Stomu Yamashta
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Stomu Yamashta, a Japanese percussionist and keyboardist has had a varied career. He has toured with the Chicago Chamber Orchestra, worked with the jazz-rock band Come to The Edge, and has recorded works by Henze and Maxwell Davies. He has written highly successful theatrical and multi-media shows like The Man From The East and Raindog, as well as the score of the "Shukumei" for the British Royal Ballet. His music has been used in films including "The Devils" and "The Man Who Fell To Earth. Mr. Yamashta studied jazz drumming at Boston's Berklee School of Jazz.
One of his earliest recorded works is Red Buddha(1971) which is performed solely with percussion instruments. However, he is most widely known for the "Go" project. Go was a super group featuring British keyboardist Steve Winwood, Jazz guitarist Al DiMeola, German synthesist Klaus Schulze, and drummer Michael Shrieve(played with Santana). Go released 3 albums, Go, Go Live in Paris, and with the departure of Steve Winwood, Go Too. Go Too is currently available on CD, but the other 2 Go albums remain out of print worldwide.
After retiring briefly to a Buddhist temple in his native Kyoto in 1980, Yamashta released a number of recordings that used synthesizers, taped sounds, orchestral instruments, and percussion. These recordings have been classified as "space music". Sea and Sky(1983), is currently available on CD. Here is a reprint of a review that I scanked off the web:
Stomu Yamashta's music is a skillful integration of environmental sound effects such as cosmic wind, water drops, and bird chirps with a variety of instrumental tones. On SEA & SKY, his talents are showcased at their best. Composed entirely by Yamashta, SEA & SKY is performed primarily on synthesizers and percussion, creating a dramatic recording that makes one think of an expansive, beautiful world that is there to be discovered in all its exciting glory. On SEA & SKY, "electronic and real orchestra fade in and out, blur into one, separate, and work together to create an aural allegory about the birth of life and the growth of knowledge" - Keyboard magazine. Yamashta's performance, along with those of Takashi Kokubo and Sen Izumi, is delightfully breathtaking.
Two of the most widely-used and mis-used phrases in the rock writers' dictionary are 'rock-classical' and 'concept album'. Anyone playing keyboards and putting a slow melody to a rhythmic backing is likely to be tagged with the former, and anyone even hinting at a story or a theme that is kept up for more than one song is praised for achieving the latter. Which wouldn't matter so much if the phrases hadn't become so debased in the process, so that when an extraordinary album like this one crops up, fulfilling both categories and a great deal more beside, it sounds misleadingly flat to use them.
Still, here goes. This is a 'rock-classical' album, in the very rare sense that it is art created from a variety of apparently contradictory influences-from 'serious' modern music to rock, jazz to electronics. Stomu, in his slightly broken English, puts it perfectly when he says his idea was to "make a giant pop classic- there should be no walls", refers back to the amazingly varied musical and theatrical projects he has been involved in the past, and says "everything up to now was practice".
This is also a genuine 'concept album', and the story that inspired and is reflected by the songs (though not explained in detail by the music) may well be expanded in later concerts, films or elaborate stage-shows. "Go" is conceived as the basis for possible multi-media experiments, maybe involving dance, mime and special electronic effects, further exploring the rock-theatrical field in which Stomu has already achieved so much.
And as if that wan't enough, this is also that great rarity, a 'super-session' album that actually works. The musicians come literally from right across the world (Japan, germany, Britain, America) and the empathy between them is remarkable. The work is obviously an important one for Stomu-it is, after all, his finest achievement yet-but it's almost as important for his two main helpers, Stevie Winwood and Mike Shrieve. Stevie has been something of a mysterious recluse since the demise of Traffic (in fact he's been taking an interest in African and Puerto Rican music, while keeping out of the public view). Re-appearing on this album, he adds a lot of organ playing, a little guitar (on Winner/Loser), and some of the most magnificent singing he has ever put down on record. For Mike Shrieve, as for Winwood, recording with Stomu marks a complete change, and also the start of a new cycle in his own career. A member of Santana until after their Borboletta album, he has since been involved in solo experimental projects (including a solo album involving electronic drumming,) and has now started a band of his own, Automatic Man. He and Stevie had both contacted Stomu to talk music, and when Stomu mentioned the "Go" project to them "it just sort of happened that we all got together". Helping the three of them out in this unique meeting of different talents are such distinguished musicians as Al DiMeola, the remarkable young guitarist from Chick Corea's band Return To Forever, and Klaus Schulze, the synthesizer wizard who has created such extraordinary effects for Tangerine Dream, Ash Ra Tempel, and on his solo works. Rosko Gee a former colleague of Stevie Winwood's in Traffic holds it all together with his bass work.
The theme of "go" is change and polarity-fantasy and reality, death and re-birth, things changing to their opposites- so it's only appropriate that this work should appear at a time when on the surface the genuinely experimental side of rock is going through a dull patch. "there are changes going on" says Stomu, "look at the success of bands like Weather Report and Return To Forever". And just as he watches the development of avant-garde and jazz-rock groups, he's also in a unique position to monitor the so-called 'serious' modern composers-having worked with them and performed their music. "You've got to watch what Stockhausen does now, and Henze", says Stomu. "They are aware of pop music now. I think they are waiting to break in that direction".
Stomu has never worried about making first moves, as his whole extraordinary career until now-and this album in particular-goes to prove. As a percussionist, he has built up a massive reputation in both the classical and jazz fields: among his varied activities he has toured with the Chicago Chamber Orchestra, recorded works by Henze and Maxwell Davies, and worked with the jazz-rock band Come To The Edge. Moving on from performing to writing, directing and composing, he has written (and taken part in) highly successful theatrical and multi-media shows like The Man From The East and Raindog, which involved acting, mime and dance as well as music. He has also toured with a band of his own-something he no longer wants to do "because of all the personal problems you get into". His music has been used in a host of films, including Russell's "The Devils" and Roeg's "The Man Who Fell To Earth". And to round all that off, he more recently wrote the score of the 'more classical'"Shukumei" for the British Royal Ballet.
All of this, says Stomu, helped prepare for "Go" which he regards as his first major work, influenced by"... all the things I've done-its my experience of music". The result is a work that, in parts, has echoes of Weather Report, Tangerine Dream, Stockhausen, Mike Oldfield, The Pink Floyd, soul music and bossa nova, and still leaves space for Stevie Winwood and Al DiMeola to show off their talents to the full. What's more, it actually works as a coherent piece of music, rather than being just a clever pastiche. To carry it all off, and get such a diverse collection of musicians inter-reacting so well, required talents of organisation and diplomacy, quite apart from composing and playing. Before the recording started he gave a party, showed NASA space films, and discussed the ideas behind the work at length, In composing, he concentrated on creating the right mood for each section, but at the same time leaving room for improvisation where needed, knowing in advance the strengths and style of each player. It was by getting this careful balance right that Stomu managed to create the right conditions for such powerful singing by Stevie Winwood, and the quite incredibly fast sensitive guitar solos by DiMeola (listen, for instance, to his playing on Man of Leo-he starts by repeating a jangling phrase with the precision of a demented metronome, the bursts out into a remarkable extended solo).
The story behind "Go" is loosely based on the game of that name, in the sense, as Stomu says, that "it's a game of chance,random and abstract, with few rules". It's also about opposites colliding, reality and fantasy shifting into one another, re-birth through suffering, and defeat turned to victory. As always with Stomu's work, the ideas are abstract, and are developed through a series of musical (or on stage musical/theatrical) cameos and set-pieces that can also be appreciated just for themselves. The one small problem about explaining the story of "Go" and relating it to the album, is that the story actually starts at the beginning of Side Two and ends at the end of Side One. While you are perfectly entitled to be conventional and play Side One followed by Side Two (as a piece of music it even sounds better that way), an explanation of what the tracks are about will have to be the other way round. Maybe this is another of Stomu's polarities.
So. The story starts (on Side Two), far out in the cosmos, with Space Requiem and then Space Song. Klause Schulze and Stomu man the battery of synthesizers and electronic hardware, Stomu's wife Hisakko plays violin, and the mood (with echoes of mid-period Pink Floyd) is of cosmic grandeur and hurtling through space. The effects to be used in any film or stage production can be imagined. Darkness, stacks of TV monitors, and that NASA film that Stomu used to inspire his musicians.
From out in space, one star looms into vision, and rushes up towards the audience until suddenly one has crash-landed on earth. Carnival is in progress-drumming, discordant sounds through bursts of brass, and a mood that echoes Stravinsky's Rites Of Spring. The dancing and celebration slowly develops into a contest-hand-to-hand fighting, wrestling, and kung-fu-in which a champion, Kurata, emerges. He is then challenged by a mysterious rival, Fu-Shen, who suddenly changes his victory into disaster by defeating him completely, and blinding him in the process. This section is reflected on the album by Ghost Machine a fast, aggressive, rockish piece, with Stevie singing and Al DiMeola adding the speedy guitar work. Kurata's defeat is then reflected by two ballads, the pastoral and melodic Time is Here, a song of re-birth and recovery from near-death, and the faster Winner/Loser which again echoes the theme of change, and victory and defeat merging into one another. Both give opportunities for more magnificent Winwood vocals.
In the second half of the story (the first side of the album) the theme becomes a little more abstract. Kurata in defeat has lost everything-his power, his status and his wife-and to find redemption and recover he goes of(f) into an ambiguous area of 'nature'. It's both a physical and a mental wilderness in which he is cared for by birds and animals, and then also by a black man who shows him that even in his blindness he can find the strength to live in a hostile environment. By suffering and surviving, by going through the fire, so to speak, he can become invulnerable. The style of the music changes again for this section. "It's like ballet", says Stomu. The orchestral, pastoral Solitude leads into a brief ballad, Nature, then into a more spacey, floating, synthesizer piece Air Over, and into more great Winwood vocals on another strong ballad, Crossing The Line. The 'line' in question is that between reality and the fantasy/mythical world of 'nature' in which Kurata makes his recovery.
Crossing back over of the world of 'reality' the blind Kurato is now strong enough to effortlessly beat Fu-Shen. Defeat has been turned to victory, and the theme for the celebration that follows is Man Of Leo. There are echoes here of soul, jazz-rock and bossa nova here, and once again there's the remarkable combination of Winwood vocals and Al DiMeola guitar.
The celebration fades away, and the story ends by pulling away from the narrow focus on the events on earth, and taking the audience back where they started, out in the depths of space. the joyous jazz-rock feel begins to break up as Schulze's synthesizers starts pushing in, and then, with the clanging of a bell that marks the return to space, it's back to the cosmic themes and the chattering rhythms of electronics, with Stellar and Space Theme. That's the end of one cycle of "Go".
It's up to Stomu, the fates, and the economics of rock-spectacular presentation, exactly what happens to "Go" from here. Maybe it will be developed into a multi-media show, maybe something different. The most important part, and the starting point for any further projects, is the music. With this album Stomu has fulfilled the promise of his earlier work by creating a style that is genuinely experimental, and really does break down the barriers.
Robin Denselow April '76The Red Buddha Theatre was formed in Japan in 1971, after working there for some months they were brought to Europe for Summer '72 by Stomu Yamash'ta, the company's producer, director, composer; in July and August they were the sensation of the Avignon Festival. After a brief but successful visit to London's I.C.A. in August they returned to France to take up residency at the Carre Thorigny, a brand new theatre in Paris' oldest district, Marais. Their stay was eventually extended to January 1973 when the Company had to leave to commence a month at the Roundhouse in London. They play perpetually to packed houses and critical acclaim seems quite normal . . .
Stomu Yamash'ta is known to us as a virtuoso percussionist, a mime and musician in whose body music seems to flame, whose mind cries through the medium of his instruments: someone, as Henze put it, who makes visible the music of our time. Now he appears in a new role, as animator\author\composer directing the Red Buddha Theatre: 35 young Japanese actors, dancers and musicians, offering an uncommonly exhilarating, attractive, fascinating theatrepiece, "The Man from the East".
Though none of the performers can have been born on August 6, 1945, they are of the generation who still live in its shadow:rejecting the ethos of a society which madethat possible, but embracing things like love, and laughter, and the beauty of nature. Also the beauty of art. There is nothing sloppy about the show which is enacted by disciplined bodies, and played by musicians of fine tempered technique. Stomu draws freely from many sources: kabuki, traditional Japanese music, pop. The Edge, the Western group with whom he has often worked, also take part in this.
Though there is horror in the piece, there is and the gaiety of which marks the work of Bread and Puppets, but less despair easy vitality. They make one feel that there is hope for the world when young people can be so open; can shake off their fathers' guilt by having no part in their meaner ways of thinking; when they can so merrily and unbitterly mock the life of crowded subways, supermarkets, and offices where the telephone rings nonstop. Illusion perhaps, but a good, happy illusion a dream which more and more young people are endeavouring to live, and a good dream for the middleaged, caught in the horrid life, to enjoy whenever they can. A dream which Stomu and his accomplished ensemble communicate with elegant exhuberance.
Andrew Porter Financial Times 15 August 1972
MUSICIANS left to right: Morris Pert, Alyn Ross, Peter Robinson, Maggie Newlands, Phil Plant, Hisako Yamash'ta, Shiro Murata, Yoshio Taeira, Robin Thomson, Hideo Funamato, Joji Hirota and Gary Boyle.
SIDE 1
Sunrise 2.50
My Little Friend 4.00
What a Way to Live in Modern Times 10.00
Mountain Pass 3.35
SIDE 2
Mandala 11.35
Memory of Hiroshima 8.40
ALL COMPOSITIONS BY STOMU YAMASH'TA
(P) 1973 ISLAND RECORDS LTD.
Tracks (iii) & (v) were recorded live at the Carre Thorigny Theatre Paris on 30th October 1972; the remainder were recorded at Advision Studios, London, in November 1972. Gary Martin engineered both sessions, his contributions were indispensable thanks Gary.
This is the first recording to be made by Morris Pert's new group, as yet unnamed, formed after the disintegration of Come To The Edge. It is a trio consisting of Morris on kit, Peter Robinson on Fender Piano and Alyn Ross on bass guitar; they played on the studio tracks. The complete list of musicians on tracks (i) (ii) (iv) (vi) is as follows:
Stomu Yamash'ta various percussion
Morris Pert drums and percussion
Peter Robinson electric piano
Alyn Ross bass guitar
Gary Boyle guitar (vi) only
Rohin Thompson soprano saxophone (iv) only
The musicians on tracks (iii) and (v) were as follows:
Stomu Yamash'ta marimba, shamisen, hand drum, fimpani and assorted percussion
Hisako Yamash'ta violin and shamisen
Joji Hirota claves and vocal
Hideo Funamoto triangle , cowbells and assorted percussion
Shiro Murata flute
Yoshio Taeira piano
Goro Kunii vocal
Mikako Takeshita laughter
Morris Pert drums and percussion
Maggie Newlands organ
Phil Plant bass guitar
A L**ner Enterprise Production
STOMU YAMASH'TA
The idea of music being visible can hardly be more convincingly perceived than in the playing of this musician. To begin with, sound, for Yamash'ta, is not an abstraction, but a mental and physical necessity. He is unable to execute musical textures per se: music to him means words, messages, calls, and self-affirmation, as though he were saying: Listen! I am still alive! Still alive!
Aggression and defence are in his work. He knows everything about silence; that is why he unchains these acoustic outrages. He sniper-fires into the darkness of besieged cities, stops, waiting for an answer, shoots again. He remembers the ceremonial gestures of his ancestors' music as signals for anxieties and threats. His ears investigate both minerals and tissues. He is not bothered by conservative conceptions whatsoever. His researches lead him to surpass his domains: Kabuki, rock, the classic timpani, and the achievements of the music of the late sixties. He is at the exit, on the way to another beauty and to different music-making. His is a commentary on the Revolution, department Utopia.
Hans Werner Henze
Prison Song
The Leg-irons
(from the Prison Diary of Ho Chi Minh)
With hungry mouth open like a wicked monster,
Each night the irons devour the legs of people:
The jaws grip the right leg of every prisoner:
Only the left is free to bend and stretch.
Yet there is one thing stranger in this world:
People rush in to place their legs in irons.
Once they are shackled, they can sleep in peace.
Otherwise they would have no place to lay their heads.
The sounds on the pre-recorded tape represent noises from the outside of the prison cell: the corridors of the jail, the jailer's voice, the jailer's footsteps, and, from the streets beyond: indefinable fragments of music, perpetual breathing.
The performer (speaker and player are one person) represents the prisoner. Alone with himself, he draws sounds out of bamboo flutes, of wooden and metal objects he finds in the cell, trying to match them to the street noises, thus creating a connection. This is the 'play', the 'action' which the poem above develops, and to which the musical composition is meant to be related as a servant.
The work was specially written for this recording in November 1971.
Hans Werner Henze
Seasons
This work was composed in 1970, and exists in two different versions, to be performed either by four players or only one player. The instruments used are made of metal, except the trombone, which is specially made of glass. These instruments were made by François and Bernard Baschet, who also kindly lent them for this recording. The player or players respond to each other and the pre-recorded tape, which was especially prepared by myself.
Seasons is the natural gentle variation in the seasons in Japan, whose subtle changes I feel, even though imperceptible to our eyes. This is expressed by the individual tones of the musical instruments. A delicate variation develops and then suddenly changes from one contrasting sound to another until the cycle is complete.
The first performance was given by Michael Ranta and Yasunori Yamaguchi in August 1970. It was then revised, and performed by Stomu Yamash'ta in Paris at the concert of the Journées de Musique Contemporaine in 1971.
Toru Takemitsu
Turris Campanarum Sonantium
(Bell-Tower)
This piece was written for Stomu Yamash'ta in December 1970 and is played entirely on bells and metal surfaces. The performer enters the playing area very slowly, sounding a tiny Indian bell, or a set of jingles.
Section I: He moves, again very slowly, along a 'course' of eight large handbells placed in his path, sounding these in the traditional manner as he moves towards the playing position for:
Section II (Incipit Stedman Doubles). The player faces a set permutation of five numbers, each number representing a pitch, which should be sounded over a 'drone'. This is played on six cup-shaped Japanese gongs (kim), the largest of which is sounded throughout by rubbing around the rim with a leather-covered mallet. The gongs are placed on pedal timpani, which, when the pedals are worked, vary the pitch level sounding. The tempo is lento, the dynamic piano.
Section III (Incipit Double Bob) is for eight handbells, suspended, to be struck with two beaters. This touch starts at a low speed and dynamic; gradually a climax is reached by adding other metal surfaces (gongs, cymbals, etc.). the 'drone' here, chosen by Yamash'ta, consists of a tape of Japanese Buddhist monks chanting.
Section IV uses the 'set', tempo and dynamic of Section II, but now played on steel (Trinidad) drums and resonating cylinders. At the conclusion, the player leaves the playing area again sounding the small bell or jingles with which he entered.
Peter Maxwell Davies
Producer: Peter Wadland
Engineers: Trygg Tryggvason, John Dunkerley, David Frost
Recording location: Decca Studio 3, West Hampstead, November 1971
Publishers:
Linked albums(CD's) are the ones for which I have a scan of the cover.
Henze/Takemitsu/Maxwell Davies(1972, re-released on CD in 1990, and as a Japanese mini-LP CD in 2002),
Red Buddha(CD)(71),Floating Music(72)(CD), Contemporary Works(72), Stomu Yamashta's Red Buddha Theatre:The Soundtrack from "The Man from the East"(live)(CD)(73),
Freedom Is Frightening(73)(CD), Takemitsu Ishi(73), Music from the film One By One(74)(CD), Raindog(75), Go(76), Go Live
from Paris(76, recorded June 12, 1976)(CD), Go Too(CD)(1977), Hito (1980)
,Iroha(198?), Iroha-sui(1982),Iroha-ka(83), Tempest(soundtrack 1982), Sea & Sky(CD)(1983),Kukai (1984),
Solar Dream, Vol. 2: Fantasy of Sanukit(CD)(1990), Solar Dream, Vol. 1: The Eternal Present(CD)(1993),Solar Dream: Volume Three Peace And Love (CD)(1997),A Desire of Beauty & Wonder Stone Part 1(CD)(1999), Listen to the Future, Volume 1 (CD,SACD)(2001),Tofu(CD)(2002)
Go rereleases:
There have been two official re-releases of the GO series. The first, by Hip-O Select contains Go and Go Live on 2 CD's. Included are complete liner notes from the Go album. According to Hip-O Select, this is the only official re-release in the United States. For the rest of the world, Raven Records has re-released all 3 albums, also on 2 CD's. This can be purchased from amazon and other online sources as well as directly from Raven Records. Also, I am not sure if they are official re-releases or not, but all three Go albums are now available on Japanese mini-LP CDs.