

One of the tactics used by some pre-trib authors, to offset the embarrassing dearth of pre-trib belief for the first 1700 years of Christianity, is to simply revise history! One would hope Christians (especially those in high places) would refrain from such tactics. But, alas, it is common among modern pre-tribulationists. Even the big names at Dallas Theological Seminary are no exception. We are not going to judge their motives. We are simply going to expose what has been going on. Whether these men intentionally meant to deceive, whether they were deceived themselves, or whether they were simply repeating what they had read from others, we cannot say. But the result is the same. They have grossly misrepresented historical documents in an attempt to give the impression that pre-tribulationism or its essential elements were taught in the Early Church.
Dr. John Walvoord, former president of Dallas Theological Seminary and author of several pre-trib books, has repeatedly claimed that while the early Christians were post-trib, they were not "futurists." They believed they were already in the tribulation and therefore were looking for an imminent rapture. The implication of this claim is that the early Christians were taught by the Apostles to expect the rapture at any moment. But, they were confused about the tribulation events. Thus, it is easy to discredit and dismiss their strong post-trib stance. Walvoord implied that the Apostles actually taught "pre-trib," since they passed on the idea of "imminence." And, the early Christians were simply too stupid to keep the tribulation events in the future, as they had allegedly been taught by the Apostles.
Dr. Dwight Pentecost, also of Dallas Seminary, made similar statements in his classic pre-trib textbook, Things to Come. Below are two quotes from Walvoord and one from Pentecost that indicate this line of reasoning.
| "Unquestionably, the majority view as far as the rapture is concerned is the posttribulational view, namely, that Christ will come for His church in connection with His second coming to the earth. This is the view advocated by the amillenarians and postmillenarians and by some premillenarians. They contend that to divide the rapture from the second coming to the earth by a period of at least seven years is to bifurcate what the Scriptures intend to be a single event.
Posttribulationists who have written on this subject usually attack the pretribulational view, rather than support their own position. Arguments gleaned from their writings in favor of the posttribulational position may be itemized as follows: 1. The argument from history. Posttribulationists appeal to the fact that the early church fathers were posttribulational and conclude that, therefore, the pretribulation position is new and novel. Pretribulationists reply by noting that modern posttribulationism with its doctrine of tribulation first and then the rapture is not what the early church fathers believed at all, for the early church held the any-moment view of the Lord’s return, thinking erroneously that they were already in the great tribulation. The modern form of posttribulationism which places the tribulation still future and to be followed by the rapture is in some respects more recent than pretribulationism as it is taught today." [Walvoord, Future Work of Christ-Part I: The Coming of Christ for His Church — BibSac Vol 123 #489] (Emphasis mine)
"[I]n the early church fathers there was no clear agreement that a specific seven year period as is indicated in Daniel 9:27 had to occur before the Lord could return. Generally speaking, the early church fathers, as well as the Protestant Reformers, tended to identify contemporary events with the events of the Great Tribulation and because of this could look for the imminent return of Christ." [Walvoord, The Rapture Question, p. 51.] (Emphasis mine)
"The Early Church lived in the light of the belief in the imminent return of Christ. Their expectation was that Christ might return at any time. Pretribulationism is the only position consistent with this doctrine of imminence. If an argument from silence be followed, the weight of evidence favors the pre-tribulation view." [Pentecost, Things to Come, p. 166] |
Dr. Walvoord's claim, that "in the early church fathers there was no clear agreement that a specific seven year period as is indicated in Daniel 9:27 had to occur before the Lord could return" is very misleading. If he means that they were not unanimous in their agreement, well, who is today? There was a dispute in the early Church over whether the Millennial hope was literal. Those inclined toward allegorical interpretation also thought the 70th week was past. These were Clement of Alexandria, Origin, and Julius Africanus. All were affiliated with the North African Alexandrian school, known for its allegorical interpretation, unorthodox views, and combining Christianity with Greek and Eastern philosophy. The other exception was Tertullian of Carthage (North Africa). While Tertullian viewed Daniel 9:27 as past, he was still a "futurist," looking for a literal "tribulation," and the persecution of the Church by Antichrist just prior to the Lord's coming. Unfortunately, Tertullian was involved in the Montanist heresy.
In the orthodox (pre-millennial) writers, there is clear agreement. Irenaeus and Hippolytus taught that the 70th week would be the last seven years of this age in which the two witnesses would prophesy for the first 42 months, the "abomination of desolation" being in the middle, and the Beast would persecute the Church for the last 42 months, then Christ would return (a clear "seven year" tribulation with a post-trib rapture). Other early writers, including Barnabas, Justin, Hermas, Cyprian, Lactantius, and Victorinus, did not refer to Daniel 9:27, and so no specific mention is made of the tribulation being "seven years." But it is clear that they were expecting a future tribulation at the end of the age, and a literal Antichrist who would persecute the Church. These writers saw the Antichrist's reign as 3.5 years. And the ministry of the two witnesses as also 3.5 years. This implies a seven year tribulation.
Walvoord's claim that they thought they were in the tribulation, is equally false. The early Church Fathers consistently placed the Great Tribulation, the Antichrist, and the 2 witnesses in the future. Not one believed the tribulation was in progress. Some thought that the beginning of the tribulation was imminent, expecting the Antichrist to be revealed in their lifetimes. But Walvoord completely misrepresents the Church Fathers when he says they did not understand the 70th week, or thought it was in progress.
Both Walvoord and Pentecost are wrong when they claim the Early Christians expected an "any moment" coming of Christ. The Early Church Fathers looked for intervening events to take place before Christ would return. In the following quotations we will prove decisively that the Dallas Doctors' Departure Distortions have no basis in fact, and totally misrepresented the writings of the Church Fathers.
We will demonstrate that the orthodox Early Church Fathers:
1. Understood the 70th week as future, and would be literally seven years
2. Understood that the tribulation events of Revelation would occur within the 70th week, just prior to Christ's coming
3. Certain intervening events must come before Antichrist would appear. Therefore they did NOT hold to the idea that Jesus' coming was 'imminent.' Rather, they expected the entire sequence of events - tribulation, Antichrist, second coming - to occur soon.
And let's not forget that this is exactly what post-trib / pre-mills teach today, and is the position of The Last Trumpet website. So, Walvoord's claim above, that modern post-tribbers do not hold to the same basic scenario as the Early Church Fathers, is another misrepresentation of the facts.
Irenaeus, while reproving certain Christians for too much speculation, by trying to figure out the name of Antichrist based on the Greek letters for the number 666, wrote that believers should wait for the Roman empire to break up into ten regions ruled by ten kings, then Antichrist would be made known, and Christians could recognize him by the number 666.
|
Irenaeus: (AD. 120-202) "Moreover, another danger, by no means trifling, shall overtake those who falsely presume that they know the name of Antichrist. For if these men assume one [number], when this [Antichrist] shall come having another, they will be easily led away by him, as supposing him not to be the expected one, who must be guarded against. These men, therefore, ought to learn [what really is the state of the case], and go back to the true number of the name, that they be not reckoned among false prophets. But, knowing the sure number declared by Scripture, that is, six hundred sixty and six, let them await, in the first place, the division of the kingdom into ten; then, in the next place, when these kings are reigning, and beginning to set their affairs in order, and advance their kingdom, [let them learn] to acknowledge that he who shall come claiming the kingdom for himself, and shall terrify those men of whom we have been speaking, having a name containing the aforesaid number, is truly the abomination of desolation. ... It is therefore more certain, and less hazardous, to await the fulfillment of the prophecy, than to be making surmises, and casting about for any names that may present themselves, inasmuch as many names can be found possessing the number mentioned; and the same question will, after all, remain unsolved. ... But he indicates the number of the name now, that when this man comes we may avoid him, being aware who he is: ... But when this Antichrist shall have devastated all things in this world, he will reign for three years and six months, and sit in the temple at Jerusalem; and then the Lord will come from heaven in the clouds, in the glory of the Father, sending this man and those who follow him into the lake of fire; but bringing in for the righteous the times of the kingdom, that is, the rest, the hallowed seventh day; and restoring to Abraham the promised inheritance, in which kingdom the Lord declared, that many coming from the east and from the west should sit down with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob." [Irenaeus: Against Heresies, Book V, XXX] |
Irenaeus instructed believers to wait for the fulfillment of distinct prophetic events that would precede the coming of Christ. The division of the Roman Empire into ten regions, in fulfillment of Daniel's prophecy, and the appearance of Antichrist, must occur before Christians could expect to see the return of Christ. This is not a belief in "imminence" by any stretch of the imagination. Nor is it a belief that they were presently in the tribulation. Here is another quote from Irenaeus.
|
Irenaeus: (AD. 120-202) "In a still clearer light has John, in the Apocalypse, indicated to the Lord’s disciples what shall happen in the last times, and concerning the ten kings who shall then arise, among whom the empire which now rules [the earth]shall be partitioned. ... And they shall lay Babylon waste, and burn her with fire, and shall give their kingdom to the beast, and put the Church to flight. After that they shall be destroyed by the coming of our Lord." [Against Heresies, Book V, XXVI] Clickhere for more quotes showing non-imminency (Non-Java Window). |
Notice, Irenaeus used the future tense throughout when speaking of the tribulation events. All of these things were in the future from his perspective.
The orthodox Early Christians also had a clear understanding of the 70th week, that it consisted of the last seven years before Christ's second coming, and that it was entirely future. And, they placed the ministry of the two witnesses, as well as the Antichrist, within the 70th week.
|
Hippolytus: "As these things, then, are in the future, and as the ten toes of the image are equivalent to (so many) democracies, and the ten horns of the fourth beast are distributed over ten kingdoms, let us look at the subject a little more closely, and consider these matters as in the clear light of a personal survey. The golden head of the image and the lioness denoted the Babylonians; the shoulders and arms of silver, and the bear, represented the Persians and Medes; the belly and thighs of brass, and the leopard, meant the Greeks, who held the sovereignty from Alexander’s time; the legs of iron, and the beast dreadful and terrible, expressed the Romans, who hold the sovereignty at present; the toes of the feet which were part clay and part iron, and the ten horns, were emblems of the kingdoms that are yet to rise; the other little horn that grows up among them meant the Antichrist in their midst; the stone that smites the earth and brings judgment upon the world was Christ." [Treatise on Christ and Antichrist, 27,28]
"For when Daniel said, “I shall make my covenant for one week,” he indicated seven years; and the one half of the week is for the preaching of the prophets, and for the other half of the week — that is to say, for three years and a half — Antichrist will reign upon the earth. And after this his kingdom and his glory shall be taken away." [Appendix to the Works of Hippolytus, XXV] |
Had Dr. Walvoord simply mischaracterized the early Christians, one might suppose that he was just misinformed. But, there are also examples of his quoting excerpts from these documents, and omitting certain statements in the immediate context which show that the early Christians could not possibly have held to imminence! Robert Gundry, in his 1973 book, The Church and the Tribulation [p. 175], illustrated this with the following quote from the first century "Didache" [The Teaching of the Twelve Apostles].
| The Didache Chapter XVI "Watch for your life's sake. Let not your lamps be quenched, nor your loins unloosed; but be ye ready, for ye know not the hour in which the Lord cometh." [Here Walvoord, Stanton, and Pentecost[1], break off the quotation in an endeavor to make the passage establish a belief in imminence by the early Church] "... for the whole time of your faith will not profit you, if ye be not made perfect in the last time.... then shall appear the world-deceiver as Son of God, and shall do signs and wonders.... Then shall the creation of men come into the fire of trial, and many shall be made to stumble and perish; but they that endure in their faith shall be saved from under the curse itself." 1. Walvoord, BibSac, 111:200; Stanton, 221; Pentecost, 169. |