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~~~ important notes about your browser's settings ~~~ (skip the notes) ACCENTED VOWELS In these pages accented vowels are used. Whether you are using Microsoft Explorer, Netscape, Firefox, Safari or Opera, your browser should automatically set to the standard Western character encoding. Should this fail to happen, in order to visualize accented vowels correctly please select by hand from your browser's character encoding menu Western alphabet (ISO-8859-1). They may be visualized properly also selecting other character encodings, but not all of them. To test whether your browser displays accented vowels correctly, compare the following lines (the bottom one is a picture file):  how your browser displays them:  à è é ì ò ù À È É Ì Ò Ù what they should look like: If all the vowels and their accents match, your browser setting is compatible. It might still happen that when accented letters come together with commas, brackets, etc., funny characters are visualized in their place. Should this occur, try changing your setting to the one previously suggested. How to type these vowels using a standard keyboard is explained in paragraph 1.5. SOUND FILES Some pages contain audio files in MP3 format. Any common player (Real Player, Windows Media Player, Quick Time, WinAmp, Musicmatch Jukebox, etc. etc.) can easily read them. The use of a pair of headphones or earbuds is recommended in order to hear the pronunciation more distinctly.

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ABOUT THE LANGUAGE AND THE MAIN DIFFICULTIES FOR THE BEGINNER

~~ 1 ~~ ALPHABET AND PRONUNCIATION 1.1 - THE ALPHABET AND THE BASIC SOUNDS enlarged 1.2 - SPECIAL CLUSTERS 1.3 - ENGLISH SPELLING OF ITALIAN SOUNDS 1.4 - DOUBLE CONSONANTS enlarged 1.5 - ACCENT (STRESS) enlarged

~~ 2 ~~ GENDER AND NUMBER OF NOUNS, ADJECTIVES, ARTICLES 2.1 - GENDER AND NUMBER: STANDARD INFLECTIONS 2.2 - GENDER AND NUMBER: STANDARD INFLECTIONS (PARTICULAR CASES)   (see 2.2) 2.3 - GENDER AND NUMBER: NON-STANDARD INFLECTIONS 2.4 - ARTICLES 2.5 - THE POSITION OF ADJECTIVES enlarged

~~ 3 ~~ NUMBERS 3.1 - CARDINAL AND DECIMAL NUMBERS   (see 3.1) 3.2 - ORDINAL NUMBERS 3.3 - FRACTIONS AND ROUGH QUANTITIES (INCLUDING  UN PO' ) enlarged

~~ 4 ~~ PERSONAL PRONOUNS AND VERBS - part I 4.1 - PERSONAL PRONOUNS USED AS SUBJECTS - part I 4.2 - INDICATIVE TENSES OF ITALIAN VERBS 4.3 - THE VERB ESSERE (TO BE) - SIMPLE INDICATIVE TENSES revised · Dec 08 4.4 - THE VERB AVERE (TO HAVE) - SIMPLE INDICATIVE TENSES revised · Dec 08 4.5 - 1st CONJUGATION - SIMPLE INDICATIVE TENSES revised · Dec 08 4.6 - 2nd CONJUGATION - SIMPLE INDICATIVE TENSES 4.7 - 3rd CONJUGATION - SIMPLE INDICATIVE TENSES 4.8 - MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS

~~ 5 ~~ OTHER BASIC ELEMENTS OF THE SENTENCE 5.1 - SIMPLE PREPOSITIONS 5.2 - COMPOUND PREPOSITIONS 5.3 - POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS AND ADJECTIVES 5.4 - INTERROGATIVE AND NEGATIVE FORMS 5.5 - DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS AND ADJECTIVES 5.6 - ADJECTIVES ACTING AS NOUNS

~~ 6 ~~ VERBS - part II - COMPOUND INDICATIVE TENSES 6.1 - THE VERB ESSERE - COMPOUND INDICATIVE TENSES 6.2 - THE VERB AVERE - COMPOUND INDICATIVE TENSES 6.3 - PAST PARTICIPLES 6.4 - 1st CONJUGATION - COMPOUND INDICATIVE TENSES 6.5 - 2nd CONJUGATION - COMPOUND INDICATIVE TENSES 6.6 - 3rd CONJUGATION - COMPOUND INDICATIVE TENSES 6.7 - INFLECTING THE PAST PARTICIPLE OF COMPOUND TENSES

~~ 7 ~~ TIME AND DATES 7.1 - DAYS OF THE WEEK revised 7.2 - MONTHS AND SEASONS OF THE YEAR 7.3 - YEARS AND CENTURIES 7.4 - DATES 7.5 - WHAT TIME IS IT ? 7.6 - TIME ADVERBS AND DURATION FORMS

~~ 8 ~~ PERSONAL PRONOUNS - part II 8.1 - PERSONAL PRONOUNS AS DIRECT OBJECT revised 8.2 - PERSONAL PRONOUNS AS INDIRECT OBJECT (I.E. IN DATIVE CASE) revised 8.3 - PERSONAL PRONOUNS IN REFLEXIVE FORM 8.4 - THE VERBS SEMBRARE, PARERE AND PIACERE

~~ 9 ~~ VERBS - part III - SUBJUNCTIVE TENSES 9.1 - BASIC CONCEPTS 9.2 - PRESENT TENSE 9.3 - PAST TENSE 9.4 - PRESENT AND PAST TENSES OF VERBS ESSERE AND AVERE 9.5 - PERFECT AND PLUPERFECT 9.6 - PERFECT AND PLUPERFECT OF VERBS ESSERE AND AVERE

~~ 10 ~~ DIMINUTIVE, AUGMENTATIVE, PEJORATIVE 10.1 - DIMINUTIVE 10.2 - AUGMENTATIVE 10.3 - PEJORATIVE

~~ 11 ~~ NOUNS, ADJECTIVES AND PREPOSITIONS USED WITH GEOGRAPHIC SITES 11.1 - ADJECTIVES RELATED TO GEOGRAPHIC SITES 11.2 - MORE ABOUT GEOGRAPHIC NAMES 11.3 - ARTICLES AND PREPOSITIONS WITH GEOGRAPHIC NAMES

~~ 12 ~~ COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE 12.1 - COMPARATIVE - part I 12.2 - COMPARATIVE - part II 12.3 - RELATIVE SUPERLATIVE 12.4 - ABSOLUTE SUPERLATIVE

~~ 13 ~~ VERBS - part IV - CONDITIONAL TENSES 13.1 - BASIC CONCEPTS - VERBS ESSERE AND AVERE 13.2 - REGULAR VERBS OF THE THREE CONJUGATIONS 13.3 - THE USE OF CONDITIONAL TENSES

~~ 14 ~~ VERBS - part V - IMPERATIVE TENSE 14.1 - IMPERATIVE INFLECTIONS 14.2 - IMPERATIVE WITH PRONOUNS - NEGATIVE - GENERAL USE

~~ 15 ~~ FORMAL LEVEL OF SPEECH 15.1 - THE BASICS 15.2 - PRONOUNS AND ADJECTIVES

~~ 16 ~~ OTHER PRONOUNS 16.1 - INTERROGATIVE AND EXCLAMATIVE PRONOUNS 16.2 - RELATIVE PRONOUNS - part I 16.3 - RELATIVE PRONOUNS - part II - COMBINING PREPOSITIONS 16.4 - RELATIVE PRONOUNS - part III - THE USE OF CHI revised 16.5 - RELATIVE PRONOUNS - part IV - THE USE OF CIÒ CHE

~~ 17 ~~ CAPITAL LETTERS, COLOURS, SYLLABLES 17.1 - THE USE OF CAPITAL (UPPERCASE) LETTERS 17.2 - COLOURS USED AS NOUNS AND AS ADJECTIVES 17.3 - DIVIDING WORDS INTO SYLLABLES

~~ 18 ~~ VERBS - part VI - THE GERUND AND THE PARTICIPLES - IRREGULAR VERBS 18.1 - THE GERUND TENSE, AND THE VERB STARE 18.2 - PRESENT AND PAST PARTICIPLES 18.3 - VERBS WHOSE INFINITIVE IS CONTRACTED 18.4 - OTHER IMPORTANT IRREGULAR VERBS

~~ 19 ~~ VERBS - part VII - PASSIVE TENSES, AND OTHER USEFUL EXPRESSIONS 19.1 - PASSIVE 19.2 - TO BE HUNGRY, THIRSTY, HOT, COLD, SLEEPY 19.3 - THE POSTPONED SUBJECT 19.4 - DOUBLE NEGATIVE 19.5 - THE USE OF ALCUNO

~~ 20 ~~ ABOUT THE PRONOUNS  NE, VI AND CI/FONT> 20.1 - PARTITIVE 20.2 - MORE WAYS OF USING THE PRONOUN NE 20.3 - THE VERB ANDARSENE 20.4 - VI  AND  CI  INDICATING POSITION 20.5 - C'È  AND  CI SONO

~~ 21 ~~ TUNING THE USE OF VERBS WITH A SIMILAR MEANING 21.1 - ESSERE AND STARE 21.2 - OTHER VERBS - part I 21.3 - OTHER VERBS - part II  revised

~~ APPENDIX ~~ A.1 - ROMAN NUMERALS enlarged A.2 - PROVERBS A.3 - IDIOMS A.4 - TONGUE TWISTERS

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