced version of the machine clandestinely to seek a change in the behavior in the United States through signals beamed from the USSR.’ No reference was made to the protracted microwave bombardment several years ago of the U.S. Embassy in Moscow.

... In the U.S. research on direct brain waves has scarcely begun, and the USSR has a lead of approximately 25 years. Once it is matured the new technology will be extraordinarily significant in medicine. It may also have major impacts on communications, intelligence, and psychological operations, and permit deliberate physiological impairment.

The KGB is known to be interested in the program. It is not known whether the U.S. and other governments are trying to determine whether their countries have become targets of clandestine brain wave beamed from the USSR. Nor are there indications that work on countermeasures is being contemplated, except perhaps in the USSR."

Psy-War: Soviet Device Experiment,
Stefan T. Possony, Defense & Foreign Affairs Daily, pp. 1-2, June 7, 1983

"(Soviet) mind-altering techniques, designed to impact on an opponent are well-advanced. The procedures employed include manipulation of human behavior through the use of psychological weapons effecting sight, sound, smell, temperature, electromagnetic energy, or sensory deprivation.

... Soviet researchers, studying controlled behavior, have also examined the effects of electromagnetic radiation on humans and have applied these techniques against the U.S. Embassy in Moscow.

... Researchers suggest that certain low-frequency (ELF) emissions possess psychoactive characteristics. These transmissions can be used to induce depression or irritability in a target population. The application of large-scale ELF behavior modification could have horrendous impact."

The New Mental Battlefield,
Lt. Col. John B. Alexander, U.S. Army, Ph.D.,
Military Review, December 1980

Note: Military Review is an official publication of the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College

"A newly classified U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency report says extensive Soviet research into microwaves might lead to methods of causing disoriented human behavior, nerve disorders, or even heart attacks.

‘Soviet scientists are fully aware of the biological effects of low-level microwave radiation which might have offensive weapons applications,’ says the report, based on an analysis of experiments conducted in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe.

According to the study, this research work suggests the potential for the development of a number of antipersonnel applications.

... A copy of the study was provided by the agency to The Associated Press in response to a request under the Freedom of Information Act. The Pentagon agency refused to release some portions of the study, saying they remain classified on national security grounds.

The report concluded that Soviet research in this area ‘has great potential for development into a system for disorienting or disrupting the behavior patterns of military or diplomatic personnel. It could be used equally well as an interrogation tool.’

... The report said that along with microwave hearing, the Soviets have also studied various changes in body chemistry and functioning of the brain resulting from exposure to microwaves and other frequencies of the electromagnetic spectrum."

Mind-Altering Microwaves: Soviets Studying Invisible Ray,
Los Angeles Herald Examiner, Sec. A, Nov. 22, 1976

VI.

Currently, as in the past, it is hard to see how research into obtaining behavioral control in unwitting or uncooperative targets can be conducted using informed and consenting human test subjects.

This must be combined with the past history of the U.S. Federal Government of conducting unethical and involuntary human research, as well as with the lack of sufficient protection for human research subjects in U.S. federal law and policies.

Therefore, a considerable probability exists that national security needs are again being cited to justify the use of unwitting and involuntary human test subjects in behavioral control research.

VII.

Additional factors support the possibility that unethical and involuntary human subject research is currently taking place in the U.S. in support of non-lethal weapons and behavioral control research:

The World Organization Against Torture, in its 1998 report “Torture in the United States”, stated allegations of these unethical human research procedures being made by U.S. activist groups are credible enough that they should not be dismissed without an impartial investigation:

"Similar concerns also are being raised about involuntary human experimentation involving new forms of classified research and testing of high technology military weaponry, including microwave and laser equipment. Groups working on these issues cite, among other evidence of the existence of these unauthorized testing procedures, a White House inter-governmental memorandum dated March 27, 1997, establishing stronger guidelines prohibiting non-consensual testing for classified research, but suggesting, by implication, that this type of human subject research may, in fact, be taking place. … these allegations of continuing improprieties involving secret government sponsored human testing should not be dismissed without more thorough, impartial investigation."

Torture in the United States,
World Organization Against Torture, 1998

A number of experts have stated they believe it is possible that such involuntary human research is currently being done in the U.S. :

Letter from Professor John C. Syer in support of the efforts of Cheryl Welsh, president of CAHRA (Citizens Against Human Rights Abuse), to investigate allegations of involuntary human testing of electromagnetic weapons technology:

"May 11, 1998

To Whom It May Concern:

I write in support of the efforts of Cheryl Welsh and others to obtain a definitive hearing concerning nonconsensual human testing of electromagnetic technologies. The effect of beamed energy on the human body is deserving of the highest levels of understanding and accountability. Regarding electromagnetic weapons, Professor Steven Metz of the U.S. Army War College has said, ‘We need an open debate on them now.’ (Singapore Straights Times. July 18, 1997.)

Cheryl Welsh will receive her B.A. from California State University-Sacramento later this month. While conducting independent research, Ms. Welsh has compiled an extensive bibliography and a useful list of expert witnesses. She has also collected data on the victims of nonconsensual testing. Ms. Welsh has formed a nonprofit research organization on this question, and she has appeared on CNN and the Learning Channel to address this issue. Cheryl Welsh may be reached at 915 Zaragoza Street, Davis, California 95616.

The materials assembled by Ms. Welsh provide a solid basis for undertaking a more thorough examination of this issue. Given the classified nature of weapons development, it is imperative that ample scrutiny accompany this type of experimentation in order that human rights and the public health are not endangered. Government personnel, and individuals working under government contracts, must be held to the highest standards of accountability. A public investigation of nonconsensual electromagnetic testing is long overdue.

[Signature]

John C. Syer
Professor of Government
CSU-Sacramento
6000 J. Street
Sacramento, CA. 95819"

Letter by Dr. Eldon A. Byrd, former director of the Marine Corps Nonlethal Electromagnetic Weapons Development Project from 1980 to 1983, provided to Cheryl Welsh, president of CAHRA (Citizens Against Human Rights Abuse):

"January 8, 2002

To Whom It May Concern

This letter of recommendation has been prepared to introduce and support both a technology and a person. The person is Cheryl Welsh, a law student and researcher who is engaged in trying to find out what is behind the thousands of cases of reported abuse against humans that is causing pain and suffering to innocent victims. The technology is one which, if applied malevolently, could cause the abuse.

... The technology she is investigating opens the door to the possibility that humans are being used as subjects in a massive, worldwide experiment to test mind control techniques. Although there is no hard evidence for such a claim, the ‘dirty hands’ of governments in the past (the Third Reich, e.g., and several well known and documented human experiments by other governments, including our own) to experiment on its citizens without their permission, makes her claims plausible.

... I am qualified to evaluate the technology involved, having been in charge of the U.S. Marine Corps Electromagnetic Non-lethal Weapons Development Project in the early 1980’s, wherein it was shown that it was possible to alter the behavior of animals with magnetic fields, and entrain human brain waves remotely. Since then, the technology has progressed to the point where even genetic engineering with fields is possible and demonstrable. That the technology to inflict mind control on human beings exists is beyond question ...

Eldon A. Byrd"

The CNN documentary TV program “American Edge”, shown on June 18, 1997, reported that the non-profit group CAHRA (Citizens Against Human Rights Abuse) networks with over 500 alleged victims, and that other groups say thousands are targeted.