INSECT POLLINATORS
Flowers Best Friends
The main job of flowers is to attract pollinators and, in this way, to ensure the reproduction of the flowering plants. Their beautiful colors, interesting shapes and delicious scents have one purpose only: to attract pollinators.
So, who are these very important creatures? Mostly we are talking about insects: true there are some birds, bats and other small mammals, even a lizard. But the vast majority of pollinators are flying insects.
When we talk about pollinators the ones that come to mind are honey bees and butterflies, but there are also many other insects that perform this job for flowering plants, as well. There are flies, wasps, beetles and even some other insects that most people know nothing about, such as hemiptera and thrips. My favorite one is the one that pollinates the flowers of the cacao tree: a small fly, a midge, without which there would be no chocolate in this world. What a horrible thought!
It is to these very little known pollinators that I devote these pages, hoping that you learn to love them and to thank them as much as I do
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Links to Pollinator Pages
Honey bees and relatives
Wild Bees
Wasps
Flies
Butterflies
Beetles
Predators
Flower Visitors
Robbers and Cheaters
Deceitful flowers
Pollinators through the seasons: Spring, summer, fall, winter.
Fun with pollinators
Versión en español:
Con algunas fotos de polinizadores de Argentina.
Interesting facts, 1
Interesting facts, 2
Bee houses
Floral emissaries
Honey

Perils of pollinators

More references
Links to Other Pollination Pages
Photography by Beatriz Moisset. Most pictures were taken in Montgomery County and Bucks County, PA in 2002 to 2004
Pollination Homepage
Pollinators photo gallery
Forgotten Pollinators
Copyright 2002 to 2004. If you want to copy or reproduce any of these images, please contact me at:
Insect guide and forum
New Pollinators
bmoisset@aol.com
Wildflowers and pollinators
What do these two pictures have in common? More than you think.

For the answer,
click here
Literature on Flowers and Pollination

For Children:

Heller, Ruth: The Reason for a Flower
Bennett, Paul: Pollinating a Flower

For Everybody:
Meeuse, Bastian and Sean Morris. The Sex Life of Flowers
Buchmann, Stephen L. and Gary Paul Nabhan:.1997. The Forgotten Pollinators
Shepherd, Mathew, Stephen L. Buchmann, Mace Vaughan and Scott Hoffman Black. 2003.  Pollinator Conservation Handbook.

A Little more Technical
Proctor, Michael, Peter Yeo and Andrew Lack. 1996 The Natural History of Pollination
Barth, Friedrich G. 1996  Insects and Flowers. The Biology of a Partnership

Beyond Pollination (Also for Everybody)
Grissell, Eric. 2001. Insects and Gardens
Russell. Sharman Apt. 2001. Anatomy of a Rose
Hubbell, Susan. 1993. Broadsides from the Other Orders
Send your comments to:
bmoisset@aol.com
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