Bibliography of Sticklebacks

Yazdan Keivany

Department of Fisheries
Faculty of Natural Resources
Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran


This page contains literature published since 1979 on sticklebacks (Gasterosteidae) and those not listed in Coad (1981). If you know of any literature not listed here, or notice any error, please contact me. Last updated on 29 April, 2006.


A B C D E F G H I J K L M
N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

A

  • Aaser, H.F., E. Jeppesen and M. Sondergaard. 1995. Seasonal dynamics of the mysid Neomysis integer and its predation on the copepod Eurytemora affinis in a shallow hypertrophic brackish lake. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 127(1-3): 47-56.

  • Abbasov, G.S. 1980. The ichthyofauna of the main freshwater bodies of Azerbaidzhan. Journal of Ichthyology, 20(4): 140-142.

  • Abdoli, A. 1993. Threespine stickleback in the Caspian Sea. Abzeeyan (Tehran), 3(10/11): 45.

  • Abdoli, A. 1999. Threespined stickleback in southern basins of the Caspian Sea. Abzeeyan (Tehran), 4(5): 10-13.

  • Abdoli, A. 2000. The inland water fishes of Iran. Iranian Museum of Nature and Wildlife, Tehran. 378 pp.

  • Abrahams, M.V. and L.D. Townsend. 1993. Bioluminescence in dinoflagellates: a test of the burglar alarm hypothesis. Ecology, 74(1): 258-260.

  • Abrahams, M.V. 1994. Risk of predation and its influence on the relative competitive abilities of two species of freshwater fishes. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 51(7): 1629-1633.

  • Abrahams, M.V. 1995. The interaction between antipredator behaviour and antipredator morphology: Experiments with fathead minnows and brook sticklebacks. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 73(12): 2209-2215.

  • Abrahams, M.V. 1996. Interaction between young-of-year fathead minnows and brook sticklebacks: Effects on growth and diet selection. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 125(3): 480-485.

  • Adalsteinsson, H. 1979. Size and food of arctic char Salvelinus alpinus and stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus in Lake Myvatn. Oikos, 32(1-2): 228-231.

  • Adamek, Z., V. Barus and M. Prokes. 1996. Summer diet of roach (Rutilus rutilus) infested by Ligula intestinalis (Cestoda) plerocercoids in the Dalesice Reservoir (Czech Republic). Folia Zoologica, 45(4): 347-354.

  • Adel, M.M., G.W. Esch and H.E. Eure. 1995. The distribution and pathobiology of Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus in the intestine of green sunfish, Lepomis cyanellus. Parasitology, 111(2): 221-231.

  • Aguirre, W.E., P.K. Doherty, and M.A. Bell. 2004. Genetics of Lateral Plate and Gillraker Phenotypes in a Rapidly Evolving Population of Threespine Stickleback. Behaviour, 141(11/12): 1465-1484.

  • Ahn, D. 1998. Factors Controlling Axial Variation in the Threespine Stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus (Teleostei: Gasterosteidae): Pattern of Natural Variation and Genetic/Developmental Mechanisms. University of Michigan.

  • Ahn, D.G. and G. Gibson. 1999. Axial variation in the threespine stickleback: relationship to Hox gene expression. Development Genes and Evolution, 209(8): 473-481.

  • Ahn, D.G. and G. Gibson. 1999. Expression patterns of threespine stickleback Hox genes and insights into the evolution of the vertebrate body axis. Development Genes and Evolution, 209(8): 482-494.

  • Ahnelt, H. and R.A. Patzner. 1992. [The occurrence of the ten-spined stickleback (Pungitius pungitius, Teleostei: Gasterosteidae) in Austria]. Osterreichs Fischerei, 45(2-3): 48-50.

  • Ahnelt, H., H.J. Paepke and E. Amann. 1994. Four-spined sticklebacks from the Rhine valley in Vorarlberg, Austria (Gasterosteus aculeatus: Pisces, Gasterosteidae). Osterreichs Fischerei, 47(5-6): 125-132.

  • Ahnelt, H. and E. Amann. 1994. Gasterosteus aculeatus (Pisces, Gasterosteidae) in Austria -to stand up for the three-spined stickleback? Osterreichs Fischerei, 47(1): 19-23.

  • Ahnelt, H., M. Gelnar, R. Konecny and M. Walzl. 1995. Ein fur Osterreich neuer Fischparasit der Gattung Gyrodactylus (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae). Oesterreichs Fischerei, 48(1): 13-16.

  • Ahnelt, H., M. Gelnar, R. Konecny and M. Walzl. 1995. A new fish parasite of the genus Gyrodactylus (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) for Austria. Osterreichs Fischerei, 48(1): 13-17.

  • Ahnelt, H., H. Pohl, H. Hilgers and H. Splechtna. 1998. The threespine stickleback in Austria (Gasterosteus aculeatus L., Pisces: Gasterosteidae) - morphological variations. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 100B: 395-404.

  • Akagawa, I., T. Kanda and M. Okiyama. 1998. Female mate choice through spawning parade formed by male-male competition in filefish Rudarius ercodes. Journal of Ethology, 16(2): 105-113.

  • Alagon, C.I. 1995. Datos preliminares de la distribucion del espinoso (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.), en la bahia de Txingudi. Lurralde, 18: 59-66.

  • Ali, M., M. Przybylski and R.J. Wootton. 1998. Do random fluctuations in daily ration affect the growth rate of juvenile three-spined sticklebacks? Journal of Fish Biology, 52(2): 223-229.

  • Ali, M. and R.J. Wootton. 1999. Coping with resource variation: effect of constant and variable intervals between feeding on reproductive performance at first spawning of female three-spined sticklebacks. Journal of Fish Biology, 55(1): 211-220.

  • Ali, M. and R.J. Wootton. 1999. Effect of variable food levels on reproductive performance of breeding female three-spined sticklebacks. Journal of Fish Biology, 55(5): 1040-1053.

  • Ali, M., and R.J. Wootton. 2000. Pattern of hyperphagia in immature three-spined sticklebacks after short-term food deprivation. Journal of Fish Biology, 56(3): 648-653.

  • Ali, M., and R.J. Wootton. 2001. Capacity for growth compensation in juvenile three-spined sticklebacks experiencing cycles of food deprivation. Journal of Fish Biology, 58(6): 1531-1544.

  • Allen, J.R.M. and R.J. Wootton. 1982. The Effect of Ration and Temperature on the Growth of the Three-Spined Stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Journal of Fish Biology, 20(4): 409-422.

  • Allen, J.R.M. and R.J. Wootton. 1982. Effect of food on the growth of carcase, liver and ovary in female Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Journal of Fish Biology, 21(5): 537-548.

  • Allen, J.R.M. and R.J. Wootton. 1982. Age, growth and rate of food consumption in an upland population of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Journal of Fish Biology, 21(1): 95-106.

  • Allen, J.R.M. and R.J. Wootton. 1983. Rate of food consumption in a population of threespine sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus, estimated from the faecal production. Environmental biology of fishes, 8(2): 157-162.

  • Allen, J.R.M. and R.J. Wootton. 1984. Temporal patterns in diet and rate of food consumption of the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) in Llyn Frongoch, an upland Welsh lake. Freshwater biology, 14(4): 335-346.

  • Altukhov, K.A. 1979. A contribution to the biology of early development stages of non-commercial and rare fish species from the White Sea. Voprosy Ikhtiologii, 19(6): 1079-1090.

  • Alvarez, P.P., O. Palenzuela and A. SitjaBobadilla. 1997. Ultrastructure and cytochemistry study of Goussia sparis (Protozoa: Apicomplexa) stages from the intestine of the gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata L. (Pisces: Teleostei). Parasitology Research, 83(1): 24-33.

  • Amundsen, P.A. and A. Klemetsen. 1988. Diet, gastric evacuation rates and food consumption in a stunted population of Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus L., in Takvatn, northern Norway. Journal of Fish Biology, 33(5): 697-709.

  • Amundsen, P.A. 1994. Piscivory and cannibalism in Arctic charr. Journal of Fish Biology, 45: 181-189.

  • Anadon, R., F. Adrio and I. RodriguezMoldes. 1998. Distribution of GABA immunoreactivity in the central and peripheral nervous system of amphioxus (Branchiostoma lanceolatum Pallas). Journal of Comparative Neurology, 23(3): 293-307.

  • Andersen, K.I. and E.T. Valtonen. 1992. Segregation and co-occurrence of larval cestodes in freshwater fishes in the Bothnian Bay, Finland. Parasitology, 104(1): 161-168.

  • Andersson, E., I. Mayer and B. Borg. 1988. Inhibitory effect of 11-ketoandrostenedione and androstenedione on spermatogenesis in the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Journal of Fish Biology, 33(6): 835-840.

  • Andersson, E., B. Borg and R. de Leeuw. 1989. Characterization of gonadotropin-releasing hormone binding sites in the pituitary of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 76(1): 41-45.

  • Andersson, E., B. Borg and J.T. Goos Henk. 1992. Temperature, but not photoperiod, influences gonadotropin-releasing hormone binding in the pituitary of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 88(1): 111-116.

  • Andersson, E., J. Bogerd, B. Borg, P.J. Sharp, N.M. Sherwood and H.J.T. Goos. 1995. Characterization and localization of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the brain and pituitary of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Cell and Tissue Research, 279(3): 485-493.

  • Andraso, G.M. 1994. Trade-off between defensive morphology and escape response efficiency in the brook stickleback, Culaea inconstans. 1994 Midwest Animal Behavior Conference, Carbondale IL (USA).

  • Andraso, G.M. and J.N. Barron. 1995. Evidence for a trade-off between defensive morphology and startle-response performance in the brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 73(6): 1147-1153.

  • Andraso, G.M. 1997. A comparison of startle response in two morphs of the brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans): further evidence for a trade-off between defensive morphology and swimming ability. Evolutionary Ecology, 11(1): 83-90.

  • Andriulionis, D. and E. Bukelskis. 1998. Nutrition of unprofitable fish in Arnioniu and Arvydu fish farming ponds. Fishery and aquaculture in LithuaniaSociety of Hydrobiologists, Vilnius, 3(2): 179-188.

  • Anker, G.C. 1978. Analyses of respiration and feeding movements of the three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Netherlands Journal of Zoology, 28(3-4): 485-523.

  • Anonymous. 1978. The toxicity of dissolved zinc to the stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus L. and the fate of absorbed zinc within the body. Queen Elizabeth College. London University. London.

  • Antholz, B., A.W. Meyer and C.D. Zander. 1991. Feeding activities of two euryhaline small-sized fish in a western Baltic brackish fjord. Helgolander Meeresuntersuchungen, 45(3): 287-300.

  • Araujo, F.G., R.G. Bailey and W.P. Williams. 1999. Spatial and temporal variations in fish populations in the upper Thames estuary. Journal of Fish Biology, 55(4): 836-853.

  • Armantrout, N.B. 1980. The freshwater fishes of Iran. Oregon State University. Department of Fisheries: 472.

  • Arnqvist, G. and S. Henriksson. 1997. Sexual cannibalism in the fishing spider and a model for the evolution of sexual cannibalism based on genetic constraints. Evolutionary Ecology, 11(3): 255-273.

  • Arnqvist, G. and F. Johansson. 1998. Ontogenetic reaction norms of predator-induced defensive morphology in dragonfly larvae. Ecology, 79(6): 1847-1858.

  • Audet, C., G. FitzGerald and H. Guderley. 1983. Environmental and endogenous control of salinity preferences of two sympatric species of sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus and Apeltes quadracus. 67th Annual Meeting of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, Chicago.

  • Audet, C., G.J. Fitzgerald and H. Guderley. 1985. Prolactin and cortisol control of salinity preferences in Gasterosteus aculeatus and Apeltes quadracus. Behaviour, 93(1-4): 36-55.

  • Audet, C., G.J. FitzGerald and H. Guderley. 1985. Salinity preferences of four sympatric species of sticklebacks (Pisces: Gasterosteidae) during their reproductive season. Copeia, 1985(1): 209-213.

  • Audet, C., G.J. Fitzgerald and H. Guderley. 1986. Photoperiod effects on plasma cortisol levels in Gasterosteus aculeatus. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 61(1): 76-81.

  • Audet, C., G.J. FitzGerald and H. Guderley. 1986. Environmental control of salinity preferences in four sympatric species of sticklebacks: Gasterosteus aculeatus, Gasterosteus wheatlandi, Pungitius pungitius and Apeltes quadracus. Journal of Fish Biology, 28(6): 725-739.

  • Axelsson, B. and L. Norrgren. 1991. Parasite frequency and liver anomalies in three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus (L.), after long-term exposure to pulp mill effluents in marine microcosms. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 21(4): 505-513.

  • Ayvazian, S.G. and W.H. Krueger. 1992. Lateral plate ontogeny in the North American ninespine stickleback, Pungitius occidentalis. Copeia, 1992(1): 209-214.

  • Ayvazian, S.G. 1993. Observations of asymmetric reproduction along a morphocline of the blackspotted stickleback, Gasterosteus wheatlandi. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 71(7): 1477-1479. top

    B

  • Baden, S.P. and L. Pihl. 1984. Abundance, biomass and production of mobile epibenthic fauna in Zostera marina (L.) meadows, western Sweden. Ophelia, 23(1): 65-90.

  • Baerends, G.P. 1985. Do the dummy experiments with sticklebacks support the IRM-concept? Behaviour, 93(1-4): 258-278.

  • Baggerman, B. 1972. Photoperiodic responses in the stickleback and their control by a daily rhythm of photosensitivity, General and Comparative Endocrinology, 3(Supplement 1): 466-476.

  • Baggerman, B. 1983. Daily and annual biological rhythms underlying reproductive photoperiodicity in the stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus L. 113th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society, Milwaukee, WI (USA).

  • Baggerman, B. 1985. The role of biological rhythms in the photoperiodic regulation of seasonal breeding in the stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Netherlands Journal of Zoology, 31(1-2): 14-31.

  • Baggerman, B. 1989. On the relationship between gonadal development and response time to photostimulation of sticklebacks living under natural conditions and under constant short-day conditions for long periods of time. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 67(1): 126-135.

  • Bahlo, K. 1988. The fish fauna of smaller running waters in the district of Northeim (South Lower Saxony) with notes on its endangering. Braunschw. Naturkd. Schr., 3(1): 121-135.

  • Baillie, S.J. 1994. Summary of the 1993 coho salmon smolt trapping operations on the Lachmach River, British Columbia. Can. Data Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci.,(936): 1-48.

  • Baker, J.A. 1994. Life history variation in female threespine stickleback. In M. A. Bell and S. A. Foster. Ed.^Eds. Evolutionary biology of the threespine stickleback. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 1: 145-187.

  • Baker, J.A., S.A. Foster and M.A. Bell. 1995. Armor morphology and reproductive output in threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 44(1-3): 225-233.

  • Baker, J.A., S.A. Foster, D.C. Heins, M.A. Bell and R.W. King. 1998. Variation in female life-history traits among Alaskan populations of the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. (Pisces: Gasterosteidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 63(1): 141-159.

  • Baker, J.A. 1998. The Allometry of Reproduction in Female Threespine Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). University of Arkansas.

  • Baker, J.M.R. 1999. Abundance and survival rates of great crested newts (Triturus cristatus) at a pond in central England: Monitoring individuals. Herpetological Journal, 9(1): 1-8.

  • Bakker, T.C.M. and P. Sevenster. 1983. Determinants of dominance in male sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.). Behaviour, 86(1-2): 55-70.

  • Bakker, T.C.M. 1985. Two-way selection for aggression in juvenile, female and male sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.), with some notes on hormonal factors. Behaviour, 93(1-4): 69-81.

  • Bakker, T.C.M. and P. Sevenster. 1988. Plate morphs of Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus (Pisces: Gasterosteidae): Comments on terminology. Copeia, 1988(3): 659-663.

  • Bakker, T.C.M. and E. Feuth De Bruijn. 1988. Juvenile territoriality in stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Animal Behavior, 36(5): 1556-1558.

  • Bakker, T.C.M. and P. Sevenster. 1989. Changes in the sexual tendency accompanying selection for aggressiveness in the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Journal of Fish Biology, 34(2): 233-243.

  • Bakker, T.C.M., E. Feuth De Bruijn and P. Sevenster. 1989. Asymmetrical effects of prior winning and losing on dominance in sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus ). Ethology, 82(3): 224-229.

  • Bakker, T.C.M. and M. Milinski. 1991. Sequential female choice and the previous male effect in sticklebacks. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 29(3): 205-210.

  • Bakker, T.C.M. 1992. Female mating preference and preferred male trait show positive genetic correlation in stickleback. Fourth International Behavioral Ecology Congress, Princeton NJ (USA).

  • Bakker, T.C.M. and M. Milinski. 1993. The advantages of being red: sexual selection in the stickleback. Marine Behaviour and Physiology, 23(1-4): 287-300.

  • Bakker, T.C.M. 1993. Positive genetic correlation between female preference and preferred male ornament in sticklebacks. Nature, 363(6426): 255-257.

  • Bakker, T.C.M. 1994. Genetic correlations and the control of behavior, exemplified by aggressiveness in sticklebacks. Advances in the Study of Behavior, 23: 135-171.

  • Bakker, T.C.M. 1994. Evolution of aggressive behaviour in the threespine stickleback. In M. A. Bell and S. A. Foster. Ed.^Eds. Evolutionary biology of the threespine stickleback. Oxford University Press, Oxford. : 345-380.

  • Bakker, T.C.M. and B. Mundwiler. 1994. Female mate choice and male red coloration in a natural three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) population. Behavioral Ecology, 5(1): 74-80.

  • Bakker, T.C.M. and P. Sevenster. 1995. Sticklebacks as models for animal behaviour and evolution. Papers read at the Second International Symposium on Stickleback Behaviour. Part one. Behaviour, 132(13-14): 907-1105.

  • Bakker, T.C.M. and W.J. Rowland. 1995. Male mating preference in sticklebacks: effects of repeated testing and own attractiveness. Behaviour, 132(13-14): 935-949.

  • Bakker, T.C.M., D. Mazzi and S. Zala. 1997. Parasite-induced changes in behavior and color make Gammarus pulex more prone to fish predation. Ecology, 78(4): 1098-1104.

  • Bakker, T.C.M. and B. Mundwiler. 1999. Pectoral fin size in a fish species with paternal care: a condition-dependent sexual trait revealing infection status. Freshwater Biology, 41(3): 543-551.

  • Bakker, T.C.M., R. Kunzler and D. Mazzi. 1999. Sexual selection - Condition-related mate choice in sticklebacks. Nature, 401(6750): 234.

  • Balshine, E.S. and A. Lotem. 1998. Individual recognition in a cooperatively breeding cichlid: Evidence from video playback experiments. Behaviour, 135(3): 369-386.

  • Banbura, J. 1994. A new model of lateral plate morph inheritance in the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 88(6-7): 871-876.

  • Banbura, J. 1994. Lateral plate morph differentiation of freshwater and marine populations of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, in Poland. Journal of Fish Biology, 44(5): 773-783.

  • Banbura, J. and T.C.M. Bakker. 1995. Lateral plate morph genetics revisited: Evidence for a fourth morph in three-spined sticklebacks. Behaviour, 132(15/16): 1153-1171.

  • Barber, I. 2003. Parasites and size-assortative schooling in three-spined sticklebacks. Oikos, 101(2): ýý331-337.ý

  • Barber, I. and F.A. Huntingford. 1995. The effect of Schistocephalus solidus (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea) on the foraging and shoaling behaviour of three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Behaviour, 132(15/16): 1223-1240.

  • Barber, I., F.A. Huntingford and D.W.T. Crompton. 1995. The effect of hunger and cestode parasitism on the shoaling decisions of small freshwater fish. Journal of Fish Biology, 47(3): 524-536.

  • Barber, I. and F.A. Huntingford. 1996. Parasite infection alters schooling behaviour: Deviant positioning of helminth-infected minnows in conspecific groups. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences, 263: 1095-1102.

  • Barber, I. 1997. A non-invasive morphometric technique for estimating cestode plerocercoid burden in small freshwater fish. Journal of Fish Biology, 51(3): 654-658.

  • Barber, I. and G.D. Ruxton. 1998. Temporal prey distribution affects the competitive ability of parasitized sticklebacks. Animal Behavior, 56(6): 1477-1483.

  • Barber, I., L.C. Downey and V.A. Braithwaite. 1998. Parasitism, oddity and the mechanism of shoal choice. Journal of Fish Biology, 53(6): 1365-1368.

  • Barber, I., S.A. Arnott, V.A. Braithwaite, J. Andrew, W. Mullen, and F.A. Huntingford. 2000. Carotenoid-based sexual coloration and body condition in nesting male sticklebacks. Journal of Fish Biology, 57(3): 777-790.

  • Barber, I., P. Walker, P.A. Svensson. 2004. Behavioural Responses to Simulated Avian Predation in Female Three Spined Sticklebacks: The Effect of Experimental Schistocephalus Solidus Infections. Behaviour, 141(11/12): 1425-1441.

  • Bardsley, L. and T.J.C. Beebee. 1998. Interspecific competition between larvae is not an important structuring force in mixed communities of Rana and Bufo on an English sand-dune system. Ecography, 21(5): 449-456.

  • Barki, A. and G.L. Volpato. 1998. Early social environment and the fighting behaviour of young Oreochromis niloticus (Pisces, Cichlidae). Behaviour, 135(7): 913-929.

  • Barlow, G.W. 1994. Review of "The evolutionary biology of the threespine stickleback". Quarterly Review of Biology, 69: 494-498.

  • Barlow, G.W. and P. Siri. 1997. Does sexual selection account for the conspicuous head dimorphism in the Midas cichlid? Animal Behavior, 53(3): 573-584.

  • Barthelmes, D., K.D. Kuehnel, S. Ewald and P. Doering. 1998. Populations of fish and amphibians in limnologically different pond-like water bodies and some implications concerning their joint occurrence. Fischoekologie,(11): 35-46.

  • Bass, C.S. and J.S. Weis. 1999. Behavioral changes in the grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio (Holthuis), induced by the parasitic isopod, Probopyrus pandalicola (Packard). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 241(2): 223-233.

  • Batzer, D.P. and V.H. Resh. 1992. Macroinvertebrates of a California seasonal wetland and responses to experimental habitat manipulation. Wetlands, 12(1): 1-7.

  • Baube, C.L., W.J. Rowland and J.B. Fowler. 1995. The mechanisms of colour-based mate choice in female threespine sticklebacks: hue, contrast and configurational cues. Behaviour, 132(13-14): 979-996.

  • Baube, C.L. 1997. Manipulations of signalling environment affect male competitive success in three-spined sticklebacks. Animal Behavior, 53(4): 819-833.

  • Baumgartner, J.V. and M.A. Bell. 1984. Lateral plate morph variation in California populations of the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Evolution, 38(3): 665-674.

  • Baumgartner, J.V. 1986. The genetics of differentiation in a stream population of the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Heredity, 57(2): 199-208.

  • Baumgartner, J.V. 1987. Phenotypic and genetic aspects of morphological differentiation in the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Department of ecology and evolution. University of California. Sunny Brook: 179.

  • Baumgartner, J.V., M.A. Bell and P.H. Weinberg. 1988. Body form differences between the Enos Lake species pair of threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus complex). 66(2): 467-474.

  • Baumgartner, J.V. 1991. Spatial variation of morphology in a freshwater population of the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 70: 1140-1148.

  • Baumgartner, J.V. 1995. Phenotypic, genetic, and environmental integration of morphology in a stream population of the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 52(6): 1307-1317.

  • Beauchamp, D.A. 1994. Spatial and temporal dynamics of piscivory: Implications for food web stability and the transparency of Lake Washington. Lake Reservoir Management, 9(1): 151-154.

  • Beaver, B.J. and J.H. Gee. 1988. Role of water current and related variables in determining buoyancy in the sticklebacks Culaea inconstans and Pungitius pungitius. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 66(9): 2006-2014.

  • Beckedorf, R. and H.J. Schubert. 1995. [Function control of fishways at the dam of Geesthacht]. NIEDERSAECHSISCHES LANDESAMT FUER OEKOLOGIE, HILDESHEIM (FRG).

  • Beeching, S.C., S.H. Gross, H.S. Bretz and E. Hariatis. 1998. Sexual dichromatism in convict cichlids: the ethological significance of female ventral coloration. Animal Behavior, 56(4): 1021-1026.

  • Beklioglu, M. and B. Moss. 1998. The effects of tench (Tinca tinca (L.)) and sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) on planktonic and benthic communities in mesocosms in a shallow lake. Aquatic Ecology, 32(3): 229-240.

  • Belanger, G., H. Guderley and G.J. FitzGerald. 1987. Salinity during embryonic development influences the response to salinity of Gasterosteus aculeatus L. (trachurus ). 65(2): 451-454.

  • Bell, A.M. 2001. Effects of an endocrine disrupter on courtship and aggressive behaviour of male three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Animal Behaviour, 62(4): 775-780.

  • Bell, A.M. 2001. Gasterosteus aculeatus. Animal Behaviour, 62(4): 775-780.

  • Bell, A.M. 2004. An endocrine disrupter increases growth and risky behavior in threespined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Hormones and Behavior, 45 (2): 108-114.

  • Bell, M.A. 1973. Pleistocene threespine sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus (Pisces), from Southern California. Journal of Paleontology, 47(3): 479-483.

  • Bell, M.A. 1973. The pliocene stickleback, Pungitius haynesi, a junior synonym of Gasterosteus aculeatus. Copeia, 1973(3): 588-590.

  • Bell, M.A. 1976. Reproductive character displacement in threespine sticklebacks. Evolution, 30(4): 847-848.

  • Bell, M.A. 1976. Gasterosteus aculeatus superspecies on the pacific coast of North America. Systematic Zoology, 25: 211-227.

  • Bell, M.A. 1977. A late Miocene Threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculatus aculatus, and its zoogeography and evolutionary significance. Copeia, 1977(2): 277-282.

  • Bell, M.A. and T.R. Haglund. 1978. Selective predation of threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) by garter snakes. Evolution, 32(2): 304-319.

  • Bell, M.A. 1979. Low-plate morph of the three-spine stickleback breeding in salt water. Copeia, 1979(3): 529-533.

  • Bell, M.A. and K.E. Richkind. 1981. Clinical variation of lateral plates in threespine stickleback fish. American Naturalist, 117(2): 113-132.

  • Bell, M.A. 1981. Lateral plate polymorphism and ontogeny of the complete plate morph of threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus ). Evolution, 35(1): 67-74.

  • Bell, M.A. 1982. Differentiation of Adjacent Stream Populations of Threespine Sticklebacks. Evolution, 36(1): 189-199.

  • Bell, M.A. and T.R. Haglund. 1982. Fine-scale temporal variation of the Miocene stickleback Gasterosteus doryssus. Paleobiology, 8(3): 282-292.

  • Bell, M.A. 1982. Melanism in a high elevation of Gasterosteus aculeatus. Copeia, 1982(4): 829-835.

  • Bell, M.A. 1984. Gigantism in threespine sticklebacks: Implications for causation of body size evolution. Copeia, 1984(2): 530-534.

  • Bell, M.A. and J.V. Baumgartner. 1984. An unusual population of Gasterosteus aculeatus from Boston, Massachusetts. Copeia, 1984(1): 258-262.

  • Bell, M.A. 1984. Evolutionary phenetics and genetics: The threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus , and related species. In B. J. Turner. Ed.^Eds. Evolutionary Genetics of Fishes. : 431-527.

  • Bell, M.A. and E.I. Harris. 1985. Developmental osteology of the pelvic complex of Gasterosteus aculeatus. Copeia, 1985(3): 789-792.

  • Bell, M.A., J.F. Baumgartner and E.C. Olson. 1985. Patterns of temporal changes in single morphological characters of a Miocene stickleback fish. Paleobiology, 11(3): 258-271.

  • Bell, M.A. 1987. Interacting evolutionary constraints in pelvic reduction of threespine sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus (Pisces, Gasterosteidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 31(4): 347-382.

  • Bell, M.A., M.S. Sadagurskey and J.V. Baumgartner. 1987. Utility of lacustrine deposits for the study of variation within fossil samples. Palaios, 2: 455-466.

  • Bell, M.A. and P. Legendre. 1987. Multicharacter choronological clustering in a sequence of fossil sticklebacks. Systematic Zoology, 36(1): 52-61.

  • Bell, M.A. 1988. Stickleback fishes: Bridging the gap between population biology and paleobiology. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 3(12): 320-325.

  • Bell, M.A., C.E. Wells and J.A. Marshal. 1989. Mass-mortality layers of fossil stickleback fish: catastrophic kills of polymorphic schools. Evolution, 43(3): 607-619.

  • Bell, M.A., G. Orti, J.A. Walker and J.P. Koenings. 1992. Evolution of pelvic reduction in threespine stickleback fish: A test of competing hypotheses. Evolution, 47(3): 906-914.

  • Bell, M.A. and S.A. Foster. 1994. The evolutionary biology of the threespine stickleback. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

  • Bell, M.A. and S.A. Foster. 1994. Introduction to the evolutionary biology of the threespine stickleback. In M. A. Bell and S. A. Foster. Ed.^Eds. Evolutionary biology of the threespine stickleback. Oxford University Press, Oxford. : 1-27.

  • Bell, M.A. 1994. Palaeobiology and evolution of the threespine stickleback. In M. A. Bell and S. A. Foster. Ed.^Eds. Evolutionary biology of the threespine stickleback. Oxford University Press, Oxford. : 438-471.

  • Bell, M.A. and G. Orti. 1994. Pelvic reduction in threespine stickleback from Cook Inlet lakes: Geographical distribution and intrapopulation variation. Copeia, 1994(2): 314-325.

  • Bell, M.A. 1995. Intraspecific systematics of Gasterosteus aculeatus populations: Implications for behavioral ecology. Behaviour, 132(15-16): 1131-1152.

  • Bell, M.A. 1995. Sticklebacks: A model for behavior evolution. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 10(3): 101-103.

  • Bell, M.A. 1995. The ecology of resource polymorphism in vertebrates. Trends In Ecology and Evolution, 11(1): 25-26.

  • Bell, M.A. 1996. The ecology of resource polymorphism in vertebrates. Trends In Ecology and Evolution, 11(1): 25-26.

  • Bell, M.A. and C.A. Andrews. 1997. Evolutionary consequences of postglacial colonization of fresh water by primitively anadromous fishes. Exs, 82: 323-363.

  • Belles, I.J.C., D. Cloutier and G.J. Fitzgerald. 1990. Female cannibalism and male courtship tactics in threespine sticklebacks. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 26(5): 363-368.

  • Belles, I.J.C. and G.J. FitzGerald. 1991. Filial cannibalism in sticklebacks: a reproductive management strategy? Ethology Ecology and Evolution, 3(1): 49-62.

  • Belles, I.J.C. and G.J. Fitzgerald. 1993. A fitness advantage of cannibalism in female sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.). Ethology Ecology and Evolution, 5(2): 187-191.

  • Benjamin, M. 1978. Cytological changes in prolactin, ACTH, and growth hormone cells of the pituitary gland of Pungitius pungitius L. in response to increased environmental salinities. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 36(1): 48-58.

  • Benjamin, M. 1979. Comparative ultrastructural studies on the prolactin cells in the pituitary of nine-spined sticklebacks, Pungitius pungitius L., with and without adenohypophyseal cysts. Zoomorphologie, 93(2): 125-135.

  • Benjamin, M. 1980. A correlation between pituitary and integumentary structure in the nine-spined stickleback, Pungitius pungitius L. Acta Zoologica, 61(2): 105-109.

  • Benjamin, M. 1981. Factors Associated With the Seasonal Variation in the Incidence of Pituitary Cysts in Nine-Spined Sticklebacks, Pungitius pungitius L. Acta Zoologica, 62(2): 121-128.

  • Benjamin, M. 1981. The origin of pituitary cysts in the rostral pars distalis of the nine-spined stickleback, Pungitius pungitius L. Cell and Tissue Research, 214(2): 417-430.

  • Benjamin, M. 1982. The ACTH cells in the pituitary gland of the nine-spined stickleback, Pungituis pungitius L. Journal of Anatomy, 135(1): 155-164.

  • Benjamin, M. 1985. Experimental studies on cysts in the prolactin zone of the pituitary in the 9-spined stickleback, Pungitius pungitius L. Journal of Comparative Pathology, 95(1): 57-64.

  • Benjamin, M. 1985. A dissecting aneurysm in the bulbus arteriosus of a brook stickleback, Culaea inconstans. Journal of Comparative Pathology, 95(1): 37-43.

  • Benjamin, M. and J.G. Williams. 1979. Pituitary cysts in the nine-spined stickleback, Pungitius pungitius L. 1. Seasonal changes and salinity transfer experiments. Acta Zoologica, 60(4): 233-240.

  • Benjamin, M. and J.G. Williams. 1979. Pituitary cysts in the nine-spined stickleback, Pungitius pungitius L. 2. Light and electron microscopy. Acta Zoologica, 60(4): 241-250.

  • Benjamin, M., D. Norman, R.M. Santer and D. Scarborough. 1983. Histological, histochemical and ultrastructural studies on the bulbus arteriosus of the sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus and Pungitius pungitius (Pisces: Teleostei). Journal of Zoology, 200(3): 325-346.

  • Benjamin, M.G., E.E. Moodie and D. Cone. 1987. Pituitary cysts and concretions in the Gasterosteidae (Teleostei). Journal of Comparative Pathology, 97: 149-157.

  • Bennike, O. 1997. Quaternary vertebrates from Greenland: A review. Quaternary Science Reviews, 16(8): 899-909.

  • Bentzen, P. and J.D. McPhail. 1984. Ecology and evolution of sympatric sticklebacks (Gasterosteus ): Specialization for alternative trophic niches in the Enos Lake species pair. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 62(11): 2280-2286.

  • Bentzen, P., M.S. Ridgway and J.D. McPhail. 1984. Ecology and evolution of sympatric sticklebacks (Gasterosteous ): Spatial segregation and seasonal habitat shifts in the Enos Lake species pair. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 62(12): 2436-2439.

  • Berg, L.S. 1907. A review of the species of the ten-spined sticklebacks or Pygosteus from East Asia. Proc. U.S. Nation. Mus., 32(1536): 451-454.

  • Berg, O.K. 1984. Comparison between the distributions of land-locked Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. and three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus L. in the river Namsen, Norway. Fauna Norvegica, Series A, 5: 37-41.

  • Berg, S., C. Krog, B. Muus, J. Nielsen, R. Fricke, R. Berghahn, T. Neudecker and W.J. Wolff. 1995. Red list of lampreys and marine fishes of the Wadden Sea. Red Lists of Biotopes, Flora and Fauna of Trilateral Wadden Sea Area, 50(Suppl): 101-105.

  • Bergeron, E., L.N. Measures and J. Huot. 1997. Experimental transmission of Otostrongylus circumlitus (Railliet, 1899) (Metastrongyloidea: Crenosomatidae), a lungworm of seals in eastern arctic Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 75(9): 1364-1371.

  • Bergersen, R. and A. Klemetsen. 1988. Freshwater eel Anguilla anguilla (L.) from North Norway, with emphasis on occurrence, food, age and downstream migration. Nordic Journal of Freshwater Research, 64: 54-66.

  • Bergersen, R. 1993. Freshwater fish and invertebrates of Qorlortorsuaq, Vatnahverfi, south Greenland. Tromura Naturvitenskap, 73: 1-71.

  • Bergersen, R. 1996. Sticklebacks from Greenland. Journal of Fish Biology, 48(4): 799-801.

    Bergstrom, C. and T. E. Reimchen. 2000. Functional implications of fluctuating asymmetry among endemic populations of Gasterosteus aculeatus . Behavior, 137: 1097-1112.

    Bergstrom, C.A. , and T.E. Reimchen. 2002. Geographical variation in asymmetry in Gasterosteus aculeatus. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 77: 9-22

  • Bernardo, J., W.J. Resetarits, Jr. and A.E. Dunbam. 1995. Criteria for testing character displacement. Science, 268(5213): 1065-1066.

  • Bernatchez, L., J.A. Vuorinen, R.A. Bodaly and J.J. Dodson. 1996. Genetic evidence for reproductive isolation and multiple origins of sympatric trophic ecotypes of whitefish (Coregonus). Evolution, 50(2): 624-635.

  • Bernatchez, L., A. Chouinard and G.Q. Lu. 1999. Integrating molecular genetics and ecology in studies of adaptive radiation: whitefish, Coregonus sp., as a case study. Biological Journal Of The Linnean Society, 68(1-2): 173-194.

  • Berrie, A.D. and B.J. Boize. 1983. The fish hosts of Unio glochidia in the River Thames. Conference Proceedings of the International Association of Theoretical and Applie Limnology, France.

  • Bertin, L. 1925. Researches bionomiques, biometriques et systematiques sur les epinoches. Ann. Inst. Oceanogr., Monaco.

  • Berube, M. and M.A. Curtis. 1986. Transmission of Diphyllobothrium ditremum to Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus ) in two subarctic Quebec lakes. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 43(8): 1626-1634.

  • Bervoets, L., R. Blust and R. Verheyen. 2001. Accumulation of Metals in the Tissues of Three Spined Stickelback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from Natural Fresh Waters. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 48(2): 117-127.

  • Bianco, P.G. 1979. On the presence of Gasterosteus aculeatus in the Penisola Salentina (Pisces Gasterosteidae). Natura, 70(1-2): 76-80.

  • Bianco, P.G. 1980. Range in Italy, record from calabria and origin of Mediterranean populations of Gasterosteus aculeatus L. (Pisces, Gasterosteidae). Bollettino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona, 7: 197-216.

  • Bianco, G. and T. Taraborelli. 1988. Freshwater fishes from the Mediterranean islands and presence of Gasterosteus aculeatus (phenotype semiarmatus ) from Sardinia island. Bulletin of Ecology, 19(2-3): 247-254.

  • Bianco, P.G., B.G. Osella, M. Biondi, C. Di Marco and M. Riti. 1997. Researches in the Peligna Valley (Central Italy, Abruzzo): 32. Cyclostomes and fish. Quaderni di Provinciaoggi, 23: 607-624.

  • Billerbeck, J.N., G. Orti and D.O. Conover. 1997. Latitudinal variation in vertebral number has a genetic basis in the Atlantic silverside, Menidia menidia. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 54(8): 1796-1801.

  • Binz, T., T.B.H. Reusch, C. Wedekind, and M. Milinski. 2001. SSCP analysis of Mhc class II B genes in the threespine stickleback. Journal of Fish Biology, 58(3): 887-890.

  • Birtwell, L.K., M. Wood and D.K. Gordon. 1984. Fish diets and benthic invertebrates in the estuary of the Somass River, Port Alberni, British Columbia. Can. Manuscr. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci.,(58): 1799.

  • Bishop, T.D. and J.A. Brown. 1992. Threat-sensitive foraging by larval threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus ). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 31(2): 133-138.

  • Blanke, D. 1994. Zur Fischfauna (Pisces) von kleinen Fliessgewassern und Graben zwischen Gottingen und Northeim (Sudniedersachsen). Goettinger Naturkundliche Schriften, 3: 79-88.

  • Blenkinsopp, S.A., G. Sergy, K. Doe, G. Wohlgeschaffen, K. Li and M. Fingas. 1996. Toxicity of the weathered crude oil used at the Newfoundland offshore burn experiment (NOBE) and the resultant burn residue. Spill Science and Technology Bulletin, 3(4): 277-280.

  • Blouw, D.M. and D.W. Hagen. 1981. Ecology of the Fourspine Stickleback, Apeltes quadracus , With Respect to a Polymorphism for Dorsal Spine Number. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 59(9): 1677-1692.

  • Blouw, D.M. and D.W. Hagen. 1984. The adaptive significance of dorsal spine variation in the fourspine stickleback, Apeltes quadracus. 4. Phenotypic covariation with closely related species. Heredity, 53(2): 383-396.

  • Blouw, D.M. and D.W. Hagen. 1984. The adaptive significance of dorsal spine variation in the fourspine stickleback, Apeltes quadracus. 3. Correlated traits and experimental evidence on predation. Heredity, 53(2): 371-382.

  • Blouw, D.M. and D.W. Hagen. 1984. The adaptive significance of dorsal spine variation in the fourspine stickleback, Apeltes quadracus. 1. Geographic variation in spine number. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 62(7): 1329-1339.

  • Blouw, D.M. and D.W. Hagen. 1984. The adaptive significance of dorsal spine variation in the fourspine stickleback, Apeltes quadracus. 2. Phenotype environment correlations. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 62(7): 1340-1350.

  • Blouw, D.M. and D.W. Hagen. 1987. The adaptive significance of dorsal spine variation in the fourspine stickleback, Apeltes quadracus. V. Temporal variation. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65(11): 2651-2660.

  • Blouw, D.M. and D.W. Hagen. 1990. Breeding ecology and evidence of reproductive isolation of a widespread stickleback fish (Gasterosteidae) in Nova Scotia, Canada. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 39(3): 195-218.

  • Blouw, D.M. and G.J. Boyd. 1992. Inheritance of reduction, loss, and asymmetry of the pelvis in Pungitius pungitius (ninespine stickleback). Heredity, 68(1): 33-42.

  • Blouw, D.M. 1996. Evolution of offspring desertion in a stickleback fish. Ecoscience, 3(1): 18-24.

  • Bolduc, F. and G.J. FitzGerald. 1989. The role of selected environmental factors and sex ratio upon egg production in threespine sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 67(8): 2013-2020.

  • Bolger, T., J.J. Bracken and H.A. Dauod. 1990. The feeding relationships of brown trout, minnow and three-spined stickleback in an upland reservoir system. Hydrobiologia, 208(3): 169-186.

  • Bollens, S.M. and B.W. Frost. 1989. Predator-induced diel vertical migration in a planktonic copepod. Journal of Plankton Research, 11(5): 1047-1065.

  • Bollens, S.M. and B.W. Frost. 1991. Diel vertical migration in zooplankton: Rapid individual response to predators. Journal of Plankton Research, 13(6): 1359-1365.

  • Bollens, S.M. and D.E. Stearns. 1992. Predator-induced changes in the diel feeding cycle of a planktonic copepod. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 156(2): 179-186.

  • Bollens, S.M., B.W. Frost and J.R. Cordell. 1994. Chemical, mechanical and visual cues in the vertical migration behavior of the marine planktonic copepod Acartia hudsonica. Journal of Plankton Research, 16(5): 555-564.

  • Bolliet, V. and M.A. Ali. 1992. Immunohistochemical study of the development of serotoninergic neurons in the brain of the brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis. Brain Behavior and Evolution, 40(5): 234-249.

  • Bolyard, K.J. and W.J. Rowland. 1996. Context-dependent response to red coloration in stickleback. Animal Behavior, 52(5): 923-927.

  • Bolyard, K.J. and W.J. Rowland. 1997. Fighting experience and agonistic behaviour of three-spine sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus. XXV International Ethological Conference, Vienna (Austria).

  • Bonga, S.E.W., J.A. Greven and M. Veenhuis. 1977. Vascularization, innervation, and ultrastructure of the endocrine cell types of Stannius corpuscles in the teleost Gasterosteus aculeatus. Journal of Morpholology, 153(2): 225-244.

  • Bonga, S.E.W. and J.A.A. Greven. 1978. The relationship between prolactin cell activity, environmental calcium, and plasma calcium in the teleost Gasterosteus aculeatus. Observations on stanniectomized fish, General and Comparative Endocrinology, 36(1): 90-101.

  • Borg, B. 1981. Effects of Methyltestosterone on Spermatogenesis and Secondary Sexual Characters in the Three-Spined Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.). General and Comparative Endocrinology, 44(2): 177-180.

  • Borg, B. 1985. Field studies on three-spined sticklebacks in the Baltic. Behaviour, 93(1-4): 153-157.

  • Borg, B., G. Paulson and J. Peute. 1986. Stimulatory effects of methyltestosterone on pituitary gonadotropic cells and testes Leydig cells of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L., in winter. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 62(1): 54-61.

  • Borg, B., R.J.M. Timmers and J.G.D. Lambert. 1987. Aromatase activity in the brain of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus . 2. Effects of castration in winter. Experimental Biology, 47(2): 69-71.

  • Borg, B., J. Peute, M. Reschke and R. Van Den Hurk. 1987. Effects of photoperiod and temperature on testes, renal epithelium, and pituitary gonadotropic cells of the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65(1): 14-19.

  • Borg, B., R.J.M. Timmers and J.G.D. Lambert. 1987. Aromatase activity in the brain of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus . 1. Distribution and effects of season and photoperiod. Experimental Biology, 47(2): 63-68.

  • Borg, B., J. Peute and G. Paulson. 1988. Seasonal changes in the gonadotropic cells of the male threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 66(9): 1961-1967.

  • Borg, B., E. Andersson, I. Mayer, M.A. Zandbergen and J. Peute. 1989. Effects of castration on pituitary gonadotropic cells on the male three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L., under long photoperiod in winter: Indications for a positive feedback. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 76(1): 12-18.

  • Borg, B., E. Andersson, I. Mayer and J.G. Lambert. 1989. Aromatase activity in the brain of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. III. Effects of castration under different conditions and of replacement with different androgens. Experimental Biology, 48(3): 149-152.

  • Borg, B., W. Schoonen and J.G.D. Lambert. 1989. Steroid metabolism in the testes of the breeding and nonbreeding three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 73(1): 40-45.

  • Borg, B. 1991. Androgens in the three-spined stickleback; Gasterosteus aculeatus. Proceedings of the fourth international symposium on the reproductive physiology of fish, University of East Anglia, Norwich, U.K.

  • Borg, B., I. Mayer, J. Lambert, J. Granneman and R. Schulz. 1992. Metabolism of androstenedione and 11-ketotestosterone in the kidney of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 86(2): 248-256.

  • Borg, B., E. Antonopoulou, E. Anderson, T. Carlberg and I. Mayer. 1993. Effectiveness of several androgens in stimulating kidney hypertrophy, a secondary sexual character, in castrated male three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 71(11): 2327-2329.

  • Borg, B. 1994. Androgens in teleost fishes. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C Pharmacology Toxicology and Endocrinology, 109(3): 219-245.

  • Borg, B. and I. Mayer. 1995. Androgens and behaviour in the three-spined stickleback. Behaviour, 132(13-14): 1025-1035.

  • Borg, B., C. Bornestaf, A. Hellqvist, M. Schmitz, and I. Mayer. 2004. Mechanisms in the Photoperiodic Control of Reproduction in the Stickleback. Behaviour, 141(11/12): 1521-1530.

  • Bornestaf, C., E. Antonopoulou, I. Mayer and B. Borg. 1995. Effects of aromatase inhibitors on sexual maturation in three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Proceedings of Fifth International Symposium OnReproductive Physiology of Fish, University of Texas At Austin.

  • Bornestaf, C., E. Antonopoulou, I. Mayer and B. Borg. 1997. Effects of aromatase inhibitors on reproduction in male three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus, exposed to long and short photoperiods. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 16(5): 419-423.

  • Bornestaf, C., I. Mayer, and B. Borg 2001. Melatonin and Maturation Pace in Female Three-Spined Stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 122(3): 341-348.

  • Borroni, I. 1975. [Presence of the stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) in the basin of the River Toce (Piedmont): structure, characteristis of the cutaneous armour and origin of populations]. Mem. Ist. Ital. Idrobiol, 32: 333-348.

  • Bossart, J.L. and D.P. Prowell. 1998. Genetic estimates of population structure and gene flow: limitations, lessons and new directions. Trends In Ecology and Evolution, 13(5): 202-206.

  • Boule, V. and G.J. FitzGerald. 1989. Effects of constant and fluctuating temperatures on egg production in the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 67(6): 1599-1602.

  • Bourgeois, J.F., D.M. Blouw, J.P. Koenings and M.A. Bell. 1994. Multivariate analysis of geographic covariance between phenotypes and environments in the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, from the Cook Inlet area, Alaska. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 72(8): 1497-1509.

  • Bowne, P.S. 1985. The systematic position of Gasterostiformes. Department of Zoology. University of Alberta. Edmonton: 461.

  • Bowne, P.S. 1994. Systematics and morphology of Gasterosteiformes. In M. A. Bell and S. A. Foster. Ed.^Eds. Evolutionary biology of the threespine stickleback. University Press, Oxford. : 28-60.

  • Brainerd, E.L. and S.N. Patek. 1998. Vertebral column morphology, C-start curvature, and the evolution of mechanical defenses in tetraodontiform fishes. Copeia, 1998(4): 971-984.

  • Braithwaite, V.A. and L. Odling-Smee. 1999. The paradox of the stickleback: different yet the same. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 14(12): 460-461.

  • Breden, F. and K. Hornaday. 1994. Test of indirect models of selection in the Trinidad guppy. Heredity, 73(3): 291-297.

  • Brinon, J.G., R. Arevalo, E. Weruaga, C. Crespo, J.R. Alonso and J. Aijon. 1998. Tyrosine hydroxylase-like immunoreactivity in the brain of the teleost fish Tinca tinca. Archives Italiennes De Biologie, 136(1): 17-44.

  • Bronseth, T. and I. Folstad. 1997. The effect of parasites on courtship dance in threespine sticklebacks: more than meets the eye? Canadian Journal of Zoology, 75(4): 589-594.

  • Brooks, D.R. 1992. New distribution records for Bunodera eucaliae and Bunodera inconstans n. comb. (Digenea: Allocreadiidae: Bunoderinae) with discussion of their phylogenetic relationships. Journal of Parasitology, 78(5): 779-783.

  • Brooks, D.R., D.A. McLennan, J.M. Carpenter, S.G. Weller and J.A. Coddington. 1995. Systematics, ecology, and behavior - Integrating phylogenetic patterns and evolutionary mechanisms. Bioscience, 45(10): 687-695.

  • Brooks, R. and N. Caithness. 1995. Does a male's attractiveness to a female depend on her previous experience? South African Journal of Science, 91(3): 156-158.

  • Brown, L.R. and P.B. Moyle. 1991. Changes in habitat and microhabitat partitioning within an assemblage of stream fishes in response to predation by Sacramento squawfish ( Ptychocheilus grandis ). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 48(5): 849-856.

  • Brown, G.E., D.P. Chivers and R.J.F. Smith. 1995. Fathead minnows avoid conspecific and heterospecific alarm pheromones in the faeces of northern pike. Journal of Fish Biology, 47(3): 387-393.

  • Brown, G.E. and R.J.F. Smith. 1996. Foraging trade-offs in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas, Osteichthyes, Cyprinidae): Acquired predator recognition in the absence of an alarm response. Ethology, 102(9): 776-785.

  • Brown, G.E. and J.G.J. Godin. 1997. Anti-predator responses to conspecific and heterospecific skin extracts by threespine sticklebacks: Alarm pheromones revisited. Behaviour, 16: 1123-1134.

  • Brown, C. and K. Warburton. 1997. Predator recognition and anti-predator responses in the rainbowfish Melanotaenia eachamensis. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 41(1): 61-68.

  • Brown, C. and K. Warburton. 1999. Differences in timidity and escape responses between predator-naive and predator-sympatric rainbowfish populations. Ethology, 105(6): 491-502.

  • Brunken, H. 1984. The ichthyofauna of the "Grosser Graben" area in Lower Saxony. Braunschweiger Naturkundliche Schriften, 2(1): 219-235.

  • Brush, A.H. and H.M. Reisman. 1965. The carotenoid pigments in the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 14(1): 121-125.

  • Bubinas, A. 1979. Feeding of non food-fishes in the Kaunas hydro-electric plant reservoir in 1972-1975. (1. Gasterosteus aculeatus (L.) and Pungitius pungitius (L.)). Tr. Akad. Nauk Litovsk. SSR, Ser. C, 3(87): 85-93.

  • Buckland, N.J. and T. Reimchen. 1994. A novel association between an endemic stickleback and a parasitic dinoflagellate. 3. Details of the life cycle. SELECTED PAPERS OF THE TENTH BIENNIAL MEETING OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR EVOLUTIONARY PROTISTOLOGY. Archiv fuer Protistenkunde, 145(3-4).

    Buckland-Nicks, J. and T.E. Reimchen 1995. A novel association between an endemic stickleback and a parasitic dinoflagellate. 3: Details of the life cycle. Arch. Protistenkd. 145: 165-175.

    Buckland-Nicks, J., T.E. Reimchen and F.J.R. Taylor. 1990. A novel association between an  endemic stickleback and a parasitic dinoflagellate: Morphology and life cycle. J. of Phycology 26: 539-548.

  • Buckland, N.J., T.E. Reimchen and D.J. Garbary. 1997. Haidadinium ichthyophilum gen. nov. et sp. nov. (Phytodiniales, Dinophyceae), a freshwater ectoparasite on stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from the Queen Charlotte Islands, Canada. Canadian Journal of Botany, 75(11): 1936-1940.

  • Budaev, S.V. 1997. Alternative styles in the European wrasse, Symphodus ocellatus: Boldness-related schooling tendency. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 49(1): 71-78.

  • Budnikova, L.L. 1995. Amphipods in the diet of smolt chum salmon and some other fishes in Kalininka Bay, southwestern Sakhalin. Russian Journal of Biology, 20(3): 143-147.

  • Bugaev, V.F. 1992. Threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, of the Kamchatka River basin. Journal of Ichthyology, 32(9): 43-57.

  • Bumann, D. and J. Krause. 1993. Front individuals lead in shoals of three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) and juvenile roach (Rutilus rutilus). Behaviour, 125(3-4): 189-198.

  • Burghardt, G.M. and M.A. Krause. 1999. Plasticity of foraging behavior in garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis) reared on different diets. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 113(3): 277-285.

  • Burks, D.J., D.A. Scantland, R.S. Sinclair and J.H. Woolpy. 1985. Geographic variation in agonistic responses of territorial male brook sticklebacks, Culaea inconstans. Ohio Journal of Science, 85(1): 23-29.

  • Burton, D. 1978. Melanophore distribution within the integumentary tissues of two teleost species, Pseudopleuronectes americanus and Gasterosteus aculeatus form leiurus. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 56(4 Part 1): 526-535.

  • Burton, D. 1979. Sexual dimorphism in the integumentary tissues of threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculaaetus form leiurus. Copeia, 1979(2): 533-535.

  • Bush, S.L. 1996. Why is double clutching rare in the Majorcan midwife toad? Animal Behavior, 52(5): 913-922.

  • Bush, S.L., M.L. Dyson and T.R. Halliday. 1996. Selective phonotaxis by males in the Majorcan midwife toad. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences, 263(1372): 913-917.

  • Buth, D.G. and T.R. Haglund. 1994. Allozyme variation in the Gasterosteus aculeatus complex. In M. A. Bell and S. A. Foster. Ed.^Eds. Evolutionary biology of the threespine stickleback. Oxford University Press, Oxford. : 61-84.

  • Buth, D.G., C.B. Crabtree, R.D. Orton and W.J. 1984. Rainboth Genetic differentiation between the freshwater subspecies of Gasterosteus aculeatus in Southern California. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 12(4): 423-432.

  • Byun, S.A., B.F. Koop and T.E. Reimchen. 1997. North American black bear mtDNA phylogeography: Implications for morphology and the Haida Gwaii glacial refugium controversy. Evolution, 51(5): 1647-1653. top

    C

  • Caldecutt, W.J. and D.C. Adams. 1998. Morphometrics of trophic osteology in the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Copeia, 1998(4): 827-838.

  • Campbell, R.N., R.B. Williamson and J. Morton Boyd. 1979. The fishes of inland waters in the Outer Hebrides. Proc. R. Soc. Edinb., Sect. B, 77: 377-393.

  • Campbell, R.N. and R.B. Williamson. 1983. Salmon and freshwater fishes of the Inner Hebrides. Proceedings of the symposium on the Natural Environment of The Inner Hebrides. Edinburgh, UK. 24-25 Sep 1981. Proc. R. Soc. Edinb. Sect. B., 83: 245-265.

  • Campbell, R.N. 1985. Morphological variation in the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus ) in Scotland. Behaviour, 93(1-4): 161-168.

  • Campbell, C.E. and R. Knoechel. 1990. Distribution patterns of vertebrate and invertebrate planktivores in Newfoundland lakes with evidence of predator-prey and competitive interactions. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 68(7): 1559-1567.

  • Campbell, C.E. 1991. Prey selectivities of threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) and phantom midge larvae (Chaoborus spp.) in Newfoundland lakes. Freshwater Biology, 25(1): 155-168.

  • Campbell, C.E. 1992. Fourspine Stickleback, Apeltes quadracus , from a freshwater lake on the Avalon Peninsula of eastern Newfoundland. Canadian field naturalist, 106(3): 400-402.

  • Candolin, U. 1997. Predation risk affects courtship and attractiveness of competing threespine stickleback males. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 41(2): 81-87.

  • Candolin, U. 1998. Reproduction under predation risk and the trade-off between current and future reproduction in the threespine stickleback. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences, 265(1402): 1171-1175.

  • Candolin, U. 1999. Male-male competition facilitates female choice in sticklebacks. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences, 266(1421): 785-789.

  • Candolin, U. 1999. The relationship between signal quality and physical condition: is sexual signalling honest in the three-spined. Animal Behaviour, 58 (6): 1261-1267.

  • Candolin, U. 2000. Changes in expression and honesty of sexual signalling over the reproductive lifetime of sticklebacks. – Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B 267, 2425-2430.

  • Candolin, U. 2000. Male-male competition ensures honest signaling of male parental ability in the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. - Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 49, 57-61.

  • Candolin, U. 2000. Increased signalling effort when survival prospects decrease: male-male competition ensures honesty - Animal Behaviour 60: 417-422.

  • Candolin, U. 2004. Effects of Algae Cover on Egg Acquisition in Male Three-Spined Stickleback. Behaviour, 141(11/12): 1389-1400.

  • Candolin, U. and H.R. Voigt. 1998. Predator-induced nest site preference: safe nests allow courtship in sticklebacks. Animal Behavior, 56(5): 1205-1211.

  • Candolin, U. and H.R. Voigt. 2001. Correlation between male size and territory quality: consequence of male competition or predation risk? – Oikos 95, 225-230.

  • Candolin, U. and H.R. Voigt. 2001. No effect of a parasite on reproduction in stickleback males: a laboratory artefact? – Parasitology 122, 457-464.

  • Candolin, U. and H.R. Voigt. 2003. Size-dependent selection on arrival times in sticklebacks: why small males arrive first. - Evolution 57:862-871.

  • Candolin, U. and H.R. Voigt. 2003. Do changes in risk-taking affect habitat shifts of sticklebacks? - Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 55, 42-49.

  • Capone, T.A. 1995. Mutual preference for large mates in green stink bugs, Acrosternum hilare (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Animal Behavior, 49(5): 1335-1344.

  • Carlberg, M. 1990. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylethylamine, L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine and 3,4,5-trihydroxyphenylalanine: oxidation and binding to membranes. A comparative study of a neurotransmitter, a precursor and a neurotransmitter candidate in primitive nervous systems. J. Neural. Transm. Gen. Sect., 81(2): 111-119.

  • Carvalho, G.R. and L. Hauser. 1998. Advances in the molecular analysis of fish population structure. Italian Journal of Zoology, 65(Suppl. S): 21-33.

  • Castonguay, M. and G.J. Fitzgerald. 1990. The ecology of the calanoid copepod Eurytemora affinis in salt marsh tide pools. Hydrobiologia, 202(3): 125-134.

  • Cavaco, J.E.B., H.F. Vischer, J.G.D. Lambert, H.J.T. Goes and R.W. Schulz. 1997. Mismatch between patterns of circulating and testicular androgens in African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 17(1-6): 155-162.

  • Cavaco, J.E.B., J.G.D. Lambert, R.W. Schulz and H.J.T. Goos. 1997. Pubertal development of male African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. In vitro steroidogenesis by testis and interrenal tissue and plasma levels of sexual steroids. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 16(2): 129-138.

  • Cavalcanti, M.J., L.R. Monteiro and P.R.D. Lopes. 1999. Landmark-based morphometric analysis in selected species of serranid fishes (Perciformes : Teleostei). Zoological Studies, 38(3): 287-294.

  • Chae, B.S. and H.J. Yang. 1990. Sexual dimorphism in eightspine stickleback, Pungitius sinensis: Gasterosteidae. Korean Journal of Zoology, 33(3): 260-265.

  • Chae, B.S. and H.J. Yang. 1993. Spawning and growth of eightspine stickleback, Pungitius sinensis kaibarae (Tanaka) (Gasterosteidae, Pisces), in the Chayang Stream, a tributary of Kumho River, Korea. Korean Journal of Zoology, 36(2): 181-192.

  • Chamberlain, R.H. and R.A. Barnhart. 1993. Early use by fish of a mitigation salt marsh, Humboldt Bay, California. Estuaries, 16(4): 769-783.

  • Chapleau, F., C.S. Findlay and E. Szenasy. 1997. Impact of piscivorous fish introductions on fish species richness of small lakes in Gatineau Park, Quebec. Ecoscience, 4(3): 259-268.

  • Chapman, M.R. and D.L. Kramer. 1996. Guarded resources: The effect of intruder number on the tactics and success of defenders and intruders. Animal Behavior, 52(1): 83-94.

  • Charbonneau, R. and V.H. Resh. 1992. Strawberry Creek on the University of California, Berkeley Campus: A case history of urban stream restoration. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 2(4): 293-307.

  • Charlesworth, B. 2004. Sex Determination: Primitive Y Chromosomes in Fish. Current Biology, 14(18): 745-747.

  • Chauvin, M.B. 1978. Reactions to models in three spined sticklebacks living in group. Biological Behavior, 3(3): 233-242.

  • Chauvin, M.B. 1979. Aggressive reactions of three-spined sticklebacks in coloured lights. C.R. Hebd. Seances Acad. Sci., Paris, Ser. D, 289(14): 1065-1067.

  • Chauvin, M.B. 1979. [The problem of genotypic fixation of aggressive behaviour in three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.)]. C.R. Hebd. Seances Acad. Sci., Paris, Ser. D, 289(13): 935-938.

  • Chauvin, M.B. and P.Y. Grelet. 1980. Importance of context in signal interpretation in three spined stickleback males. C. R. Hebd. Seances Acad. Sci. aris, Ser. D, 290(19): 1273-1275.

  • Chauvin, M.B. 1985. Complex manipulatory abilities in stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus ). Fifty Years Of Behaviour Study In Sticklebacks: Papers Read At The First International Conference On Stickleback Behaviour. Behaviour, 93(1-4): 150-152.

  • Chellappa, S. 1988. Energy reserves in male three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. (Pisces, Gasterosteidae): annual variation and relation to reproductive aggression. Glasgow University.

  • Chellappa, S., F.A. Huntingford, R.H.C. Strang and R.Y. Thomson. 1989. Annual variation in energy reserves in male three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. (Pisces, Gasterosteidae). Journal of Fish Biology, 35(2): 275-286.

  • Chellappa, S. and F.A. Huntingford. 1989. Depletion of energy reserves during reproductive aggression in male three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Journal of Fish Biology, 35(2): 315-316.

  • Chellappa, S., F.A. Huntingford, R.H.C. Strang and R.Y. Thomson. 1995. Condition factor and hepatosomatic index as estimates of energy status in male three-spined stickleback. Journal of Fish Biology, 47(5): 775-787.

  • Chen, T.R. and H.M. Reisman. 1970. A comparative chromosome study of the North American species of sticklebacks (Teleostei: Gasterosteidae). Cytogenetics, 9: 321-332.

  • Chen, M.H. and F.G. Araujo. 1992. Temporal and spatial changes in the fish community structure in the upper and middle Thames estuary. King's College. London.

  • Chiasson, A. 1993. The effect of suspended sediments on ninespine stickleback, Pungitius pungitius, and golden shiner, Notemigonus crysoleucas, in a current of varying velocity. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 37(3): 283-295.

  • Chiorino, G., P. Auger, J.L. Chasse and S. Charles. 1999. Behavioral choices based on patch selection: A model using aggregation methods. Mathematical Biosciences, 157(1-2): 189-216.

  • Chivers, D.P. and R.J.F. Smith. 1994. Intra- and interspecific avoidance of areas marked with skin extract from brook sticklebacks (Culaea inconstans) in a natural habitat. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 20(7): 1517-1524.

  • Chivers, D.P., G.E. Brown and R.J.F. Smith. 1995. Acquired recognition of chemical stimuli from pike, Esox lucius, by brook sticklebacks, Culaea inconstans (Osteichthyes, Gasterosteidae). Ethology, 99(3): 234-242.

  • Chivers, D.P., B.D. Wisenden and R.J.F. Smith. 1996. Damselfly larvae learn to recognize predators from chemical cues in the predator's diet. Animal Behavior, 52(2): 315-320.

  • Chivers, D.P., J.M. Kiesecker, E.L. Wildy, M.T. Anderson and A.R. Blaustein. 1997. Chemical alarm signalling in terrestrial salamanders: Intra- and interspecific responses. Ethology, 103(7): 599-613.

  • Chouinard, A., D. Pigeon and L. Bernatchez. 1996. Lack of specialisation in trophic morphology between genetically differentiated dwarf and normal forms of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis Mitchill) in Lac de l'Est, Quebec. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 74(11): 1989-1998.

  • Chubb, J.C., E.T. Valtonen, J. McGeorge and E. Helle. 1995. Characterisation of the external features of Schistocephalus solidus (Muller, 1776) (Cestoda) from different geographical regions and an assessment of the status of the Baltic ringed seal Phoca hispida botnica (Gmelin) as a definitive host. Systematic Parasitology, 32(2): 113-123.

  • Clark, E.R. and J.A.L. Fraser. 1983. The survival and growth of six species of freshwater fish, in tapwater and diluted and undiluted effluent from sewage percolating filters. Journal of Fish Biology, 22(4): 431-445.

  • Clark, D.L. and K.R. Stephenson. 1999. Response to video and computer-animated images by the tiger barb, Puntius tetrazona. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 56(3): 317-324.

  • Cleveland, A. 1994. Nest site habitat preference and competition in Gasterosteus aculeatus and G. wheatlandi. Copeia, 1994(3): 698-704.

  • Coad, B.W. 1973. Observations on the ecology and meristic variation of the ninespine stickleback, Pungitius pungitius L., 1758) of the Metamek river system, Quebec. American Midland Naturalist, 90(2): 498-503.

  • Coad, B.W. 1981. A bibliography of the sticklebacks (Gasterosteidae: Osteichthyes). Syllogeus,(35): 1-142.

  • Coad, B.W. 1983. Plate morphs in freshwater samples of Gasterosteus aculeatus from Arctic and Atlantic Canada: Complementary comments on a recent contribution. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 61(5): 1174-1177.

  • Coad, B.W. and A. Abdoli. 1993. Exotic fish species in the fresh waters of Iran. Zoology In the Middle East, 9: 65-80.

  • Cohen, S. and D. McFarland. 1979. Time-sharing as a mechanism for the control of behaviour sequences during the courtship of the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus ). Animal Behavior, 27(1): 270-283.

  • Cohen, S. 1979. The temporal organisation of courtship behaviour in the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Oxford University. Oxford.

  • Cole, N.J., M. Tanaka, A. Prescott and C. Tickle. 2003. Expression of limb initiation genes and clues to the morphological diversification of threespine stickleback. Current Biology, 13(24): R951-R952.

  • Collias, N.E. 1990. Statistical evidence for aggressive response to red by male three-spined sticklebacks. Animal Behavior, 39(2): 401-403.

  • Collins, S.A. 1995. The effect of recent experience on female choice in zebra finches. Animal Behavior, 49(2): 479-486.

  • Cone, D.K. and P.M. Ryan. 1984. Population sizes of metazoan parasites of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis ) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar ) in a small Newfoundland lake. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 62(1): 130-133.

  • Cone, D.K. and M. Wiles. 1985. The systematics and zoogeography of Gyrodactylus species (Monogenea) parasitizing gasterosteid fishes in North America. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63(4): 956-960.

  • Conforti, V.T.D. 1986. Contribution to the knowledge of freshwater algal flora of Buenos Aires (Argentina). XI. Physis, Seccion B, 44(106): 13-18.

  • Connaughton, M.A. and M.H. Taylor. 1995. Effects of exogenous testosterone on sonic muscle mass in the weakfish, Cynoscion regalis. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 100(2): 238-245.

  • Connor, R.C. 1996. Partner preferences in by-product mutualisms and the case of predator inspection in fish. Animal Behavior, 51(2): 451-454.

  • Coope, G.R., P.L. Gibbard, A.R. Hall, R.C. Preece, J.E. Robinson and A.J. Sutcliffe. 1997. Climatic and environmental reconstructions based on fossil assemblages from Middle Devensian (Weichselian) deposits of the River Thames at South Kensington, central London, UK. Quaternary Science Reviews, 16(10): 1163-1195.

  • Cooper, A. 1984. Common tern repeatedly dropping fish in flight. British Birds, 77(6): 261.

  • Copp, G.H., V.R. Edmonds Brown and R. Cottey. 1998. Behavioural interactions and microhabitat use of stream-dwelling sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculateus and Pungitius pungitius in the laboratory and field. Folia Zoologica, 47(4): 275-286.

  • Courtenay, S.C. and M.H.A. Keenleyside. 1983. Nest site selection by the fourspine stickleback, Apeltes quadracus (Mitchell). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 61(7): 1443-1447.

  • Courtenay, S.C. 1985. Simultaneous multinesting by the fourspine stickleback, Apeltes quadracus. Canadian field naturalist, 99(3): 360-363.

  • Covens, M., L. Covens, F. Ollevier and A. Loof. 1987. A comparative study of some properties of vitellogenin (Vg) and yolk proteins in a number of freshwater and marine teleost fishes. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, B, 88B(1): 75-80.

  • Covens, M., D. Stynen, F. Ollevier and A. de Loof. 1988. Concanavalin A reactivity of vitellogenin and yolk proteins of the threespined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus (Teleostei). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, B, 90B(1): 227-233.

  • Coward, K. and N.R. Bromage. 1998. Histological classification of oocyte growth and the dynamics of ovarian recrudescence in Tilapia zillii. Journal of Fish Biology, 53(2): 285-302.

  • Coward, K. and N.R. Bromage. 1999. Spawning frequency, fecundity, egg size and ovarian histology in groups of Tilapia zillii maintained upon two distinct food ration sizes from first-feeding to sexual maturity. Aquatic Living Resources, 12(1): 11-22.

  • Cowen, R.K., L.A. Chiarella, C.J. Gomez and M.A. Bell. 1991. Offshore distribution, size, age, and lateral plate variation of late larval/early juvenile sticklebacks (Gasterosteus) off the Atlantic coast of New Jersey and New York, (USA). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 48(9): 1679-1684.

  • Craig, D. and G.J. FitzGerald. 1982. Reproductive tactics of four sympatric sticklebacks (Gasterosteidae). Environmental biology of fishes, 7(4): 369-375.

  • Craig, S., and P. Laming. 2004. Behaviour of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteous aculeatus (Gasterosteidae, Teleostei) in the multispecies freshwater biomonitor: a validation of automated recordings at three levels of ammonia pollution. Water Research, 38(8): 2144-2154.

  • Crane, M., T. Flower, D. Holmes and S. Watson. 1992. The toxicity of selenium in experimental freshwater ponds. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 23(4): 440-452.

  • Craven, S.R. and E. Lev. 1987. Double-crested cormorants in the Apostle Islands, Wisconsin, USA: Population trends, food habits, and fishery depredations. Colonial Waterbirds, 10(1): 64-71.

  • Crawford, S.S. and P.W. Colgan. 1989. Motivational models of courtship in male threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus ). Behaviour, 109(1-4): 285-301.

  • Cresko, W.A. and J.A. Baker. 1996. Two morphotypes of lacustrine threespine sticklehack, Gasterosteus aculeatus, in Benka Lake, Alaska. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 45(4): 343-350.

  • Cresko, W.A. and J.A. Baker. 1996. Characterisation of the external features of Schistocephalus solidus TI: Two morphotypes of lacustrine threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, in Benka Lake, Alaska. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 45(4): 343-350.

  • Crivelli, A.J. and R.H. Britton. 1987. Life history adaptations of Gasterosteus aculeatus in a Mediterranean wetland. Environmental biology of fishes, 18(2): 109-125.

  • Crowley, P.H. and R.C. Sargent. 1996. Whence tit-for-tat? Evolutionary Ecology, 10(5): 499-516.

  • Croy, M.I. and R.N. Hughes. 1991. Effects of food supply, hunger, danger and competition on choice of foraging location by the fifteen-spined stickleback, Spinachia spinachia L. Animal Behavior, 42(1): 131-140.

  • Croy, M.I. and R.N. Hughes. 1991. Hierarchical response to prey stimuli and associated effects of hunger and foraging experience in the fifteen-spined stickleback, Spinachia spinachia (L.). Journal of Fish Biology, 38(4): 599-608.

  • Croy, M.I. and R.N. Hughes. 1991. The influence of hunger on feeding behavior and on the acquisition of learned foraging skills by the fifteen-spined stickleback, Spinachia spinachia L. Animal Behavior, 41(1): 161-170.

  • Croy, M.I. and R.N. Hughes. 1991. The role of learning and memory in the feeding behavior of the fifteen-spined stickleback, Spinachia spinachia L. Animal Behavior, 41(1): 149-160.

  • Cubillos, E.R., and H.E. Guderley. 2000. Analysis of the factors related with mate choice and reproductive success in male three-spined sticklebacks. Journal of Fish Biology, 56(5): 1201-1216.

  • Cunado, N., Barrios J., San Miguel E., Amaro R., Fernandez C., Hermida M., Santos J.L. 2002. Synaptonemal complex analysis in oocytes and spermatocytes of threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus (Teleostei, Gasterosteidae) Genetica, 114 (1): 53-56.

  • Cunjak, R.A. 1992. Comparative feeding, growth and movements of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr from riverine and estuarine environments. Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 1(1): 26-34.

  • Cunningham, E.J., J.F. Tierney and F.A. Huntingford. 1994. Effects of the cestode Schistocephalus solidus on food intake and foraging decisions in the three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus. Ethology, 97(1): 65-75.

  • Curtis, M.A. 1984. Parasitological evidence for feeding specialization in Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus ) in northern Quebec, Canada. Proceedings of Third ISACF Workshop on Arctic Char, 3: 112-118.

  • Cusack, R. and D.K. Cone. 1985. A report of bacterial microcolonies on the surface of Gyrodactylus (Monogenea). Journal of Fish Disease, 8(1): 125-127.

  • Cussac, V.E., D. Ruzzante, S. Walde, P.J. Macchi, V. Ojeda, M.F. Alonso and M.A. Denegri. 1998. Body shape variation of three species of Percichthys in relation to their coexistence in the Limay River basin, in northern Patagonia. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 53(2): 143-153.

  • Czeczuga, B. 1980. Carotenoids in fish. 26. Pungitius pungitius (L.) and Gasterosteus aculeatus L. (Gasterosteidae). Hydrobiologia, 74(1): 7-10. top

    D

  • D'Arcy, B.J. and M.P. Thomas. 1978. The occurrence and numbers of fish in screenings from a cooling tower intake on the Manchester Ship Canal. Bull. Estuar. Brackish Water Sci. Assoc., Lond,, 7(1978).

  • DahlHansen, G.A.P. 1995. Long-term changes in crustacean zooplankton - The effects of a mass removal of Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L), from an oligotrophic lake. Journal of Plankton Research, 17(9): 1819-1833.

  • Daldorph, P.W.G. and J.D. Thomas. 1995. Factors influencing the stability of nutrient-enriched freshwater macrophyte communities: the role of sticklebacks Pungitius pungitius and freshwater snails. Freshwater Biology, 33(2): 271-289.

  • Daniel, W. 1984. [Investigations on the animals in a salt marsh sewer in Schleswig-Holstein]. Faunistisch okologische Mitteilungen, 5(9-10): 227-248.

  • Danilkiewicz, Z. 1997. Lampreys and fishes of the River Bug and its Polish tributaries. Arch. Ryb. Pol./Arch. Pol. Fish., 5(2): 5-82.

  • Daoulas, C. 1998. Actions for the protection and rehabilitation of the endangered endemic fish ellinopigosteos (Pungitius hellenicus). Natl. Cent. for Marine Research, Athina, 174.

  • Darkov, A.A. 1979. Dynamics of Active Defense Reactions of Male Threespine Stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus , During the Reproductive Period. Journal of Ichthyology, 19(5): 133-138.

  • Dartnall, H.J.G. and M. Walkey. 1979. Parasites of marine sticklebacks. Journal of Fish Biology, 14(5): 471-474.

  • Dartnall, H.J.G. and M. Walkey. 1979. The distribution of glochidia of the Swan mussel, Anodonta cygnea (Mollusca) on the three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus (Pisces). Journal of Zoology, 189(1): 31-37.

  • Dauod, H.A.M. 1986. Studies on some aspects of the biology of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.), minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus (L.)) and the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) from an upland reservoir system, Co. Wicklow. Dublin University College. Dublin.

  • David, L.R. 1945. A neogene stickleback from the ridge formation of California. Journal of Paleontology, 19(3): 315-318.

  • Davidson, K., M. Niles, P. Swan and L. Forsyth. 1995. The Lake O'Law project, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia: 1989-1993. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 2053: 1-96.

  • Dawson, K.J. 1996. Evolutionary consequences of a trade-off between parental effort and mating effort. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 183(2): 139-158.

  • Day, T., J. Pritchard and D. Schluter. 1994. A comparison of two sticklebacks. Evolution , 48(5): 1723-1734.

  • Day, T. and J.D. McPhail. 1996. The effect of behavioural and morphological plasticity on foraging efficiency in the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus sp). Oecologia, 108(2): 380-388.

  • Deagle, B.E., T.E. Reimchen and D.B. Levin. 1996. Origins of endemic stickleback from the Queen Charlotte Islands: Mitochondrial and morphological evidence. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 74(6): 1045-1056.

  • DeBlois, E.M. and G.A. Rose. 1995. Effect of foraging activity on the shoal structure of cod (Gadus morhua). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 52(11): 2377-2387.

  • DeBlois, E.M. and G.A. Rose. 1996. Cross-shoal variability in the feeding habits of migrating Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Oecologia, 108(1): 192-196.

  • De Fraipont, M., G.J. Fitzgerald and H. Guderley. 1992. Femme fatale: The case of the threespine stickleback. Ethology, 91(2): 147-152.

  • De Fraipont, M., J. Fitzgerald Gerard and H. Guderley. 1993. Age-related differences in reproductive tactics in the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Animal Behavior, 46(5): 961-968.

  • De Fraipont, M., J. Fitzgerald Gerard and H. Guderley. 1994. Investment in present versus future broods: Parental care tactics in three-spined sticklebacks. Ecoscience, 1(1): 15-20.

  • Delbeek, J.C. and D.D. Williams. 1987. Morphological differences among females of four species of stickleback (Gasterosteidae) from New Brunswick and their possible ecological significance. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65(2): 289-295.

  • Delbeek, J.C. and D.D. Williams. 1987. Food resource partitioning between sympatric populations of brackishwater sticklebacks. Journal of Animal Ecology, 56(3): 949-967.

  • Delbeek, J.C. and D.D. Williams. 1988. Feeding selectivity of four species of sympatric stickleback in brackish-water habitats in eastern Canada. Journal of Fish Biology, 32(1): 41-62.

  • Deneer, J.W. 1994. Bioconcentration of chlorpyrifos by the three-spined stickleback under laboratory and field conditions. Chemosphere, 29(7): 1561-1575.

  • Denoncourt, R.F., C.H. Hocutt and J.R. Stauffer, Jr. 1975. Additions to the Pennsylvania ichthyofauna of the Susquehanna River drainage. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila, 127(9): 67-69.

  • De Ruiter, A.J.H. and S.E.W. Bonga. 1985. Consequences of nestbuilding behaviour for osmoregulation in male three-spined sticklebacks. Behaviour, 93(1-4): 8-20.

  • De Ruiter, A.J.H., S.E. Wendelaar Bonga, H. Slijkhuis and B. Baggerman. 1986. The effect of prolactin on fanning behavior in the male three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 64(2): 273-283.

  • Devitsina, G.V. and O.L. Radishcheva. 1989. Development of the olfactory organ during early life of threespine stickleback. Voprosy ikhtiologii, 29(1): 46-52.

  • Dezfuli, B.S. 1996. Cypria reptans (Crustacea: Ostracoda) as an intermediate host of Neoechinorhynchus rutili (Acanthocephala: Eoacanthocephala) in Italy. Journal of Parasitology, 82(3): 503-505.

  • Dieter, Z.C. and E. Hartwig. 1982. On the biology and food of small-sized fish from North and Baltic Sea areas. IV. Investigations on an eulittoral mud flat at Sylt Island. Helgolander Meeresuntersuchungen, 35(1): 47-63.

  • Diewert, R.E. and M.A. Henderson. 1992. The effect of competition and predation on production of juvenile sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in Pitt Lake. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,(1853): 1-51.

  • Dijkstra, A. 1995. Ten-spined sticklebacks Pungitius pungitius as prey of spotted redshanks Tringa erythropus. Drentse Vogels, 8: 49-55.

  • Dolgikh, V.V., E.A. Dolgikh and V.D. Domkin. 1992. Studies on the enzymes of biosynthesis of purine nucleotides in plerocercoids of cestodes of the family Ligulidae. Parazitologiya, 26(4): 310-313.

  • Donoghue, S. 1986. A note on the presence of bacteria on the surface of the parasitic copepod Thersitina gasterostei Pagenstecher. Journal of Fish Disease, 9(4): 349-351.

  • Donoghue, S. 1988. Gasterosteus aculeatus , a new British host for the metacercariae of Cryptocotyle concavum (Digenea). Journal of Fish Biology, 33(4): 657-658.

  • Draganik, B. 1995. Resources for the Baltic inshore fishery (exclusive of the cod, herring and sprat stocks). Biuletyn Morskiego Instytutu Rybackiego, Gdynia/Bulletin of the Sea Fisheries Institute, Gdynia. Gdynia, 135: 50-58.

  • Drewa, G., D. Andruszczak, M. Chesy, L. Kozica Raszeja, K. Palgan and Z. Zbytniewski. 1992. The influence of anionic detergent and diesel fuel oil on arylsulphatase and acid phosphatase activity in Gasterosteus aculeatus L. and Dreissena polymorpha Pall. Polskie Archiwum Hydrobiologii, 39(1): 161-170.

  • Drewa, G., M. Chesy, A. Brukwick, A. Grzanka and R. Sujkowska. 1994. Morphological changes of liver cells of Gasterosteus Aculeatus L. exposed to pollutants. Polskie Archiwum Hydrobiologii, 41(4): 507-515.

  • Duffy, W.G. 1998. Population dynamics, production, and prey consumption of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) in prairie wetlands: a bioenergetics approach. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 55(1): 15-27.

  • Dufresne, F., G.J. FitzGerald and S. Lachance. 1990. Age and size-related differences in reproductive success and reproductive costs in threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus ). Behavioral Ecology, 1(2): 140-147.

  • Dugatkin, L.A., G.J. FitzGerald and J. Lavoie. 1994. Juvenile three-spined sticklebacks avoid parasitized conspecifics. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 39(2): 215-218.

  • Dugatkin, L.A. 1996. Tit for Tat, by-product mutualism and predator inspection: A reply to Connor. Animal Behavior, 51(2): 455-457.

  • Dugatkin, L.A. 1997. Winner and loser effects and the structure of dominance hierarchies. Behavioral Ecology, 8(6): 583-587.

  • Dugatkin, L.A. 1997. The evolution of cooperation. Bioscience, 47(6): 355-362.

  • Dunham, A.E. 1995. Criteria for testing character displacement. Science, 268(5213): 1066-1067.

  • Dutil, J.D., M. Fortin and Y. Vigneault. 1982. [Value of littoral zones for fishery resources]. Can. Manuscr. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci.,(1653F): 1-32.

  • Dutil, J.D. and M. Fortin. 1983. [The fish community in an intertidal marsh in the Saint Lawrence Estuary]. Canadian Naturalists, 110(4): 397-410.

  • Dykova, I. and J. Lom. 1978. Tissue reaction of the three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus L. to infection with Glugea anomala (Moniez, 1887). Journal of Fish Disease, 1(1): 83-90.

  • Dykova, I., J. Lom and S. Egusa. 1980. Tissue reaction to Glugea plecoglossi infection in its natural host, Plecoglossus altivelis. Folia Parasitologica, 27(3): 213-216.

  • Dzieweczynski, T.L. and W.J. Rowland. 2004. Behind closed doors: use of visual cover by courting male three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Animal Behaviour, 68(3): 465-471. top

    E

  • Ebert, H. 1995. Dreistachliger Stichling (Gasterosteus aculeatus Linne, 1758). Datz, 48(3): 147-148.

  • Economidis, P.S. 1995. Endangered freshwater fishes of Greece. Biological Conservation, 72(2): 201-211.

  • Edge, T.A. and B.W. Coad. 1983. Reduced dorsal spine numbers in two isolated populations of the brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans ) from eastern Canada. Canadian Naturalists, 110(1): 99-101.

  • Edge, T.A. and B.W. Coad. 1983. Reduction of the pelvic skeleton in the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus in two lakes of Quebec. Canadian field naturalist, 97(3): 334-336.

  • Ekelund, R.A., B.A. Granmo and M. Berggren. 1990. Bioaccumulation of 4-nonylphenol in marine animals: A re-evaluation. Environmental Pollution, 64(2): 107-120.

  • Ekless, L.M. and R.A. Matthews. 1993. Ichthyophthirius multifiliis: axenic isolation and short-term maintenance in selected monophasic media. Journal of Fish Disease, 16(5): 437-447.

  • Ekloev, A.G., L.A. Greenberg, C. Broenmark, P. Larsson and O. Berglund. 1998. Response of stream fish to improved water quality: a comparison between the 1960s and 1990s. Freshwater Biology, 40(4): 771-782.

  • Eklov, A.G., L.A. Greenberg, C. Bronmark, P. Larsson and O. Berglund. 1998. Response of stream fish to improved water quality: a comparison between the 1960s and 1990s. Freshwater Biology, 40(4): 771-782.

  • Ekstroem, P., B. Borg and T. Van Veen. 1983. Ontogenetic development of the pineal organ, parapineal organ, and retina of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. (Teleostei). Development of photoreceptors. Cell and Tissue Research, 233(3): 593-609.

  • Ekstroem, B.B.P. and T. van Veen. 1983. The parapineal organ of teleosts. Acta Zoologica, 64(4): 211-218.

  • Ekstroem, P., M. Reschke, H. Steinbusch and T. Van Veen. 1986. Distribution of noradrenaline in the brain of the teleost Gasterosteus aculeatus L.: An immunohistochemical analysis. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 254(3): 297-313.

  • Ekstroem, P., T. Honkanen and S.O.E. Ebbesson. 1988. FMRFamide-like immunoreactive neurons of the nervus terminalis of teleosts innervate both retina and pineal organ. Brain Research, 460(1): 68-75.

  • Ekstroem, P. 1994. Developmental changes in the brain-stem serotonergic nuclei of teleost fish and neural plasticity. Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, 14(4): 381-393.

  • Ekstroem, P., B.I. Holmqvist and P. Panula. 1995. Histamine-immunoreactive neurons in the brain of the teleost Gasterosteus aculeatus L.: Correlation with hypothalamic tyrosine hydroxylase- and serotonin-immunoreactive neurons. Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy, 8(2): 75-85.

  • Ekstroem, P. and L.M. Ohlin. 1995. Ontogeny of GABA-immunoreactive neurons in the central nervous system in a teleost, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy, 9(4): 271-288.

  • Ekstrom, P. 1985. Anterograde and retrograde filling of central neuronal systems with horseradish peroxidase under in vitro conditions, Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 15(1): 21-35.

  • Ekstrom, P. and T. Veen. 1983. Central connections of the pineal organ in the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. (Teleostei). Cell and Tissue Research, 232(1): 141-155.

  • Ekstrom, P., L. Nyberg and T. Van Veen. 1985. Ontogenetic development of serotoninergic neurons in the brain of a teleost, the three-spined stickleback. An immunohistochemical analysis, Developmental Brain Research, 17(1-2): 209-224.

  • Ekstrom, P., T. Honkanen and H.W. Steinbusch. 1990. Distribution of dopamine-immunoreactive neuronal perikarya and fibres in the brain of a teleost, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. comparison with tyrosine hydroxylase- and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons. J. Chem. Neuroanat., 3(4): 233-260.

  • Ekstrom, P., T. Honkanen and B. Borg. 1992. Development of tyrosine hydroxylase-, dopamine- and dopamine beta-hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons in a teleost, the three-spined stickleback. Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy, 5(6): 481-501.

  • Ekstrom, P. 1994. Developmental changes in the brain-stem serotonergic nuclei of teleost fish and neural plasticity. Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, 14(4): 381-393.

  • Ekstrom, P., T. Honkanen and B. Borg. 1994. Development of central catecholaminergic neurons in teleosts. In W. J. A. J. Smeets and A. Reiner. Ed.^Eds. Systems in the CNS of vertebrates. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. : 325-342.

  • Ekstrom, P. and L.M. Ohlin. 1995. Ontogeny of GABA-immunoreactive neurons in the central nervous system in a teleost, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy, 9(4): 271-288.

  • Ekstrom, P., B.I. Holmqvist and P. Panula. 1995. Histamine-immunoreactive neurons in the brain of the teleost Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Correlation with hypothalamic tyrosine hydroxylase- and serotonin-immunoreactive neurons. Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy, 8(2): 75-85.

  • Ekstrom, P. and H. Meissl. 1997. The pineal organ of teleost fishes. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 7(2): 199-284.

  • Elliott, J.M. 1991. Rates of gastric evacuation in piscivorous brown trout, Salmo trutta. Freshwater biology, 25(2): 297-305.

  • Elliott, J.M., M.A. Hurley and J.D. Allonby. 1996. A functional model for maximum growth of immature stone loach, Barbatula barbatula, from three populations in north-west England. Freshwater Biology, 36(3): 547-554.

  • Elliott, J.K. and W.C. Leggett. 1996. The effect of temperature on predation rates of a fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus) and a jellyfish (Aurelia aurita) on larval capelin (Mallotus villosus). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 53(6): 1393-1402.

  • Elliott, J.K. and W.C. Leggett. 1997. Influence of temperature on site-dependent predation by a fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus) and a jellyfish (Aurelia aurita) on larval capelin (Mallotus villosus). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 54(12): 2759-2766.

  • Elshoud, G.C.A. 1978. Respiration in the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L.; an electromyographic approach. Netherlands Journal of Zoology, 28(3-4): 524-544.

  • Erman, D.C. and F.K. Ligon. 1988. Effects of discharge fluctuation and the addition of fine sediment on stream fish and macroinvertebrates below a water-filtration facility. Environmental Management, 12(1): 85-97.

  • Ernst, W.R. and K.G. Doe. 1989. A comparison of the aquatic toxicity of fenitrothion flowable and fenitrothion liquid technical formulations. Water pollution research journal of Canada, 24(4): 553-568.

  • Ernst, W., K. Doe, P. Jonah, J. Young, G. Julien and P. Hennigar. 1991. The toxicity of chlorothalonil to aquatic fauna and the impact of its operational use on a pond ecosystem. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 21(1): 1-9.

  • Ernst, W.R., P. Jonah, K. Doe, G. Julien and P. Hennigar. 1991. Toxicity to aquatic organisms of off-target deposition of endosulfan applied by aircraft. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 10(1): 103-114. top

    F

  • Falandysz, J. and M. Kowalewska. 1993. Mercury concentration of stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus from the Gulf of Gdansk. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 51(5): 710-715.

  • Falandysz, J., B. Strandberg, S.E. Kulp, L. Strandberg, P.A. Bergqvist and C. Rappe. 1996. Congener-specific analysis of chloronaphthalenes in stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus from different sites in the Gulf of Gdansk. Bromatologia I Chemia Toksykologiczna, 29(4): 393-399.

  • Falandysz, J., D. Danisiewicz, L. Strandberg, B. Strandberg, P.A. Bergqvist and C. Rappe. 1997. DDTs, HCBz and PCBz in stickleback from various sites in the Gulf of Gdansk. Organohalogen Compounds, 32: 354-357.

  • Falandysz, J., L. Strandberg, B. Strandberg and C. Rappe. 1998. Polychlorinated naphthalenes in three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus from the Gulf of Gdansk. Chemosphere, 37(9-12): 2473-2487.

  • Falandysz, J., B. Strandberg, L. Strandberg, P.A. Bergqvist and C. Rappe. 1998. Spatial distribution of TCPM-H and TCPM-OH in blue mussel and fish from the Gulf of Gdansk, Baltic Sea. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 61(3): 411-418.

  • Falandysz, J., A. Dembowska, L. Strandberg, B. Strandberg and C. Rappe. 1998. Spatial distribution of PCBs in three-spined stickleback from the beach zone in the Gulf of Gdansk, Baltic sea. 18th Symposium on Halogenated Environmental Organic Pollutants, Stockholm (Sweden).

  • Falandysz, J., B. Strandberg, L. Strandberg and C. Rappe. 1999. Tris(4-chlorophenyl)methane and tris(4-chlorophenyl)methanol in sediment and food webs from the Baltic south coast. Environmental Science and Technology, 33(4): 517-521.

  • Falter, U. 1983. Prey density and selection against oddity by three-spined sticklebacks. Behavioural Processes, 8(4): 401-402.

  • Feist, S.W., S. Chilmonczyk and A.W. Pike. 1991. Structure and development of Sphaerospora elegans Thelohan 1892 (Myxozoa: Myxosporea) in the sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus L. and Pungitius pungitius L. (Gasterosteidae). European Journal of Protistology, 27(3): 269-277.

  • Feldmeth, C.R. and J.N. Baskin. 1977. Thermal and respiratory studies with reference to temperature and oxygen tolerance for the unarmored stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus williamsoni Hubbs. Bull. South Calf. Acad. Sci., 75(2): 127-131.

  • Fernandez, C.A. 1997. Fifteen-spined stickleback (Spinachia spinachia Linnaeus, 1758) in waters off the NW Iberian peninsula, southern limit of its range. Miscellania Zoologica Barcelona, 20(1): 65-72.

  • Fernandez C., Hermida M., Amaro R., San Miguel E. 2000. Lateral plate variation in Galician stickleback populations in the rivers Miño and Limia, NW Spain. Behaviour, 137: 965-979 Part 7-8.

  • Ferrara, A.M. and S.B. Cook. 1998. Comparison of black-spot disease metapopulations in the central stonerollers of two warm-water streams. Journal of Freshwater Ecology, 13(3): 299-305.

  • Feunteun, E. and L. Marion. 1994. Assessment of grey heron predation on fish communities: The case of the largest European colony. Hydrobiologia, 279-280: 327-344.

  • Feuth De Bruijn, E. and P. Sevenster. 1983. Parental reactions to young in sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.). Behaviour, 83(1-2): 186-203.

  • Finnegan, B. 1991. Summary of 1988 coho salmon smolt trapping operations on the Lachmach River and Antigonish Creek, British Columbia. CAN. DATA REP. FISH. AQUAT. SCI., 844.

  • Firouz, E. 2000. A guide to the fauna of Iran. Iran University Press, Tehran. 491 pp.

  • Fischer, P., U. Kils and U. Walker. 1990. In-situ investigations on the behaviour and respiration of the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) and the eelpout (Zoarces viviparus L.). ICES COUNCIL MEETING (COLLECTED PAPERS),: 1-10.

  • Fischer, P., K. Rademacher and U. Kils. 1992. In situ investigations on the respiration and behaviour of the eelpout Zoarces viviparus under short-term hypoxia. Marine ecology progress series, 88(2-3): 181-184.

  • FitzGerald, G.J. and J.D. Dutil. 1981. Evidence for differential predation on an estuarine stickleback community. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 59(12): 2394-2395.

  • Fitzgerald, G.J. 1983. The reproductive ecology and behaviour of three sympatric sticklebacks (Gasterosteidae) in a saltmarsh. Biological Behavior, 8(1): 67-79.

  • Fitzgerald, G.J. and F.G. Whoriskey. 1985. The effects of interspecific interactions upon male reproductive success in two sympatric sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus and G. wheatlandi. Behaviour, 93(1-4): 112-126.

  • FitzGerald, G.J. and N. van Havre. 1985. Flight, fright and shoaling in sticklebacks (Gasterosteidae). Biological Behavior, 10(4): 321-331.

  • FitzGerald, G.J. and R.J. Wootton. 1986. Behavioural ecology of sticklebacks. The Behavior of Teleost Fishes,: 409-432.

  • FitzGerald, G.J. and G.I. Kedney. 1987. Aggression, fighting, and territoriality in sticklebacks: Three different phenomena? Biological Behavior, 12(4): 186-195.

  • FitzGerald, G.J. and N. van Havre. 1987. The adaptive significance of cannibalism in sticklebacks (Gasterosteidae: Pisces). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 20(2): 125-128.

  • Fitzgerald, G.J., H. Guderley and P. Picard. 1989. Hidden reproductive costs in the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Experimental Biology, 48(5): 295-300.

  • Fitzgerald, G.J. 1991. The role of cannibalism in the reproductive ecology of the threespine stickleback. Ethology, 89(3): 177-194.

  • FitzGerald, G.J. 1992. Egg cannibalism by sticklebacks: spite or selfishness? Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 30(3-4): 201-206.

  • FitzGerald, G.J. and S. Lachance. 1992. Parental care tactics of sticklebacks: Life in an uncertain world. Fourth International Behavioral Ecology Congress, Princeton NJ (USA).

  • FitzGerald, G.J., F.G. Whoriskey, J. Morrissette and M. Harding. 1992. Habitat scale, female cannibalism, and male reproductive success in three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus ). Behavioral Ecology, 3(2): 141-147.

  • FitzGerald, G.J. and J. Morrissette. 1992. Kin recognition and choice of shoal mates by threespine sticklebacks. Ethology Ecology and Evolution, 4(3): 273-283.

  • FitzGerald, G.J. and R.J. Wootton. 1993. The behavioural ecology of sticklebacks. Fish and Fisheries Series, 7: 537-572.

  • FitzGerald, G.J. 1993. The reproductive behavior of the stickleback. Scientific American, 268(4): 50-55.

  • Fitzgerald, G.J. 1993. Seeing red, turning red. Reviews In Fish Biology and Fisheries, 3(3): 286-292.

  • FitzGerald, G.J. and S. Lachance. 1993. Paternal investment in the blackspotted stickleback Gasterosteus wheatlandi. Acta Oecologica, 14(1): 17-22.

  • Fitzgerald, G.J. and N. Caza. 1993. Parental investment in an anadromous population of threespine sticklebacks: An experimental study. Evolutionary Ecology, 7(3): 279-286.

  • Fitzgerald, G.J., M. Fournier and J. Morrissette. 1994. Sexual selection in an anadromous population of threespine sticklebacks - no role for parasites. Evolutionary Ecology, 8(4): 348-356.

  • Fleischer, G.W. and D.C. Brazo. 1985. Further evidence of the encroachment of the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus , into the upper Great Lakes. Canadian field naturalist, 99(4): 540-541.

  • Fletcher, D.A. and R.J. Wootton. 1995. A hierarchical response to differences in ration size in the reproductive performance of female three-spined sticklebacks. Journal of Fish Biology, 46(4): 657-668.

  • Flinkman, J., I. Vuorinen and M. Christiansen. 1994. Calanoid copepod eggs survive passage through fish digestive tracts. Ices, 51(1): 127-129.

  • Foissner, W., H. Berger, H. Blatterer and F. Kohmann. 1995. Taxonomische und okologische Revision der Ciliaten des Saprobiensystems. Band 4: Gymnostomatea, Loxodes, Suctoria. Informationsberichte Des Bayerischen Landesamtes Fuer Wasserwirtschaft, 1: 1-540.

  • Folstad, I., H.A. Mette, A. Karter and A. Skorping. 1994. Sexually selected color in male sticklebacks: a signal of both parasite exposure and parasite resistance? Oikos, 69(3): 511-515.

  • Font, W.F. 1983. Seasonal population dynamics of five species of intestinal helminths of the brook stickleback, Culaea inconstans. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 61(9): 2129-2137.

  • Foote, C.J., K. Moore, K. Stenberg, K.J. Craig, J.K. Wenburg and C.C. Wood. 1999. Genetic differentiation in gill raker number and length in sympatric anadromous and nonanadromous morphs of sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 54(3): 263-274.

  • Foran, C.M., D.A. Myers and A.H. Bass. 1997. Modification of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) mRNA expression in the retinal-recipient thalamus. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 106(2): 251-264.

  • Forsell, J., B. Holmqvist, J.V. Helvik and P. Ekstrom. 1997. Role of the pineal organ in the photoregulated hatching of the Atlantic halibut. International Journal of Developmental Biology, 41(4): 591-595.

  • Forsgren, E., A. Karlsson and C. Kvarnemo. 1996. Female sand gobies gain direct benefits by choosing males with eggs in their nests. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 39(2): 91-96.

  • Foster, J.R. 1977. The role of breeding behavior and habitat preferences on the reproductive isolation of three allopatric populations of ninespine stickleback, Pungitius pungitius. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 55(10): 1601-1611.

  • Foster, S.A., V.B. Garcia and M.Y. Town. 1988. Cannibalism as the cause of an ontogenetic shift in habitat use by fry of the threespine stickleback. Oecologia, 74(4): 577-585.

  • Foster, S.A. 1988. Diversionary displays of paternal stickleback. Defenses against cannibalistic groups. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 22(5): 335-340.

  • Foster, S. and S. Ploch. 1990. Determinants of variation in antipredator behavior of territorial male threespine stickleback in the wild. Ethology, 84(4): 281-294.

  • Foster, S.A., J.A. Baker and M.A. Bell. 1992. Phenotypic integration of life history and morphology: an example from three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Journal of Fish Biology, 41(Supplement B): 21-35.

  • Foster, S.A. 1993. Global, regional and population levels of variation in threespine stickleback behavior: Evolutionary causes and implications. 30th Annual Meeting of the Animal Behavior Society, Davis CA (USA).

  • Foster, S.A. and M.A. Bell. 1994. Evolutionary inference: the value of viewing evolution through stickleback-tinted glasses. In M. A. Bell and S. A. Foster. Ed.^Eds. Evolutionary biology of the threespine stickleback. Oxford University Press, Oxford. : 472-486.

  • Foster, S.A. 1994. Evolution of the reproductive behaviour of threespine stickleback. In M. A. Bell and S. A. Foster. Ed.^Eds. Evolutionary biology of the threespine stickleback. Oxford University Press, Oxford,

  • Foster, S.A. 1994. Inference of evolutionary pattern: diversionary displays of three-spined sticklebacks. Behavioral Ecology, 5(1): 114-121.

  • Foster, S.A. 1995. Understanding the evolution of behavior in threespine stickleback: the value of geographic variation. Behaviour, 132(15-16): 1107-1129.

  • Foster, S.A. 1995. Constraint, adaptation, and opportunism in the design of behavioral phenotypes. Perspectives In Ethology, 11: 61-81.

  • Foster, S.A. and J.A. Baker. 1995. Evolutionary interplay between ecology, morphology and reproductive behavior in threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 44(1-3): 213-223.

  • Foster, S.A., and J.A. Baker. 2004. Evolution in parallel: new insights from a classic system. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 19 (9): 456-459.

  • Foster, S.A., R.J. Scott and W.A. Cresko. 1998. Nested biological variation and speciation. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences, 353(1366): 207-218.

  • Fox, M.G. and A.J. Crivelli. 1998. Body size and reproductive allocation in a multiple spawning centrarchid. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 55(3): 737-748.

  • Fraende, C., J. Kjellman, A. Leskelae and R. Hudd. 1993. The food of three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) on a whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) nursery area in the Bay of Bothnia. Aqua Fennica, 23(1): 85-87.

  • Fraipont, M., G.J. Fitzgerald and H. Guderley. 1992. Femme fatale -- the case of the threespine stickleback. Ethology, 91(2): 147-152.

  • Francis, R.C., A.C. Havens and M.A. Bell. 1985. Unusual lateral plate variation of threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from Knik Lake, Alaska. Copeia, 3: 619-624.

  • Francis, R.C., J.V. Baumgartner, A.C. Havens and M.A. Bell. 1986. Historical and ecological sources of variation among lake populations of threespine sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus , near Cook Inlet, Alaska. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 64(10): 2257-2265.

  • Frande, C., J. Kjellman, A. Leskela and R. Hudd. 1993. The food of the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) on a whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) nursery area in the Bay of Bothnia. Aqua Fennica, 23(1): 85-87.

  • Fraser, J.M. 1978. Comparative recoveries of planted yearling and fall-fingerling brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) frm Ontario lakes. Journal of Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 35(4): 391-396.

  • Fraser, N.C. and G. Power. 1984. The interactive segregation of landlocked Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) from lake charr (S. namaycush ) and brook charr (S. fontinalis ) in two lakes of subarctic Quebec, Canada. Biology of Arctic Charr: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Arctic Charr.

  • Fraser, D.F. and F.A. Huntingford. 1986. Feeding and avoiding predation hazard: The behavioral response of the prey. Ethology, 73(1): 56-68.

  • Fraser, N.C. and G. Power. 1989. Influences of lake trout on lake-resident Arctic char in northern Quebec, Canada. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 118(1): 36-45.

  • Fraser, D., C.E. Adams and F.A. Huntingford. 1998. Trophic polymorphism among Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus L., from Loch Ericht, Scotland. Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 7(4): 184-191.

  • Frischknecht, M. 1992. Breeding coloration of male three-spined sticklebacks as an indicator of energy investment in vigor. Fourth International Behavioral Ecology Congress, Princeton NJ (USA).

  • Frischknecht, M. 1993. The breeding colouration of male three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) as an indicator of energy investment in vigour. Evolutionary Ecology, 7(5): 439-450.

  • Froese, R. 1998. Length-weight relationships for 18 less-studied fish species. Journal of Applied Ichthyology , 14(1-2): 117-118.

  • Frommen, J.G., and T.C.M. Bakker. 2004. Adult Three-Spined Sticklebacks Prefer to Shoal with Familiar Kin. Behaviour, 141(11/12): 1401-1410.

  • Fudge, D.S., E.D. Stevens and J.S. Ballantyne. 1997. Enzyme adaptation along a heterothermic tissue: The visceral retia mirabilia of the bluefin tuna. American Journal of Physiology Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 41(6): R1834-R1840. top

    G

  • Gach, M.H. and T.E. Reimchen. 1989. Mitochondrial DNA patterns among endemic stickleback from the Queen Charlotte Islands: A preliminary survey. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 67(5): 1324-1328.

  • Gach, M.H. 1996. Geographic variation in mitochondrial DNA and biogeography of Culaea inconstans (Gasterosteidae). Copeia, 1996(3): 563-575.

  • Gach, M.H. and W.M. Brown. 1997. Characteristics and distribution of large tandem duplications in brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans) mitochondrial DNA. Genetics, 145(2): 383-394.

  • Gadagkar, R. 1993. Can animals be spiteful? Trends In Ecology and Evolution, 8(7): 232-234.

  • Gaggerman, B. 1985. The roles of daily and annual biological rhythms in the photoperiodic regulation of the breeding season in the stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Behaviour, 93(1-4): 1-7.

  • Gallo, V.P., A. Civinini, L. Mastrolia, G. Leitner and S. Porta. 1993. Cytological and biochemical studies on chromaffin cells in the head kidney of Gasterosteus aculeatus (Teleostei, Gasterosteidae). General and Comparative Endocrinology, 92(2): 133-142.

  • Gandzyura, V.P. 1985. Phosphorus content in fishes from the Dnieper reservoirs. Gidrobiol. Zh./Hydrobiol. J., 21(6): 84-87.

  • Garcia, H.M.P., A.A. Garcia, J.A. Quesada and B. Agulleiro. 1997. Immunocytochemical and ultrastructural characterization of melanotropin and adrenocorticotropin cells from the Mediterranean yellowtail (Seriola dumerilii, Risso 1810). Anatomical Record, 249(1): 74-80.

  • Garcia, A.A., H.M.P. Garcia, J.A. Quesada and B. Agulleiro. 1998. Gonadotropic and thyrotropic cells from the Mediterranean yellowtail (Seriola dumerilii; Risso, 1810): Immunocytochemical and ultrastructural characterization. Anatomical Record, 250(4): 448-458.

  • Garenc, C., F.G. Silversides and H. Guderley. 1998. Burst swimming and its enzymatic correlates in the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus): full-sib heritabilities. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 76(4): 680-688.

  • Garenc, C., P. Couture, M.A. Laflamme and H. Guderley. 1999. Metabolic correlates of burst swimming capacity of juvenile and adult threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Journal of Comparative Physiology B Biochemical Systemic and Environmental Physiology, 169(2): 113-122.

  • Gaudreault, A. and G.J. Fitzgerald. 1985. Field observations of intraspecific and interspecific aggression among sticklebacks (Gasterosteidae). Behaviour, 94(3-4): 203-211.

  • Gaudreault, A., T. Miller, W.L. Montgomery and G.J. FitzGerald. 1986. Interspecific interactions and diet of sympatric juvenile brook charr, Salvelinus fontinalis , and adult ninespine sticklebacks, Pungititus pungitius. Journal of Fish Biology, 28(2): 133-140.

  • Gaumert, D. 1984. [Distribution of fish species and water quality in Lower Saxony]. Arbeiten des Deutschen Fischerei Verbandes, 40: 1-17.

  • Gaumert, D. 1986. [Small freshwater fish in Lower Saxony: Recommendations for species preservation]. MITT. NIEDERSAECHS. LANDESAMT WASSERWIRTSCH., 4(71).

  • Gaze, W.H. and I. Barber. 1995. Effects of helminth infections on the shoaling behaviour of small freshwater fishes. Glasgow University. Stirling.

  • Gaze, W.H. and R. Wootten. 1998. Ectoparasitic species of the genus Trichodina (Ciliophora: Peritrichida) parasitising British freshwater fish. Folia Parasitologica, 45(3): 177-190.

  • Gee, J.H. and H.M. Holst. 1992. Buoyancy regulation by the sticklebacks Culaea inconstans and Pungitius pungitius in response to different salinities and water densities. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 70(8): 1590-1594.

  • Geets, A., C. Appleby and F. Ollevier. 1999. Host-dependent and seasonal variation in opisthaptoral hard parts of Gyrodactylus cf. arcuatus from three Pomatoschistus spp. and G-arcuatus from Gasterosteus aculeatus: a multivariate approach. Parasitology, 119(1): 27-40.

  • Gelowitz, C.M., A. Mathis and R.J.F. Smith. 1993. Chemosensory recognition of northern pike (Esox lucius) by brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans): population differences and the influence of predator diet. Behaviour, 127(1-2): 105-118.

  • George, S.G., J. Wright and J. Conroy. 1995. Temporal studies of the impact of the Braer oilspill on inshore feral fish from Shetland, Scotland. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 29(4): 530-534.

  • Gerulaitis, A., G. K., R. Repecka, V. Valusiene, G. Rudzianskiene, T. Overkaite and D. Skripkaite. 1996. Investigations of fish stocks and catching prognoses in Kursiu Lagoon and the Nemunas Delta. [Fishery And Aquaculture In Lithuania], 1: 165-182.

  • Ghan, D., K.D. Hyatt and J.D. McPhail. 1998. Benefits and costs of vertical migration by the freshwater copepod Skistodiaptomus oregonensis: testing hypotheses through population comparison. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 55(6): 1338-1349.

  • Ghan, D., J.D. McPhail and K.D. Hyatt. 1998. The temporal-spatial pattern of vertical migration by the freshwater copepod Skistodiaptomus oregonensis relative to predation risk. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 55(6): 1350-1363.

  • Gibson, R.M. 1980. Optimal prey-size selection by three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus ): a test of the apparent-size hypothesis. Z. Tierpsychol.., 52(3): 291-307.

  • Gibson, D.W. 1982. Range extension of the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus , to Manitoulin Island, Ontario. Canadian field naturalist, 96(1): 86.

  • Gibson, D.I. and M. Koie. 1991. Magnibursatus caudofilamentosa, new combination (Reimer, 1971) (Digenea: Derogenidae) from the stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus L. in Danish waters: A zoogeographical anomaly? Systematic Parasitology, 20(3): 221-228.

  • Gibson, G.C. 1995. Hox genes and morphological evolution in the stickleback fish. 3rd International Meeting of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution, Hayama (Japan).

  • Gibson, R.M. and T.A. Langen. 1996. How do animals choose their mates? Trends In Ecology and Evolution, 11(11): 468-470.

  • Gilbert, F.F. and E.G. Nancekivell. 1982. Food habits of mink (Mustela vison ) and otter (Lutra canadensis ) in northeastern Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 60(6): 1275-1281.

  • Giles, N. 1981. Predation effects upon the behaviour and ecology of Scottish Gasterosteus aculeatus L. populations. Glasgow University. Glasgow.

  • Giles, N. 1983. The possible role of environmental calcium levels during the evolution of phenotypic diversity on Outer Hebridean populations of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Journal of Zoology, 199(4): 535-544.

  • Giles, N. 1983. Behavioural effects of the parasite Schistocephalus solidus (Cestoda) on an intermediate host, the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Animal Behavior, 31(4): 1192-1194.

  • Giles, N. 1984. Development of the overhead fright response in wild and predator-naive three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Animal Behavior, 32(1): 276-279.

  • Giles, N. and F.A. Huntingford. 1984. Predation risk and inter-population variation in anti-predator behaviour in the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Animal Behavior, 32(1): 264-275.

  • Giles, N. and F.A. Huntingford. 1985. Variability in breeding biology of three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus ): Problems with measuring population differences in aggression. Behaviour, 93(1-4): 57-68.

  • Giles, N. and R.S. Phillips. 1985. A note on the production and use of antisera for the detection of part-digested sticklebacks in predator stomach-content samples. Journal of Fish Biology, 27(6): 827-829.

  • Giles, N. 1987. Predation risk and reduced foraging activity in fish: Experiments with parasitized and non-parasitized three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Journal of Fish Biology, 31(1): 37-44.

  • Giles, N. 1987. Population biology of three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus in Scotland. Journal of Zoology, 212(2): 255-265.

  • Giles, N. 1987. A comparison of the behavioural responses of parasitized and non-parasitized three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus L., to progressive hypoxia. Journal of Fish Biology, 30(5): 631-638.

  • Gilhen, J. and E. Claridge. 1985. Additional records of the brook stickleback, Culaea inconstans , from Nova Scotia. Canadian field naturalist, 99(1): 107-109.

  • Gill, A.B. and P.J.B. Hart. 1994. Feeding behaviour and prey choice of the threespine stickleback: The interacting effects of prey size, fish size and stomach fullness. Animal Behavior, 47(4): 921-932.

  • Gill, A.B. and P.J.B. Hart. 1996. How feeding performance and energy intake change with a small increase in the body size of the three-spined stickleback. Journal of Fish Biology, 48(5): 878-890.

  • Gill, A.B. and P.J.B. Hart. 1996. Unequal competition between three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, L, encountering sequential prey. Animal Behavior, 51(3): 689-698.

  • Gill, A.B. and P.J.B. Hart. 1998. Stomach capacity as a directing factor in prey size selection of three-spined stickleback. Journal of Fish Biology, 53(4): 897-900.

  • Gill, A.B., and P.J.B. Hart 1999. Dynamic changes in prey choice by stickleback during simultaneous encounter with large prey. Journal of Fish Biology,55, (6): 1317-1327.

  • Gillooly, J.F. and G.W. Barlow. 1995. Effects of winter floods on threespine sticklebacks in a restored urban creek. California Fish and Game, 81(4): 155-162.

  • Gillooly, J.F. and J.R. Baylis. 1999. Reproductive success and the energetic cost of parental care in male smallmouth bass. Journal of Fish Biology, 54(3): 573-584.

  • Girvan, J.R. and V.A. Braithwaite. 1997. Variable learning and memory strategies exhibited by three spined sticklebacks from different populations. XXV International Ethological Conference, Vienna (Austria).

  • Girvan, J.R. and V.A. Braithwaite. 1998. Population differences in spatial learning in three-spined sticklebacks. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences, 265(1399): 913-918.

  • Gislason, G.M., A. Gudmundsson and A. Einarsson. 1998. Population densities of the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) in a shallow lake. Internationale Vereinigung Fur Theoretische Und Angewandte Limnologie Verhandlungen, 26(5): 2244-2250.

  • Gjoester, J. 1987. Habitat selection of juvenile cod (Gadus morhua), whiting (Merlangus merlangius) and some littoral fish in an aquarium. Floedevigen Rapportserie, 1: 17-26.

  • Glandt, D. 1983. Experiments on the prey-predactor relationship between sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. and Pungitius pungitius (L.) (Teleostei), and common frog larvae, Rana temporaria L. (Amphibia). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 211(5-6): 277-284.

  • Glandt, D. 1984. Laboratory experiment on the prey-predator relationship between three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. (Teleostei), and common toad larvae, Bufo bufo (L.) (Amphibia). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 213(1-2): 12-16.

  • Glover, M.R.W. 1994. The reproductive behaviour of the fifteen-spined stickleback (Spinachia spinachia). Wales University. Bangor.

  • Godin, J.G. and C.D. Sproul. 1988. Risk taking in parasitized sticklebacks under threat of predation: Effects of energetic need and food availability. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 66(11): 2360-2367.

  • Godin, J.G.J. and S.L. Crossman. 1994. Hunger-dependent predator inspection and foraging behaviours in the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) under predation risk. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 34(5): 359-366.

  • Godin, J.G.J. and S.A. Davis. 1995. Who dares, benefits: Predator approach behaviour in the guppy (Poecilia reticula) deters predator pursuit. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences, 259(1355): 193-200.

  • Godin, J.G.J. and L.A. Dugatkin. 1996. Female mating preference for bold males in the guppy, Poecilia reticulata. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 93(19): 10262-10267.

  • Godin, J.G.J. and K.A.V. Clark. 1997. Risk-taking in stickleback fishes faced with different predatory threats. Ecoscience, 4(2): 246-251.

  • Godin, J.G. and A. MacAulay. 1997. Predator-mediated changes in male courtship affect female mate choice in sticklebacks. XXV International Ethological Conference, Vienna (Austria).

  • Godwin, J.G.J. and K.A. Valdron-Clark. 1997. Risk-taking in stickleback fishes faced with different predatory threats. Ecoscience, 4(2): 246-251.

  • Goldschmidt, T. and T.C.M. Bakker. 1990. Determinants of reproductive success of male sticklebacks in the field and in the laboratory. Netherlands Journal of Zoology, 40(4): 664-687.

  • Goldschmidt, T., S.A. Foster and P. Sevenster. 1992. Inter-nest distance and sneaking in the three-spined stickleback. Animal Behavior, 44(4): 793-795.

  • Goldschmidt, T., T.C.M. Bakker and E. Feuth De Bruijn. 1993. Selective copying in mate choice of female sticklebacks. Animal Behavior, 45(3): 541-547.

  • Golubev, A.V. and E.A. Marusov. 1979. A study of chemoreception in the White Sea threespine (Gasterosteus aculeatus ) during the reproductive period. Biol. Nauki, 35(9): 33.

  • Golubev, A.V. and E.A. Marusov. 1984. Some peculiarities of chemical communication in threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Journal of Ichthyology, 24(6): 67-73.

  • Gomelyuk, V.Y. 1976. Influence of environmental factors on male parental behavior of White Sea threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus ). Journal of Ichthyology, 1976(6): 949-958.

  • Goncalves, E.J. and V.C. Almada. 1997. Sex differences in resource utilization by the peacock blenny. Journal of Fish Biology, 51(3): 624-633.

  • Goodwin, L.K. and D.M. Ensor. 1994. Changes in immune parameters of Gasterosteus aculeatus (L.) in response to sublethal concentrations of heavy metals. International Symposium on Aquatic Animal Health, Seattle WA (USA).

  • Goos, H.J.T. and C.J.J. Richter. 1996. Internal and external factors controlling reproduction in the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. Aquatic Living Resources, 9: 45-58.

  • Gordon, D.M. and M.E. Rau. 1982. Possible Evidence for Mortality Induced by the Parasite Apatemon gracilis in a Population of Brook Sticklebacks (Culaea inconstans ). Parasitology, 84(1): 41-47.

  • Gordon, D.K. and C.D. Levings. 1984. Seasonal changes of inshore fish populations on Sturgeon and Roberts Bank, Fraser River estuary, British Columbia. CAN. TECH. REP. FISH. AQUAT. SCI., 85: 1240.

  • Gormally, M.J. and J.S. Fairley. 1982. Food of Otters Lutra lutra in a Freshwater Lough and an Adjacent Brackish Lough in the West of Ireland. Journal of Zoology, 197(3): 313-321.

  • Gotceitas, V. and P. Colgan. 1991. Assessment of patch profitability and ideal free distribution: The significance of sampling. Behaviour, 119(1-2): 65-76.

  • Gotceitas, V. and J.A. Brown. 1993. Risk of predation to fish larvae in the presence of alternative prey: effects of prey size and number. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 98(3): 215-222.

  • Gothilf, Y., J.A. MunozCueto, C.A. Sagrillo, M. Selmanoff, T.T. Chen, O. Kah, A. Elizur and Y. Zohar. 1996. Three forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in a perciform fish (Sparus aurata): Complementary deoxyribonucleic acid characterization and brain localization. Biology of Reproduction, 55(3): 636-645.

  • Goto, A., K. Oishi and K. Takata. 1979. Breeding habits, growth and food of the ninespine stickleback, Pungitius pungitius (L.) in an artificial waterway of the Kunebetsu river system, Hokkaido. Bulletin of the Faculty of Fisheries Hokkaido University, 30(4): 239-251.

  • Goulet, D. 1997. Reproductive behavior and spawning success of female Amblyglyphidodon leucogaster (Pisces: Pomacentridae) from the Red Sea. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 50(1): 49-60.

  • Grant, P.R. 1994. Ecological character displacement. Science, 266(5186): 746-747.

  • Grant, J.W.A., P.C. Casey, M.J. Bryant and A. Shahsavarani. 1995. Mate choice by male Japanese medaka (Pisces, Oryziidae). Animal Behavior, 50(5): 1425-1428.

  • Grant, J.W.A. and L.D. Green. 1996. Mate copying versus preference for actively courting males by female Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). Behavioral Ecology, 7(2): 165-167.

  • Green, L., P.C. Price and M.E. Hamburger. 1995. Prisoner's dilemma and the pigeon: Control by immediate consequences. Journal of Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 64(1): 1-17.

  • Greenfield, J.P. and M.P. Ireland. 1978. A survey of the macrofauna of a coal-waste polluted Lancashire fluvial system. Environ. Pollut., 16(2): 105-122.

  • Grether, G.F. 1996. Intrasexual competition alone favors a sexually dimorphic ornament in the rubyspot damselfly Hetaerina americana. Evolution , 50(5): 1949-1957.

  • Griffiths, S.W. and A.E. Magurran. 1997. Familiarity in schooling fish: How long does it take to acquire? Animal Behavior, 53(5): 945-949.

  • Griffiths, S.W. and A.E. Magurran. 1997. Schooling preferences for familiar fish vary with group size in a wild guppy population. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences, 264(1381): 547-551.

  • Griffiths, S.W. and A.E. Magurran. 1999. Schooling decisions in gunnies (Poecilia reticulata) are based on familiarity rather than kin recognition by phenotype matching. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 45(6): 437-443.

  • Griffiths, R., K.J. Orr, A. Adam, and I. Barber. 2000. DNA sex identification in the three-spined stickleback. Journal of Fish Biology, 57(5): 1331-1334.

  • Grigelis, A. and A. Vaskeviciute. 1977. Ostracoda of stagnant waters of the Lithuanian SSR. Tr. Akad. Nauk Litovsk. SSR, Ser. C, 2(78): 63-68.

  • Griswold, B.L. and L.L. Smith, Jr. 1973. The life history and trophic relationship of the ninespine stickleback, Pungitius pungitius, in the Apostle ilands area of lake Superior. Fishery Bulletin, 71(4): 1039-1060.

  • Gross, H.P. 1977. Adaptive trends in environmentally sensitive traits in the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Z. Zool. Syst. Evolutionsforsch, 15(4): 252-278.

  • Gross, H.P. 1978. Natural selection by predators on the defensive apparatus of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 56(3): 398-413.

  • Gross, H.P. 1978. Observations on the geographic variation of the marine coastal fish Spinachia spinachia. Marine Biology, 47(3): 297-302.

  • Gross, H.P. 1979. Geographic variation in European ninespine sticklebacks, Pungitius pungitius. Copeia, 1979(3): 405-412.

  • Gross, H.P. and J.M. Anderson. 1984. Geographic variation in the gillrakers and diet of European threespine sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Copeia, 1984(1): 87-97.

  • Gross, M.L. and A.R. Kapuscinski. 1997. Reproductive success of smallmouth bass estimated and evaluated from family-specific DNA fingerprints. Ecology , 78(5): 1424-1430.

  • Grosse, W.R. 1996. [Distribution and habitat selection of the fire-bellied toad in the western Leipzig forest meadows (Saxony).]. Rana Sonderheft, 1: 14-20.

  • Grupcheva, G. and J. Sedlaczek. 1993. Some trichodinid ciliates (Ciliata: Urceolariidae) from common carp and sticklebacks in eastern Germany. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 9(2): 123-128.

  • Guderley, H.E. 1994. Physiological ecology and evolution of the threespine stickleback. In M. A. Bell and S. A. Foster. Ed.^Eds. Evolutionary biology of the threespine stickleback. Oxford University Press, Oxford. : 85-113.

  • Guderley, H. 2004. Locomotor performance and muscle metabolic capacities: impact of temperature and energetic status. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 139(3): 371-382.

  • Guderley, H. and L. Foley. 1990. Anatomic and metabolic responses to thermal acclimation in the ninespine stickleback, Pungitius pungitius. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 8(6): 465-473.

  • Guderley, H. and R.C. Guevara. 1998. Physiological correlates of paternal care in male threespine stickleback. Ecoscience, 5(4): 438-447.

  • Guderley, H., B.A. Lavoie and N. Dubois. 1994. The interaction among age, thermal acclimation and growth rate in determining muscle metabolic capacities and tissue masses in the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 13(5): 419-431. top

    H

  • Hackert, K.K. 1977. Histochemical investigations on the fish kidney (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.). / Histochemische Untersuchungen an der Fischniere (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.). Anat. Anz., 142(6): 86-88.

  • Haenen, O.L.M. and P. Van Banning. 1990. Detection of larvae of Anguillicola crassus (an eel swimbladder nematode) in freshwater fish species. Aquaculture, 87(2): 103-110.

  • Hagen, D.W. 1969. The species problem whithin Gasterosteus aculeatus on the Pacific cost of North America. Journal of Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 27: 147-155.

  • Hagen, D.W. and G.E.E. Moodie. 1979. Polymorphism for breeding colors in Gasterosteus aculeatus. I. Their genetics and geographic distribution. Evolution, 33(2): 641-648.

  • Hagen, D.W., G.E.E. Moodie and P.F. Moodie. 1980. Polymorphism for breeding colors in Gasterosteus aculeatus II. Reproductive success as a result of convergence for threat display. Evolution, 34: 1050-1059.

  • Hagen, D.W. and G.E.E. Moodie. 1982. Polymorphism for plate morphs in Gasterosteus aculeatus on the east coast of Canada and an hypothesis for their global distribution. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 60(5): 1032-1042.

  • Hagen, D.W. and D.M. Blouw. 1983. Heritability of dorsal spines in the fourspine stickleback (Apeltes quadracus ). Heredity, 50(3): 275-281.

  • Haglund, T.R., D.G. Buth and D.M. Blouw. 1990. Allozyme variation and the recognition of the "white stickleback". Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 18(7-8): 559-564.

  • Haglund, T.R., D.G. Buth and R. Lawson. 1992. Allozyme variation and phylogenetic relationships of Asian, North American, and European populations of the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Copeia, 1992(2): 432-443.

  • Haglund, T.R., D.G. Buth and R. Lawson. 1993. Allozyme variation and phylogenetic relationships of Asian, North American, and European populations of the ninespine stickleback, Pungitius pungitius. In R. L. Mayden. Ed.^Eds. Systematics, historical ecology, and North American freshwater fishes. Stanford University Press, Stanford. : 438-452.

  • Hagstroem, O., L.E. Palmen and N. Haakansson. 1995. An acoustic survey on pelagic fish in the Gulf of Bothnia in August 1991. Aqua Fennica, 25: 57-70.

  • Hallet, C. 1977. [Contribution to the study of the diet of the kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) in the Lesse valley]. Aves, 14(2): 128-144.

  • Hamilton, W.J. and R. Poulin. 1995. Parasites, aggression and dominance in male upland bullies. Journal of Fish Biology, 47(2): 302-307.

  • Hamilton, W.J., M.K. Stott and R. Poulin. 1997. Nest site characteristics and male reproductive success in the upland bully, Gobiomorphus breviceps (Eleotridae). Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 6(3): 150-154.

  • Hamilton, W.J. and R. Poulin. 1999. Female preference and male nuptial colouration in the freshwater fish Gobiomorphus breviceps: geographic variation among populations. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 77(3): 463-469.

  • Han, K.H. and Y.U. Kim. 1989. Spawning behavior, embryonic development, and morphology of larvae and juveniles of three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus aculeatus (Linnaeus) reared in the laboratory. Bulletin of National Fisheries University of Busan, 29(1-2): 11-36.

  • Hangelin, C. and I. Vuorinen. 1988. Food selection in juvenile three-spined sticklebacks studied in relation to size, abundance and biomass of prey. Hydrobiologia, 157(2): 169-177.

  • Hansen, P.D. 1980. Uptake and transfer of the chlorinated hydrocarbon-lindane ( -BHC) in a laboratory freshwater food chain. Environ. Pollut., 21A(2): 97-108.

  • Hanson, M. 1984. Effects of impoundment on whitefish, perch, brown trout and stickleback in Lake Lulejaure. INF. SOETVATTENSLAB., DROTTNINGHOLM,(9): 63.

  • Hanson, A., C. Ellingwood, J. Kerekes and A. Smith. 1994. Sackville Waterfowl Park, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada. Baseline characterization, towards long-term monitoring. Hydrobiologia, 279-280: 521-524.

  • Hare, J.A. and R.K. Cowen. 1997. Size, growth, development, and survival of the planktonic larvae of Pomatomus saltatrix (Pisces: Pomatomidae). Ecology , 78(8): 2415-2431.

  • Harrass, M.C. and F.B. Taub. 1983. Effects of small fish predation on microcosm community bioassays. ASTM Special Technical Publication,(47): 117-133.

  • Harris, P.D. 1985. Species of Gyrodactylus von Nordmann, 1832 (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) from freshwater fishes in southern England, with a description of Gyrodactylus rogatensis sp. nov. from the bullhead Cottus gobio L. Journal of Natural History, 19(4): 791-809.

  • Harris, P.D., A. Lambert and E. Vigneux. 1993. Interactions between reproduction and population biology in gyrodactylid monogeans. A review. Bulletin francais de la peche et de la pisciculture, 1993: 47-65.

  • Harris, P.D. 1998. Ecological and genetic evidence for clonal reproduction in Gyrodactylus gasterostei Glaser, 1974. International Journal For Parasitology, 28(10): 1595-1607.

  • Harris, P.D. 1998. Extreme morphological variation between related individuals of Gyrodactylus pungitii Malmberg, 1964 (Monogenea). Systematic Parasitology, 39(2): 137-140.

  • Harris, P.D., M. Gelnar, I.D. Whittington and L.A. Chisholm. 1998. Ecological and genetic evidence for clonal reproduction in Gyrodactylus gasterostei Glaser 1974. International Journal for Parasitology, 28(10): 1595-1607.

  • Hart, M. 1978. A study of a short term behaviour cycle: creeping through in the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.). Part 2. Behaviour, 67(1-2): 1-66.

  • Hart, M. 1985. The influence of fertilization on the creeping through cycle of the three-spined stickleback. Behaviour, 93(1-4): 194-202.

  • Hart, P.J.B. and S. Ison. 1991. The influence of prey size and abundance, and individual phenotype on prey choice by the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Journal of Fish Biology, 38(3): 359-372.

  • Hart, P.J.B. and A.B. Gill. 1992. Constraints on prey size selection by the three-spined stickleback: Energy requirements and the capacity and fullness of the gut. Journal of Fish Biology, 40(2): 205-218.

  • Hart, P.J.B. 1992. Modelling the consequences for growth trajectories of diet choice by threespine stickleback. Fourth International Behavioral Ecology Congress, Princeton NJ (USA).

  • Hart, P.J.B. and A.B. Gill. 1993. Choosing prey size: a comparison of static and dynamic foraging models for predicting prey choice by fish. Marine Behaviour and Physiology, 23(1-4): 79-90.

  • Hart, P.J.B. 1994. Theoretical reflections on the growth of three-spined stickleback morphs from island lakes. Journal of Fish Biology, 45: 27-40.

  • Hart, P.J.B. and A.B. Gill. 1994. Evolution of foraging behaviour in the threespine stickleback. In M. A. Bell and S. A. Foster. Ed.^Eds. Evolutionary biology of the threespine stickleback. Oxford University Press, Oxford. : 207-239.

  • Hart, P.J.B. 1994. How habitat quality, jaw morphology and predation could interact through prey choice to change growth rate in threespine stickleback; a theoretical study. Fisheries Society of the British Isles Annual Symposium: Predator-Prey Relationships in Fishes,, Glasgow (Scotland).

  • Hartmann, F. 1979. Three spines on a stickleback. Natural History, 88(10): 32-35.

  • Harvey, C.J., G.T. Ruggerone and D.E. Rogers. 1997. Migrations of three-spined stickleback, nine-spined stickleback, and pond smelt in the Chignik catchment, Alaska. Journal of Fish Biology, 50(5): 1133-1137.

  • Hatfield, T. 1997. Fluctuating asymmetry and reproductive isolation between two sticklebacks. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 49(1): 63-69.

  • Hatfield, T. 1997. Genetic divergence in adaptive characters between sympatric species of stickleback. American Naturalist, 149(6): 1009-1029.

  • Hatfield, T. and D. Schluter. 1999. Ecological speciation in sticklebacks: Environment-dependent hybrid fitness. Evolution, 53(3): 866-873.

  • Hatfield, T. 2001. Status of the stickleback species pair, Gasterosteus spp., in Hadley Lake, Lasqueti ýIsland, British Columbia. Canadian Field-Naturalist, 115 (4): 579-583.ý

  • Hatfield, T. 2001. Status of the stickleback species pair, Gasterosteus spp., in the Vananda Creek ýwatershed of Texada Island, British Columbia. Canadian Field-Naturalist, 115 (4): 584-590.ý

  • Hatfield, T., and Ptolemy, J. 2001. Status of the stickleback species pair, Gasterosteus spp., in Paxton ýLake, Texada Island, British Columbia. Canadian Field-Naturalist, 115(4): 591-596.ý

  • Hatfield, T., and D. Schluter. 1996. A test for sexual selection on hybrids of two sympatric sticklebacks. Evolution , 50(6): 2429-2434.

  • Hatfield, T., and D. Schluter. 1997. A test for sexual selection on hybrids of two sympatric sticklebacks. Evolution, 50(6): 2429-2434.

  • Hauert, C. and H.G. Schuster. 1998. Extending the iterated prisoner's dilemma without synchrony. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 192(2): 155-166.

  • Hay, O.P. 1907. A new fossil stikleback fish from Nevada. Proc. U.S. Mus. Proc. U.S. Mus., 32(1528): 271-273.

  • Hedrick, R.P., M.L. Kent, R.J. Toth and J.K. Morrison. 1988. Fish infected with Sphaerospora spp. Thelohan (Myxosporea) from waters enzootic for proliferative kidney disease of Salmonids. Journal of Protozoology, 35(1): 13-18.

  • Heins, D.C., J.A. Baker, R.W. King and K. Lahti. 1995. Evaluation of ovum fixation and storage in three-spined stickleback. Journal of Fish Biology, 47(5): 923-925.

  • Heins, D.C. and J.A. Baker. 1999. Evaluation of ovum storage techniques for reproductive studies of fishes. Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 8(2): 65-69.

  • Heiskanen, A.S., T. Tamminen and K. Gundersen. 1996. Impact of planktonic food web structure on nutrient retention and loss from a late summer pelagic system in the coastal northern Baltic Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 145(1-3): 195-208.

  • Heller, R. and M. Milinski. 1979. Optimal foraging of sticklebacks on swarming prey. Animal Behavior, 27(4): 1127-1141.

  • Hellqvist, A., C. Bornestaf, B. Borg and M. Schmitz. 2004. Cloning and sequencing of the FSH-[beta] and LH [beta]-subunit in the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, and effects of photoperiod and temperature on LH-[beta] and FSH-[beta] mRNA expression. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 135(2): 167-174.

  • Helson, B.V. and G.A. Surgeoner. 1986. Efficacy of cypermethrin for the control of mosquito larvae and pupae, and impact on non-target organisms, including fish. J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc., 2(3): 269-275.

  • Henderson, M.A., R.E. Diewert, J. Hume, K. Shortreed, D. Levy and K. Morton. 1991. The carrying capacity of Pitt Lake for juvenile sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,(1797): 1-161.

  • Hendry, A.P., and E.B. Taylor. 2004. How much of the variation in adaptive divergence can be explained by gene flow: an evaluation using lake/stream stickleback. Evolution 58: 2319–2331.

  • Hendry, A.P., E.B. Taylor, and J.D. McPhail. 2002. Adaptive divergence and the balance between selection and gene flow: lake and stream stickleback in the Misty system. Evolution 56:1199-1216.

  • Henning, R. and C.D. Zander. 1981. On the Biology and Food of Small-Sized Fish From the North and Baltic Sea Area. 3. The Colonization of a Freshwater Mud Flat of the Elbe River by Euryhaline Fish. Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie, Supplement, 43(4): 487-505.

  • Henriksson, J., A. Johannisson, P.A. Bergqvist and L. Norrgren. 1996. The toxicity of organoarsenic-based warfare agents: In vitro and in vivo studies. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 30(2): 213-219.

  • Hentschel, H. 1978. The kidney of Spinachia spinachia (L.) Flem. (Gastrosteidae, Pisces). 1. Investigations of juvenile sticklebacks: anatomy, circulation and fine structure. Z. Mikrosk. Anat. Forsch., 91(1): 4-21.

  • Hentschel, H. and W. Meyer. 1979. Oxidative enzymes in the urinary apparatus of several freshwater fishes. Histochem.ical Journal, 11(2): 231-249.

  • Hentschel, H. 1979. The kidney of a teleost, Spinachia spinachia . 2. Histochemical identification of sialic acid-containing glycoprotein and fine structure of mucus secreting cells. Tissue and Cell, 11(3): 517-531.

  • Hermida M., Fernandez C., Amaro R., San Miguel E. 2002. Heritability and "evolvability" of meristic characters in a natural population of Gasterosteus aculeatus. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 80 (3): 532-541.

  • Hermida M, Fernandez J, Amaro R, San Miguel E. 2005. Morphometric and meristic variation in Galician threespine stickleback populations, northwest Spain ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES 73(2): 189-200.

  • Hervio, D.M.L., M.L. Kent, J. Khattra, J. Sakanari, H. Yokoyama and R.H. Devlin. 1997. Taxonomy of Kudoa species (Myxosporea), using a small-subunit ribosomal DNA sequence. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 75(12): 2112.

  • Higuchi, M., A. Goto and F. Yamazaki. 1996. Genetic structure of threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, in Lake Harutori, Japan, with reference to coexisting anadromous and freshwater forms. Ichthyological Research, 43(4): 349-358.

  • Higuchi, M. and A. Goto. 1996. Genetic evidence supporting the existence of two distinct species in the genus Gasterosteus around Japan. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 47(1): 1-16.

  • Hirai, K., S. Tanaka and F. Kato. 1984. Reduction of habitats of threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus (landlocked form), in Oono Basin, Fukui Prefecture, Japan. BULL. JAPAN SEA RES. INST. KANAZAWA UNIV./NIHONKAIIKIKENPO., 16: 93-98.

  • Hirvonen, H. and E. Ranta. 1996. Prey to predator size ratio influences foraging efficiency of larval Aeshna juncea dragonflies. Oecologia , 106(3): 407-415.

  • Hirvonen, H. and E. Ranta. 1996. Within-bout dynamics of diet choice. Behavioral Ecology, 7(4): 494-500.

  • Hislop, J.R.G. 1979. Preliminary observations on the near-surface fish fauna of the northern North Sea in late autumn. Journal of Fish Biology, 15(6): 697-704.

  • Hoelzer, G. 1988. Filial cannibalism in a non-brood cycling marine fish. Environmental biology of fishes, 21(4): 309-313.

  • Hoffman, M., S.J. Lipovsky and C.A. Simenstad. 1978. The use of Pielou's method to determine sample size in food studies. Presented at: 2. Pacific Northwest Technical Workshop, Gutshop '78; Maple Valley, WA (USA); 10 Oct 1978. Gutshop '78. Fish food habits studies. Proceedings of the second Pacific Northwest Technical Workshop, Maple Valley, WA, Washington Sea Grant.

  • Hofmann, M.H. and D.L. Meyer. 1995. The extrabulbar olfactory pathway: Primary olfactory fibers bypassing the olfactory bulb in bony fishes? Brain Behavior and Evolution, 46(6): 378-388.

  • Holloway, J.A. and M.A. Curtis. 1982. Model Relating Plerocercoid Growth to Temperature for Schistocephalus solidus in the Three Spine Stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Fifth International Congress of Parasitology, Toronto Canada.

  • Holm, E. and J.G. Hamilton. 1988. Range extension for the fourspine stickleback, Apeltes quadracus , to Thunder Bay, Lake Superior. Canadian field naturalist, 102(4): 653-656.

  • Holm, G., L. Norrgren and O. Linden. 1991. Reproductive and histopathological effects of long-term experimental exposure to bis(tributyltin)oxide (TBTO) on the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus. Journal of Fish Biology, 38(3): 373-386.

  • Holm, G., L. Norrogren, T. Andersson and A. Thuren. 1993. Effects of exposure to food contaminated with PBDE, PCN or PCB on reproduction, liver morphology and cytochrome P450 activity in the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Aquatic Toxicology Amsterdam, 27(1-2): 33-50.

  • Holm, G., J. Lundstrom, T. Andersson and L. Norrgren. 1994. Influences of halogenated organic substances on ovarian development and hepatic EROD activity in the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, and rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquatic Toxicology Amsterdam, 29(3-4): 241-256.

  • Holmqvist, B.I. and P. Ekstroem. 1991. Galanin-like immunoreactivity in the brain of teleosts: Distribution and relation to substance P, vasotocin, and isotocin in the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar ). Journal of Comparative Neurology, 306(3): 361-381.

  • Honkanen, T. and P. Ekstroem. 1988. Labelling of olfactory epithelium and olfactory fibers in (Gasterosteus aculeatus L., teleostei). European Neuroscience Association, 11th Annual Meeting, Zurich(Switzerland).

  • Honkanen, T. and P. Ekstrom. 1990. An immunocytochemical study of the olfactory projections in the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 292(1): 65-72.

  • Honkanen, T. and P. Ekstrom. 1991. An immunocytochemical study of the development of the olfactory system in the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L., Teleostei). Anatomy and Embryology, 184(5): 469-478.

  • Honkanen, T. and P. Ekstrom. 1992. Comparative study of the olfactory epithelium of the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) and the nine-spined stickleback (Pungitius pungitius). Cell and Tissue Research, 269(2): 267-273.

  • Honkanen, T. 1993. Comparative study of the lateral-line system of the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) and the nine-spined stickleback (Pungitius pungitius). Acta Zoologica , 74(4): 331-336.

  • Honma, Y., S. Shioda and S. Yoshie. 1977. Changes in the thyroid gland associated with diadromous migration of the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology, 24(1): 17-25.

  • Honma, Y. 1995. Note on the histology of an acanthocephalan worm parasitic on the intestine of a ninespine stickleback, Pungitius pungitius (Linnaeus). Report of the Sado Marine Biological Station Niigata University,(25): 1-11.

  • Horsted, S.J., T.G. Nielsen, B. Riemann, J. Pock Steen and P. Koefoed Bjoernsen. 1988. Regulation of zooplankton by suspension-feeding bivalves and fish in estuarine enclosures. Marine ecology progress series, 48(3): 217-224.

  • Hosemann, K.E., P.F. Colosimo, B.R. Summers, and D.M. Kingsley. 2004. A Simple and Efficient Microinjection Protocol for Making Transgenic Sticklebacks. Behaviour, 141(11/12): 1345-1356.

  • Hotta, T., H. Hasegawa, K. Chiba, H. Sekikawa and M. Otsuru. 1980. Studies on the diphyllobothriid cestodes in northern Japan (3) plerocercoids recovered from three-spined sticklebacks caught in the Lake Tofutsu of Hokkaido and an adult developed in the hamster. Japanese Journal of Parasitology, 29(3): 157-161.

  • Howard, R.D., R.S. Martens, S.A. Innis, J.M. Drnevich and J. Hale. 1998. Mate choice and mate competition influence male body size in Japanese medaka. Animal Behavior, 55(5): 1151-1163.

  • Hoyle, J.A. and A. Keast. 1972. The effect of prey morphology and size on handling time in a piscivore, the largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65(8): 1972-1977.

  • Hsu, Y.Y. and L.L. Wolf. 1999. The winner and loser effect: integrating multiple experiences. Animal Behavior, 57(4): 903-910.

  • Hudon, J. and H. Guderley. 1984. An electrophoretic study of the phylogenetic relationships among four species of sticklebacks (Pisces: Gasterosteidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 62(11): 2313-2316.

  • Hudson, P.L., C.A. Bowen, II and R.M. Stedman. 1994. New records of Ergasilus (Copepoda: Ergasilidae) in the Laurentian Great Lakes, including a lakewide review of records and host associations. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 72(6): 1002-1009.

  • Hughes, R.N. and M.I. Croy. 1993. An experimental analysis of frequency-dependent predation (switching) in the 15-spined stickleback, Spinachia spinachia. Journal of Animal Ecology, 62(2): 341-352.

  • Hughes, R.N. and M.J. Taylor. 1997. Genotype-environment interaction expressed in the foraging behaviour of dogwhelks, Nucella lapillus (L), under simulated environmental hazard. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences, 264(1380): 417-422.

  • Hughes, R.N. and C.M. Blight. 1999. Algorithmic behaviour and spatial memory are used by two intertidal fish species to solve the radial maze. Animal Behaviour, 3: 601-613.

  • Hugie, D.M. and L.M. Dill. 1994. Fish and game: A game theoretic approach to habitat selection by predators and prey. Journal of Fish Biology, 45(Suppl. A): 151-169.

  • Huntingford, F.A. 1979. Pre-breeding aggression in male and female three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus ). Aggressive Behaviour, 5(1): 51-58.

  • Huntingford, F.A. 2003. A history of Animal Behaviour by a partial, ignorant and prejudiced ethologist, Animal Behaviour, 66(3): 409-415.

  • Huntingford, F. and N. Giles. 1987. Individual variation in anti-predator responses in the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.). Ethology, 74(3): 205-210.

  • Huntingford, F.A. and P.J. Wright. 1989. How sticklebacks learn to avoid dangerous feeding patches. Behavioural Processes, 19(1): 181-189.

  • Huntingford, F.A. and R.M. Coulter. 1989. Habituation of predator inspection in the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Journal of Fish Biology, 35(1): 153-154.

  • Huntingford, F.A. and P.J. Wright. 1992. Inherited population differences in avoidance conditioning in three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Behaviour, 122(3-4): 264-273.

  • Huntingford, F.A. and P.J. Wright. 1993. The development of adaptive variation in predator avoidance in freshwater fishes. Marine Behaviour and Physiology, 23(1-4): 45-61.

  • Huntingford, F.A., P.J. Wright and J.F. Tierney. 1994. Adaptive variation in antipredator behaviour in threespine stickleback. In M. A. Bell and S. A. Foster. Ed.^Eds. Evolutionary biology of the threespine stickleback. Oxford University Press, Oxford. : 277-296.

  • Huntingford, F.A., J. Lazarus, B.D. Barrie and S. Webb. 1994. A dynamic analysis of cooperative predator inspection in sticklebacks. Animal Behavior, 47(2): 413-423.

  • Hutcheson, M.S. 1983. Toxicological effects of potash brine on Bay of Fundy marine organisms. Marine environmental research, 9(4): 237-255.

  • Hyatt, K.D. and N.H. Ringler. 1989. Role of nest raiding and egg predation in regulating population density of threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus ) in a coastal British Columbia lake. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 46(3): 372-383.

  • Hyatt, K.D. and N.H. Ringler. 1989. Egg cannibalism and the reproductive strategies of threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) in a coastal British Columbia lake. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 67(8): 2036-2046. top

    I

  • Ibrahim, A.A. and F.A. Huntingford. 1988. Foraging efficiency in relation to within-species variation in morphology in three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Journal of Fish Biology, 33(5): 823-824.

  • Ibrahim, A.A. and F.A. Huntingford. 1989. Laboratory and field studies on diet choice in three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus L., in relation to profitability and visual features of prey. Journal of Fish Biology, 34(2): 245-257.

  • Ibrahim, A.A. and F.A. Huntingford. 1989. Laboratory and field studies of the effect of predation risk on foraging in three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus ). Behaviour, 109(1-2): 46-57.

  • Ibrahim, A.A. and F.A. Huntingford. 1989. The role of visual cues in prey selection in three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus ). Ethology, 81(4): 265-272.

  • Ibrahim, A.A. and F.A. Huntingford. 1990. Feeding morphology and behaviour in three-spined sticklebacks from two Scottish sites with different invertebrate fauna. Scottish Naturalist, 102: 69-86.

  • Ibrahim, A.A. and F.A. Huntingford. 1992. Experience of natural prey and feeding efficiency in three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.). Journal of Fish Biology, 41(4): 619-625.

  • Igarashi, K. 1969. Studies on the lateral scutes of stickleback (Gasterosteidae) in Japan-VI. An observation on the development of the scutes in ten-spined stickleback, Pungitius kaibarae (Tanaka). Japanese Journal of Ichthyology, 16(1): 10-16.

  • Igarashi, K. 1970. Studies on the lateral scutes of sticklebacks (Gasterosteidae) in Japan-VII. Development of the scutes of the ten-spined stickleback, Pungitius tymensis (Nikolsky). Japanese Journal of Ichthyology, 17(1): 45-50.

  • Iigo, M. and K. Aida. 1995. Effects of season, temperature, and photoperiod on plasma melatonin rhythms in the goldfish, Carassius auratus. Journal of Pineal Research, 18(2): 62-68.

  • Ikeda, K. 1993. The distribution and variation of Gasterosteidae in Japan. Zoology Magazine, 45: 141-173.

  • Ikehara, K. 1977. Studies on the fish eggs and larvae accompanied with drifting sea weeds in the Sado Strait and its vicinity. Bull. Jap. Sea Reg. Fish. Res. Lab,(28): 17-28.

  • International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, O. 1995. Naucrates Rafinesque, 1810 and Xyrichtys Cuvier, 1814 (Osteichthyes, Perciformes): conserved. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 52(1): 109-110.

  • International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, O. 1996. Scomber dentex Bloch and Schneider, 1801 (currently Caranx or Pseudocaranx dentex) and Caranx lugubris Poey, (1860) (Osteichthyes, Perciformes): specific names conserved. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 53(2): 140-141.

  • Iqbal, Z. 1997. Aspects of the biology of the cestodeProteocephalus filicollis (Rudolph) from Gasterosteus aculeatus L. (BL). University of Stirling. Stirling.

  • Iribarne, O. 1996. Habitat structure, population abundance and the opportunity for selection on body weight in the amphipod Eogammarus oclairi. Marine Biology, 127(1): 143-150.

  • Irving, P.W. and A.E. Magurran. 1997. Contest-dependent fright reactions in captive European minnows: The importance of naturalness in laboratory experiments. Animal Behavior, 53(6): 1193-1201. top

    J

  • Jaenicke, H.W., M.S. Hoffman and M.L. Dahlberg. 1987. Food habits of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka ) fry and threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus ) in Lake Nunavaugaluk, Alaska, and a strategy to improve sockeye salmon survival and growth. Can. Spec. Publ. Fish. Aquat. Sci.,(96): 161-175.

  • Jakobsen, P.J. and G. Johnsen. 1985. [The importance of prey density with the use of live food]. Norsk Fiskeoppdrett, 10(1): 34.

  • Jakobsen, P. and T. Klepaker. 1986. Freshwater tolerance in the trachurus form of three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus L. in West Norway. Fauna Norvegica, Series A, 6: 9-12.

  • Jakobsen, P.J. and G.H. Johnsen. 1987. The influence of predation on horizontal distribution of zooplankton species. Freshwater biology, 17(3): 501-507.

  • Jakobsen, P.J., G.H. Johnsen and P. Larsson. 1988. Effects of predation risk and parasitism of the feeding ecology, habitat use, and abundance of lacustrine threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus ). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 45(3): 426-431.

  • Jakobsen, P.J., K. Birkeland and G.H. Johnsen. 1994. Swarm location in zooplankton as an anti-predator defence mechanism. Animal Behavior, 47(1): 175-178.

  • Jakobsen, P.J. and C. Wedekind. 1998. Copepod reaction to odor stimuli influenced by cestode infection. Behavioral Ecology, 9(4): 414-418.

  • Jakobsson, S., O. Brick and C. Kullberg. 1995. Escalated fighting behaviour incurs increased predation risk. Animal Behavior, 49(1): 235-239.

  • Jakobsson, S., I. Mayer, R.W. Schulz, M.A. Blankenstein and B. Borg. 1995. Androgen binding in the stickleback kidney. Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium On Reproductive Physiology of Fish, University of Texas At Austin.

  • Jakobsson, S., I. Mayer, R.W. Schulz, M.A. Blankenstein and B. Borg. 1996. Specific binding of 11-ketotestosterone in an androgen target organ, the kidney of the male three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 15(6): 459-467.

  • Jakobsson, S., B. Borg, C. Haux and S.J. Hyllner. 1999. An 11-ketotestosterone induced kidney-secreted protein: the nest building glue from male three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 20(1): 79-85.

  • James, K.E.S. and R. Poulin. 1998. The effects of perceived competition and parasitism on the foraging behaviour of the upland bully (Eleotridae). Journal of Fish Biology, 53(4): 827-834.

  • Jamieson, I.G. and P.W. Colgan. 1989. Eggs in the nests of males and their effect on mate choice in the three-spined stickleback. Animal Behavior, 38(5): 859-865.

  • Jamieson, I.G., D.M. Blouw and P.W. Colgan. 1992. Field observations on the reproductive biology of a newly discovered stickleback (Gasterosteus). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 70(5): 1057-1063.

  • Jamieson, I.G. and P.W. Colgan. 1992. Sneak spawning and egg stealing by male threespine sticklebacks. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 70(5): 963-967.

  • Jamieson, I.G., D.M. Blouw and P.W. Colgan. 1992. Parental care as a constraint on male mating success in fishes: A comparative study of threespine and white sticklebacks. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 70(5): 956-962.

  • Jamieson, I. 1994. Mate choice in three-spined sticklebacks: A reply to Goldschmidt et al. Animal Behavior, 47(4): 991-993.

  • Jamieson, I.G. 1994. The evolution of conspicuous coloration in male three-spined sticklebacks: Contradictory results and conflicting studies. Ecoscience, 1(4): 281-284.

  • Jamieson, I. 1995. Do Female fish prefer to spawn in nests with eggs for reasons of mate choice copying or egg survival? American Naturalist, 145(5): 824-832.

  • Jastrzebski, M. 1989. Ultrastructural study on the development of Goussia aculeati , a coccidium parasitizing the three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 6(1): 45-53.

  • Jastrzebski, M. and Z. Komorowski. 1990. Light and electron microscopic studies on Goussia zarnowskii (Jastrzebski, 1982): An intestinal coccidium parasitizing the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus (L.). Journal of Fish Disease, 13(1): 1-24.

  • Jenkins, J.J. 1994. Classical conditioning to a social stimulus in the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). 1994 Midwest Animal Behavior Conference, Carbondale IL (USA).

  • Jenkins, J.R. and W.J. Rowland. 1996. Pavlovian conditioning of agonistic behavior in male threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Journal of Comparative Psychology, 110(4): 396-401.

  • Jenkins, J.R. and W.J. Rowland. 1997. Learning influences courtship preferences of male threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Ethology , 103(11): 954-965.

  • Jenkins, J. 1997. Pavlovian conditioning of sexual behavior in male threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Behavioural Processes, 41(2): 133-137.

  • Jensen, K.H., P.J. Jakobsen and O.T. Kleiven. 1998. Fish kairomone regulation of internal swarm structure in Daphnia pulex (Cladocera: Crustacea). Hydrobiologia, 368: 123-127.

  • Jeppesen, E., J. Bgestrand, P. Skiver and M. Sondergaard. 1994. Impact of macrophyte coverage on fish-zooplankton-phytoplankton interactions in a shallow temperate lake. Lake and Reservoir Management, 9(2): 84.

  • Jessat, M. 1995. Nachweis des kleinen Stichlings (Pungitius pungitius) im ehemaligen Landkreis Borna/Nordwestsachsen. Mauritiana, 15(3): 383.

  • Jimenez, A.J., P. FernandezLlebrez and J.M. PerezFigares. 1995. Central projections from the goldfish pineal organ traced by HRP-immunocytochemistry. Histology and Histopathology, 10(4): 847-852.

  • Jockusch, E.L. 1997. Geographic variation and phenotypic plasticity of number of trunk vertebrae in slender salamanders, Batrachoseps (Caudata: Plethodontidae). Evolution , 51(6): 1966-1982.

  • Joergensen, L. and A. Klemetsen. 1995. Food resource partitioning of Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.) and three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L., in the littoral zone of Lake Takvatn in northern Norway. Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 4(2): 77-84.

  • John, M.V., I. Parwez, M.V.S. Sivaram, S. Mehta, N. Marwah and S. Ali. 1996. Analysis of VNTR loci in fish genomes using synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotide probes. Genetics, 172(2): 191-197.

  • Johnstone, R.A. 1995. Sexual selection, honest advertisement and the handicap principle: Reviewing the evidence. Biological Reviews of Cambridge Philosophical Society, 70(1): 1-65.

  • Johnstone, R.A. 1997. The tactics of mutual mate choice and competitive search. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 40(1): 51-59.

  • Jonasson, P.M. 1992. The ecosystem of Thingvallavatn: A synthesis. Oikos, 64(1-2): 405-434.

  • Jones, D.H. and A.W.G. John. 1978. A three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. from the North Atlantic. Journal of Fish Biology, 13(2): 231-236.

  • Jones, H.M. and C.A. Paszkowski. 1997. Effects of northern pike on patterns of nest use and reproductive behavior of male fathead minnows in a boreal lake. Behavioral Ecology, 8(6): 655-662.

  • Jones, J.C. and J.D. Reynolds. 1997. Effects of pollution on reproductive behaviour of fishes. Reviews In Fish Biology and Fisheries, 7(4): 463-491.

  • Jones, H.M. and C.A. Paszkowski. 1997. Effects of exposure to predatory cues on territorial behaviour of male fathead minnows. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 49(1): 97-109.

  • Jones, A.G., S. OstlundNilsson and J.C. Avise. 1998. A microsatellite assessment of sneaked fertilizations and egg thievery in the fifteenspine stickleback. Evolution, 52(3): 848-858.

  • Jones, J.C. and J.D. Reynolds. 1999. Costs of egg ventilation for male common gobies breeding in conditions of low dissolved oxygen. Animal Behavior, 57(1): 181-188.

  • Jones, J.C. and J.D. Reynolds. 1999. The influence of oxygen stress on female choice for male nest structure in the common goby. Animal Behavior, 57(1): 189-196.

  • Jop, K.M., T.F. Parkerton, J.H. Rodgers, Jr., K.L. Dickson and P.B. Dorn. 1987. Comparative toxicity and speciation of two hexavalent chromium salts in acute toxicity tests. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry , 6(9): 697-703.

  • Jorgensen, L. and A. Klemetsen. 1995. Food resource partitioning of Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.) and three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L., in the littoral zone of lake Takvatn in northern Norway. Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 4(2): 77-84.

  • Jorgensen, K. 1997. [Great breeding success of the green toads in Greve and Avedore.]. Nordisk Herpetologisk Forening, 40(2): 68-76.

  • Juerss, K., T. Bittorf, T. Voekler and R. Wacke. 1982. Experimental studies on biochemical and physiological differences between the three morphs of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. I. Gill Na/K-ATPase, muscle alanine aminotransferase and muscle aspartate aminotransferase activities. Zoologische Jahrbuecher, 86(2): 267-272.

  • Juerss, K., K. Marin, T. Kerstan and R. Bastrop. 1997. Population and gender-based differences in tissue-specific enzyme activities in brackish water and freshwater threespine sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Marine Biology , 130(2): 301-308.

  • Jurss, K., K. Marin, T. Kerstan and R. Bastrop. 1997. Population and gender-based differences in tissue-specific enzyme activities in brackish water and freshwater threespine sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Marine Biology, 130(2): 301-308.

  • Jurvelius, J., J. Leinikki, V. Mamylov and S. Pushkin. 1996. Stock assessment of pelagic three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus): a simultaneous up- and down-looking echo-sounding study. Fisheries Research, 27(4): 227-241. top

    K

  • Kaiser, M.J. and M.I. Croy. 1991. Population structure of the fifteen-spined stickleback, Spinachia spinachia (L.). Journal of Fish Biology, 39(1): 129-131.

  • Kaiser, M.J., A.P. Westhead, R.N. Hughes and R.N. Gibson. 1992. Are digestive characteristics important contributors to the profitability of prey? A study of diet selection in the fifteen-spined stickleback, Spinachia spinachia L.). Oecologia, 90(1): 61-69.

  • Kaiser, M.J. 1992. The ontogeny of predatory mechanisms in the fifteen-spined stickleback, Spinachia spinachia (L.). Journal of Fish Biology, 40(3): 485-487.

  • Kaiser, M.J., R.N. Gibson and R.N. Hughes. 1992. The effect of prey type on the predatory behaviour of the fifteen-spined stickleback, Spinachia spinachia (L.). Animal Behavior, 43(1): 147-156.

  • Kaiser, M.J. and R.N. Hughes. 1993. Factors affecting the behavioural mechanisms of diet selection in fishes. Marine Behaviour and Physiology, 23(1-4): 105-118.

  • Kalas, S. 1995. The ecology of ruffe, Gymnocephalus cernuus (Pisces: Percidae) introduced to Mildevatn, western Norway. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 42(3): 219-232.

  • Kalyakina, N.M. and V.I. Tsvetkov. 1984. The fish feeding at the intertidal zone in the White Sea. Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta Seriya XVI Biologiya, 39(4): 14-19.

  • Kalyakina, N.M. and V.I. Tsvetkov. 1984. Food intake of fish in the White Sea littoral. Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta Seriya XVI Biologiya, 39(4): 15-21.

  • Kamunde, C.N. and S.M. Kisia. 1994. Fine Structure of the Nephron in the Euryhaline Teleost, Oreochromis-Niloticus. Acta Biologica Hungarica, 45(1): 111-121.

  • Kangur, M. 1999. Fishes of the North-Estonian rivers. Hydrobiological research in the Baltic countries,(Part 1. Rivers and lakes): 363-368.

  • Karino, K. 1995. Effective timing of male courtship displays for female mate choice in a territorial damselfish Stegastes nigricans. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology, 42(2): 173-180.

  • Karlsen, O., J.C. Holm and O.S. Kjesbu. 1995. Effects of Periodic Starvation on Reproductive Investment in 1st-Time Spawning Atlantic Cod (Gadus-Morhua L). Aquaculture, 133(2): 159-170.

  • Karlsson, L., E. Ikonen, A. Mitans and S. Hansson. 1999. The diet of salmon (Salmo salar) in the Baltic sea and connections with the M74 syndrome. Ambio , 28(1): 37-42.

  • Karrow, P.F., A. Ceska, R.J. Hebda, B.B. Miller, K.L. Seymour and A.J. Smith. 1995. Diverse nonmarine biota from the Whidbey Formation (Sangamonian) at Point Wilson, Washington. Quaternary Research, 44(3): 434-437.

  • Kassen, R., D. Schluter and J.D. McPhail. 1995. Evolutionary history of threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus spp) in British Columbia: Insights from a physiological clock. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 73(11): 2154-2158.

  • Katano, O. and K. Maekawa. 1995. Individual differences in egg cannibalism in female dark chub (Pisces: Cyprinidae). Behaviour, 132(3-4): 237-253.

  • Katano, O. and K. Iguchi. 1996. Individual differences in territory and growth of ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis (Osmeridae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 74(12): 2170-2177.

  • Katayama, S., M. Omori and R.L. Radtke. 1998. Analyses of growth processes of pond smelt, Hypomesus nipponensis, in Lake Ogawara, Japan, through the use of daily otolith increments. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 52(1-3): 313-319.

  • Katayama, S., Y. Sugawara, M. Omori and A. Okata. 1999. Maturation and spawning processes of anadromous and resident pond smelt in Lake Ogawara. Ichthyological Research, 46(1): 7-18.

  • Katsiadaki I., A.P. Scott, and P. Matthiessen. 2000. The use of the three-spined stickleback as a potential biomarker for androgenic xenobiotics. In the Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on the Reproductive Physiology of Fish, Bergen, Norway, July 4-9, 1999, Norberg B., Kjesbu O. S., Taranger G. L., Andersson E., Stefansson S. O. (eds.), pp: 359-361.

  • Katsiadaki, I., A.P. Scott, M.R. Hurst, P. Matthiessen, and I. Mayer. 2001. Detection of environmental androgens: A novel method based on ELISA of spiggin, the stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) glue protein. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 21(9), pp: 1946-1954.

  • Katsiadaki,I., A. P. Scott and I. Mayer, 2002. The potential of the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) as a combined biomarker for oestrogens and androgens in European waters, Marine Environmental Research, 54(3-5): 725-728.

  • Kavaliers, M. and D.D. Colwell. 1995. Decreased predator avoidance in parasitized mice: Neuromodulatory correlates. Parasitology, 111(3): 257-263.

  • Kean, H.J.C., S. Pearre, Jr. and L.M. Dickie. 1988. Experimental predation by sticklebacks on larval mackerel and protection of fish larvae by zooplankton alternative prey. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 124(3): 239-259.

  • Keast, A. 1978. Trophic and spatial interrelationships in the fish species of an Ontario temperate lake. Environmental Biology of Fishies, 3(1): 7-31.

  • Kedney, G.I., V. Boule and G.J. FitzGerald. 1986. The reproductive ecology of threespine sticklebacks breeding in fresh and brackish water. AM. FISH. SOC. SYMP. SER, 1: 151-161.

  • Keivany, Y.K. 1996. Taxonomic revision of the genus Pungitius with emphasis on P. hellenicus. Department of biological Sciences. University of Alberta. Edmonton: 98.

  • Keivany, Y. 2000. Phylogenetic relationships of Gasterosteiformes. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta. Edmonton. 201 pp.

  • Keivany, Y. and J.S. Nelson. 1998. Comparative osteology of the Greek ninespine stickleback Pungitius hellenicus (Teleostei, Gasterosteidae). Journal of Ichthyology, 38(6): 430-440.

  • Keivany, Y., and J.S. Nelson. 2000. Taxonomic review of the genus Pungitius, ninespine sticklebacks (Teleostei, Gasterosteidae). Cybium, 24(2): 107-122.

  • Keivany, Y., and J.S. Nelson. 2004. Phylogenetic Relationships of Sticklebacks (Gasterosteidae), with Emphasis on Ninespine Sticklebacks (Pungitius SPP.). Behaviour, 141(11/12): 1485-1497.

  • Keivany, Y., J.S. Nelson and P.S. Economidis. 1997. Validity of Pungitius hellenicus Stephanidis, 1971 (Teleostei, Gasterosteidae), a stickleback fish from Greece. Copeia, 1997(3): 558-564.

  • Keivany, Y., C.K. Daoulas, J.S. Nelson and P.S. Economidis. 1999. Threatened fishes of the world: Pungitius hellenicus Stephanidis, 1971 (Gasterosteidae). Environmental Biology of Fishes, 55(4): 390.

  • Kelly-Quinn, M. 1986. A study of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) populations in the River Dodder catchment, with particular reference to the Owendoher stream. Dublin University College. Dublin.

  • Kelso, J.R.M. and F.J. Ward. 1977. Unexploited percid populations of West Blue Lake, Manitoba, and their interactions. [Presented atPercid International Symposium (PERCIS); Quetico, Ont., Canada; 24 Sept 1976]. Journal of Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 34(10): 1655-1669.

  • Kemper, J.H. 1985. Foraging strategy in the spoonbill ('Platalea leucorodia'). Rept,(44): 36.

  • Kemper, J.H. 1995. Role of the three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus L in the food ecology of the spoonbill Platalea leucorodia. Behaviour, 132(15-16): 1285-1299.

  • Kennedy, C.R., P. Nie and J. Rostron. 1992. An insect, Sialis lutaria, as a host for larval Proteocephalus sp. Journal of Helminthology, 66(1): 7-16.

  • Kennedy, M. and R.D. Gray. 1997. Habitat choice, habitat matching and the effect of travel distance. Behaviour, 134(11-12): 905-920.

  • Kent, M.L., M. Higgins, D.J. Whitaker and H. Yokoyama. 1995. Proliferative kidney disease and Sphaerospora oncorhynchi in wild-caught salmonids from the Puntledge River system, Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 52(Suppl1): 13-17.

  • Kent, M.L., G.S. Traxler, D. Kieser, J. Richard, S.C. Dawe, R.W. Shaw, G. ProsperiPorta, J. Ketcheson and T.P.T. Evelyn. 1998. Survey of salmonid pathogens in ocean-caught fishes in British Columbia, Canada. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, 10(2): 211-219.

  • Kesminas, V., T. Virbickas and J. Virbickas. 1996. On fish stocks in Lithuanian rivers. [Fishery and Aquaculture in Lithuania],: 229-236.

  • Kesminas, V. and T. Virbickas. 1999. Fish species diversity and productivity in the rivers. Hydrobiological research in the Baltic countries. Part 1. Rivers and lakes,: 66-103.

  • Ketele, A.G.L. and R.F. Verheyen. 1985. Competition for space between the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. f. leiura and the nine-spined stickleback, Pungitius pungitius (L.). Behaviour, 93(1-4): 127-138.

  • Khan, N.A., D. Troutaud, J.P. Moulinoux and P. Deschaux. 1996. Characterization of serotonin receptors in fish brain: Polyamines inhibit the binding process. Neuroscience Research Communications, 18(2): 97-105.

  • Khan, N.A. and P. Deschaux. 1997. Role of serotonin in fish immunomodulation. Journal of Experimental Biology, 200(13): 1833-1838.

  • Kie, M. 1990. The life cycle of Pygidiopsis ardeae Kie, 1990 (Digenea, Heterophyidae). Journal of Parasitology, 76(4): 537-541.

  • Kie, M. 1992. Life cycle and structure of the fish digenean Brachyphallus crenatus (Hemiuridae). Journal of Parasitology, 78(2): 338-343.

  • Kie, M. and H.P. Fagerholm. 1995. The life cycle of Contracaecum osculatum (Rudolphi, 1802) sensu stricto (Nematoda, Ascaridoidea, Anisakidae) in view of experimental infections. Parasitology Research, 81(6): 481-489.

  • Kils, U., U. Waller and P. Fischer. 1989. The fish-kill of the autumn 1988 in Kiel Bay. Ices Council Meeting (COLLECTED PAPERS), 1-6.

  • Kim, I.S., C.H. Yoon and J.H. Lee. 1989. Morphological variation and karyotype of the Korean species of Sticklebacks (Pisces, Gasterosteidae) in Korea. Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology, 5(2): 107-119.

  • King, D.L. and C.N. Spencer. 1983. Maximizing aquaculture potential in municipal wastewater ponds. Michigan State University. East Lansing: 44.

  • Kingsley, D.M., B. Zhu, K. Osoegawa, P.J. de Jong, J. Schein, M. Marra, C. Peichel, C. Amemiya, D. Schluter, S. Balabhadra, B. Friedlander, Y.M. Cha, M. Dickson, J. Grimwood, J. Schmutz, W.S. Talbot, and R. Myers. 2004. New Genomic Tools for Molecular Studies of Evolutionary Change in Threespine Sticklebacks. Behaviour, 141(11/12): 1331-1344.

  • Kirkwood, R.C., A.R. Henderson and J.D. Hamilton. 1986. The status of fish populations in the Clyde Estuary. Proc. R. Soc. Edinb., Sect. B, 90: 157-170.

  • Kislalioglu, M. and R.N. Gibson. 1976. Some factors governing prey selection by the 15-spined stickleback, Spinachia spinachia (L.), Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 25(2): 159-169.

  • Kislalioglu, M. and R.N. Gibson. 1976. Prey 'handling time' and its importance in food selection by the 15-spined stickleback, Spinachia spinachia (L.). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 25(2): 151-158.

  • Klepaker, T. 1993. Morphological changes in a marine population of threespined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus, recently isolated in fresh water. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 71(6): 1251-1258.

  • Klepaker, T. 1995. Postglacial evolution in lateral plate morphs in Norwegian freshwater populations of the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 73(5): 898-906.

  • Klepaker, T. 1996. Lateral plate polymorphism in marine and estuarine populations of the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) along the coast of Norway. Copeia, 1996(4): 832-838.

  • Klinger, S.A., J.J. Magnuson and G.W. Gallepp. 1982. Survival mechanisms of the central mudminnow (Umbra limi ), fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas ) and brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans ) for low oxygen in winter. Environmental biology of fishes, 7(2): 113-120.

  • Klinkhardt, M.B. and B. Buuk. 1990. Karyological studies in several species of freshwater fishes from brackish coastal waters of the southwestern Baltic Sea: III. The three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus, 1758) and the nine-spined stickleback (Pungitius pungitius (Linnaeus, 1758)). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 225(5-6): 341-352.

  • Klovach, N.V. and A.G. Gusar. 1984. Diurnal rhythms of energy metabolism in some Azov and Black Sea fishes. Biologicheskie nauki, 12: 50-55.

  • Knapp, R.A., P.C. Sikkel and V.T. Vredenburg. 1995. Age of clutches in nests and the within-nest spawning-site preferences of three damselfish species (Pomacentridae). Copeia, 1995(1): 78-88.

  • Knight, G.E. and G. Burnstock. 1993. Identification of purinoceptors in the isolated stomach and intestine of the three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C Comparative Pharmacology and Toxicology, 106C(1): 71-78.

  • Knight, G.E. 1995. A comparative study of purinoceptors in some invertebrates and vertebrates. London University College. London.

  • Knuth, D., U. Rothe and M. Zerning. 1998. Rote liste und artenliste der Rundmauler und fische des landes Brandenburg (Cyclostomata u. Pisces). Naturschtz und Landschaftspflege in Brandenburg, 7(4): 3-19.

  • Kobayashi, J. 1933. Ecology of a stickleback, Pungitius sinensis var. kaibarae (Tanaka). Journal of Science Hiroshima University, 2(5): 1-19.

  • Kock, G., M. Triendl and R. Hofer. 1996. Seasonal patterns of metal accumulation in Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) from an oligotrophic Alpine lake related to temperature. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 53(4): 780-786.

  • Kodric, B.A. 1996. Role of male-male competition and female choice in the development of breeding coloration in pupfish (Cyprinodon pecosensis). Behavioral Ecology, 7(4): 431-437.

  • Kodric, B.A. 1998. Sexual dichromatism and temporary color changes in the reproduction of fishes. American Zoologist, 38(1): 70-81.

  • Koehler, A. 1981. Fluctuations of the Ichthyo-Fauna in the Elbe Estuary: An Indicator for a Disturbed Ecosystem. Fluktuationen der Fischfauna im Elbe-Astuar als Indikator fur ein Gestortes Okosystem. Helgolander Meeresunter, 34(3): 263-285.

  • Koeie, M. and D.I. Gibson. 1991. Aspects of the life-cycle of Magnibursatus caudofilamentosa (Reimer, 1971) Gibson and Koeie, 1991 (Digenea, Hemiuroidea, Derogenidae). Ophelia, 34(2): 117-127.

  • Koeie, M. 1992. Life cycle and structure of the fish digenean Brachyphallus crenatus (Hemiuridae). Journal of Parasitology, 78(2): 338-343.

  • Koie, M. 1992. Scanning electron microscopy of cercariae, metacercariae and adults of Pygidiopsis ardea Koie, 1990 (Digenea, Heterophyidae). Parasitology Research, 78(6): 469-474.

  • Koie, M. 1995. The life-cycle and biology of Hemiurus communis Odhner, 1905 (Digenea, Hemiuridae). Parasite, 2(2): 195-202.

  • Koie, M. 2003. Parvicapsula spinachiae n.sp (Myxozoa, Parvicapsulidae) in Spinachia spinachia (L.) ýý(Teleostei, Gasterosteidae) from Denmark. Parasitology Research, 90 (6): 445-448.ý

  • Koie, M. and H.P. Fagerholm. 1995. The life cycle of Contracaecum osculatum (Rudolphi, 1802) sensu stricto (Nematoda, Ascaridoidea, Anisakidae) in view of experimental infections. Parasitology Research, 81(6): 481-489.

  • Kokko, H. 1998. Should advertising parental care be honest? Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences, 265(1408): 1871-1878.

  • Konovalov, S.M. 1995. Parasites as indicators of biological processes, with special reference to sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 52(Suppl.1): 202-212.

  • Korner, K.E., O. Lutjens, J. Parzefall and I. Schlupp. 1999. The role of experience in mating preferences of the unisexual Amazon molly. Behaviour, 136(2): 257-268.

  • Kottelat, M. 1997. European freshwater fishes. Biologia, 52(5): 1-271.

  • Kotusz, J., J. Kusznierz and J. Blachuta. 1997. Occurrence of Pungitius pungitius (L.) in Silesia (SW Poland). Przeglad Zoologiczny, 41(3-4): 247-250.

  • Koufopanou, V. and G. Bell. 1984. Measuring the cost of reproduction. IV. Predation experiments with Daphnia pulex. Oecologia, 64(1): 81-86.

  • Kowalewska, M. and K. Korzeniewski. 1991. Trace metals in Gasterosteus aculeatus L. from the Gdansk Bay. Polskie Archiwum Hydrobiologii, 38(3-4): 475-484.

  • Kozlovskiy, S.V. 1992. Observations of the spawning behavior of roach and bream in Saratovskoye Reservoir. Journal of Ichthyology, 32(3): 134-136.

  • Kraak, S.B.M. and T.G.G. Groothuis. 1994. Female preference for nests with eggs is based on the presence of the eggs themselves. Behaviour, 131(3-4): 189-206.

  • Kraak, S.B.M. 1996. 'Copying mate choice': Which phenomena deserve this term? Behavioural Processes, 36(1): 99-102.

  • Kraak, S.B.M., T.C.M. Bakker and B. Mundwiler. 1997. How to quantify embryo survival in nest-building fishes, exemplified with three-spined sticklebacks. Journal of Fish Biology, 51(6): 1262-1264.

  • Kraak, S.B.M. 1997. Attractive stickleback males prefer to mate with bigger females. XXV International Ethological Conference, Vienna (Austria).

  • Kraak, S.B.M. and T.C.M. Bakker. 1998. Mutual mate choice in sticklebacks: attractive males choose big females, which lay big eggs. Animal Behavior, 56(4): 859-866.

  • Kraak, S.B.M., T.C.M. Bakker and B. Mundwiler. 1999. Correlates of the duration of the egg collecting phase in the three-spined stickleback. Journal of Fish Biology, 54(5): 1038-1049.

  • Kraak, S.B.M., B. Mundwiler, P.J.B. Hart. 2001. Increased number of hybrids between benthic and limnetic three-spined sticklebacks in Enos Lake, Canada; the collapse of a species pair? Journal of Fish Biology, 58(5): 1458-1464.

  • Krause, J. 1992. Ideal free distribution and the mechanism of patch profitability assessment in three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Behaviour, 123(1-2): 27-37.

  • Krause, J. 1993. The influence of hunger on shoal size choice by three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Journal of Fish Biology, 43(5): 775-780.

  • Krause, J. 1993. Transmission of fright reaction between different species of fish. Behaviour, 127: 1-2.

  • Krause, J. 1993. Mechanism and function of shoaling behaviour in fish. Cambridge University

  • Krause, J. and J.G.J. Godin. 1994. Influence of parasitism on the shoaling behaviour of banded killifish, Fundulus diaphanus. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 72(10): 1775-1779.

  • Krause, J. and R.W. Tegeder. 1994. The mechanism of aggregation behaviour in fish shoals: individuals minimize approach time to neighbours. Animal Behavior, 48(2): 353-359.

  • Krause, J., J.G.J. Godin and D. Brown. 1996. Phenotypic variability within and between fish shoals. Ecology , 77(5): 1586-1591.

  • Krause, J., S.P. Loader, J. McDermott and G.D. Ruxton. 1998. Refuge use by fish as a function of body length-related metabolic expenditure and predation risks. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences, 265(1413): 2373-2379.

  • Krause, J., J.G.J. Godin and D. Brown. 1998. Body length variation within multi-species fish shoals: the effects of shoal size and number of species. Oecologia , 114(1): 67-72.

  • Krause, J., J.G.J. Godin and D. Rubenstein. 1998. Group choice as a function of group size differences and assessment time in fish: the influence of species vulnerability to predation. Ethology, 104(1): 68-74.

  • Krause, J., N. Hartmann and V.L. Pritchard. 1999. The influence of nutritional state on shoal choice in zebrafish, Danio rerio. Animal Behavior, 4: 771-775.

  • Krause, J., P. Longworth, and G.D. Ruxton. 2000. Refuge use in sticklebacks as a function of body length and group size. Journal of Fish Biology, 56(4): 1023-1027.

  • Kronnie, G., L. Tatarczuch, W. Raamsdonk and W. Kilarski. 1983. Muscle fibre types in the myotome of stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L.; a histochemical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study. Journal of Fish Biology, 22(3): 303-316.

  • Krueger, W.H. 1994. Lateral plate ontogeny and evolution of the low phenotype in the blackspotted stickleback, Gasterosteus wheatlandi. Copeia, 1994(2): 508-511.

  • Krupp, F. and B.W. Coad. 1985. Notes on a population of the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus , from Syria (Pisces: Osteichthyes: Gasterosteidae). Senckenbergiana biologica, 66(1-3): 35-39.

  • Kuelling, D. and M. Milinski. 1992. Size-dependent predation risk and partner quality in predator inspection of sticklebacks. Animal Behavior, 44(5): 949-955.

  • Kuenzler, R. and T.C.M. Bakker. 1997. Effect of pectoral fin size on parental care ability in male three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) - An experimental study. XXV International Ethological Conference, Vienna (Austria).

  • Kuenzler, R. and T.C.M. Bakker. 1998. Computer animations as a tool in the study of mating preferences. Behaviour, 135(8-9): 1137-1159.

  • Kulamowicz, A. 1964. Nine-spined stickleback, Pungitius pungitius L. (Gasterosteidae) in the basin of Pilica river. Przeglad Zoologiczny, 8(3): 265-267.

  • Kulling, D. and M. Milinski. 1992. Size-dependent predation risk and partner quality in predator inspection of sticklebacks. Animal Behavior, 44(5): 949-955.

  • Kunzler, R. and T.C.M. Bakker. 1998. Computer animations as a tool in the study of mating preferences. Behaviour, 135(8-9): 1137-1159.

  • Kuperman, B.I. 1978. Features of the life cycle and biology of cestodes from Kamchatka salmon. Sov. J. Biol., 4(4): 763-769.

  • Kuperman, B.I. 1978. Characteristics of the life cycle and biology of cestodes from Kamchatka salmons. Biol. Morya,(4): 53-60.

  • Kutrup, B. 1996. Taxonomic investigations on the freshwater fishes of Trabzon region. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 20(Supplement): 249-258.

  • Kuuppo, L.P., R. Autio, S. Hallfors, H. Kuosa, J. Kuparinen and R. Pajuniemi. 1994. Trophic interactions and carbon flow between picoplankton and protozoa in pelagic enclosures manipulated with nutrients and a top predator. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 107(1-2): 89-102.

  • Kvam, O.V. and O.T. Kleiven. 1995. Diel horizontal migration and swarm formation in Daphnia in response to Chaoborus. Hydrobiologia , 307(1-3): 177-184.

  • Kvarnemo, C. 1997. Food affects the potential reproductive rates of sand goby females but not of males. Behavioral Ecology, 8(6): 605-611.

  • Kvarnemo, C., O. Svensson and E. Forsgren. 1998. Parental behaviour in relation to food availability in the common goby. Animal Behavior, 56(5): 1285-1290.

  • Kynard, B.E. 1978. Breeding behavior of a lacustrine population of threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.). Behaviour, 67(3-4): 178-207.

  • Kynard, B.E. 1978. Nest desertion of male Gasterosteus aculeatus. Copeia, 1978(4): 702-703.

  • Kynard, B.E. 1979. Nest habitat preference of low plate number morphs in threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Copeia, 1979(3): 525-528.

  • Kynard, B.E. 1979. Population decline and change in frequencies of lateral plates in threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus ). Copeia, 1979(4): 635-638. top

    L

  • L'Abee, L.J.H., A. Langeland and H. Saegrov. 1992. Piscivory by brown trout Salmo trutta L. and Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus (L.) in Norwegian lakes. Journal of Fish Biology, 41(1): 91-101.

  • Lachance, S., P. Magnan and G.J. FitzGerald. 1987. Temperature preferences of three sympatric sticklebacks (Gasterosteidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65(6): 1573-1576.

  • Lachance, S. and J. Fitzgerald Gerard. 1992. Parental care tactics of three-spined sticklebacks living in a harsh environment. Behavioral Ecology, 3(4): 360-366.

  • Lafferty, K.D. and A.K. Morris. 1996. Altered behavior of parasitized killifish increases susceptibility to predation by bird final hosts. Ecology , 77(5): 1390-1397.

  • Lafferty, K.D. 1997. Environmental parasitology: What can parasites tell us about human impacts on the environment? Parasitology Today, 13(7): 251-255.

  • Lafferty, K.D. and A.M. Kuris. 1999. How environmental stress affects the impacts of parasites. Limnology and Oceanography, 44(3): 925-931.

  • Laird, C.A. and L.M. Page. 1996. Non-native fishes inhabiting the streams and lakes of Illinois. Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin, 35(1): 1-51.

  • Lam, T.J. 1969. Evidence of loss of C14-inulin via the head region of the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, form trachurus. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 28(1): 459-463.

  • Lam, T.J. 1969. The effect of prolactin on osmotic influx of water in isolated gills of the marine threespine stickleback Gastrosteus aculeatus L., form trachurus. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 31(6): 909-913.

  • Lam, T.J. and J.F. Leatherland. 1970. Effect of hormones on survival of the marine form (Trachurus) of the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) in deionized water. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 33(2): 295-302.

  • Lam, T.J., Y. Nagahama, K. Chan and W.S. Hoar. 1978. Overripe eggs and postovulatory corpora lutea in the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L., form trachurus. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 56(9): 2029-2036.

  • Lam, T.J., K. Chan and W.S. Hoar. 1979. Effect of progesterone and estradiol-17 on ovarian fluid secretion in the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L., form trachurus. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 57(2): 468-471.

  • Lambert, D. 1996. Breeding aquarium fish. Aquarist and Pondkeeper, 61(5): 6-9.

  • Lametschwandtner, A. 1995. Microvascularization of corpuscles of Stannius in teleost fishes. Microscopy Research and Technique, 32(2): 104-111.

  • Lange, R. and K. Fugelli. 1965. The osmotic adjustment in the euryhaline teleosts, the flounder, Pleuronectes flesus L. and the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 15(3): 283-292.

  • Langeland, A. and T. Nost. 1995. Gill raker structure and selective predation on zooplankton by particulate feeding fish. Journal of Fish Biology, 47(4): 719-732.

  • Lankford, T.E. and T.E. Targett. 1997. Selective predation by juvenile weakfish: Post-consumptive constraints on energy maximization and growth. Ecology, 78(4): 1049-1061.

  • Lapin, Y.E. 1978. [Ecology of the White Sea fishes]. Nauka, .

  • Largiader, C.R., V. Fries, B. Kobler and T.C.M. Bakker. 1999. Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci from the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.). Molecular Ecology, 8(2): 342-344.

  • Larson, G.L. and C.D. McIntire. 1993. Food habits of different phenotypes of threespine stickleback in Paxton Lake, British Columbia. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 122(4): 543-549.

  • Lasee, B.A., W.F. Font and D.R. Sutherland. 1988. Culaeatrema inconstans gen.n., sp.n. (Digenea: Allocreadiidae) from the brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans ) in Wisconsin and observations on parthenogenetic populations. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 66(6): 1328-1333.

  • Lasee, B.A. 1989. Seasonal population dynamics and maturation of Neoechinorhynchus pungitius (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) infecting brook stickleback, Culaea inconstans , from Sioux Creek, Wisconsin, USA. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 67(3): 590-595.

  • Lasee, B.A. and D.R. Sutherland. 1993. Bacterial colonization of tegumental surfaces of Culaeatrema inconstans Lasee et al., 1988 (Digenea) from the brook stickleback, Culaea inconstans. Journal of Fish Disease, 16(1): 83-85.

  • Lassiere, O.L. and D.W.T. Crompton. 1988. Evidence for post-cyclic transmission in the life-history of Neoechinorhynchus rutili (Acanthocephala). Parasitology, 97(2): 339-343.

  • Lau, E.L., B.Y. Lin, F.Y. Lee, L.T. Sun, S. Dufour and C.F. Chang. 1997. Stimulation of testicular function by exogenous testosterone in male protandrous black porgy, Acanthopagrus schlegeli. Journal of Fish Biology, 51(2): 327-333.

  • Lauder, G.V. 1995. The evolutionary biology of the threespine stickleback, by M.A. Bell, S.A. Foster. Science, 267(5201): 1192-1192.

  • Laurila, A., J. Kujasalo and E. Ranta. 1997. Different antipredator behaviour in two anuran tadpoles: Effects of predator diet. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 40(5): 329-336.

  • Laurila, A. and T. Aho. 1997. Do female common frogs choose their breeding habitat to avoid predation on tadpoles? Oikos, 78(3): 585-591.

  • Lauritzen, D.V. and J.J. Cech, Jr. 1997. Comparative respiratory metabolic rates of small fishes, Gasterosteus aculeatus and Gambusia affinis. 127th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society, Monterey, CA (USA).

  • Lavin, P.A. and J.D. McPhail. 1985. The evolution of freshwater diversity in the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus ): Site-specific differentiation of trophic morphology. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63(11): 2632-2638.

  • Lavin, P.A. and J.D. McPhail. 1986. Adaptive divergence of trophic phenotype among freshwater populations of the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus ). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 43(12): 2455-2463.

  • Lavin, P.A. and J.D. McPhail. 1987. Morphological divergence and the organization of trophic characters among lacustrine populations of the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus ). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 44(11): 1820-1829.

  • Lavin, P.A. and J.D. McPhail. 1993. Parapatric lake and stream sticklebacks on northern Vancouver Island: Disjunct distribution or parallel evolution? Canadian Journal of Zoology, 71(1): 11-17.

  • Law, T.C. and R.W. Blake. 1996. Comparison of the fast-start performances of closely related, morphologically distinct threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus spp). Journal of Experimental Biology, 199(12): 2595-2604.

  • Lawson, J. 1995. Sea stickleback in the River Fyne, Argyll. Scottish Naturalist, 107(3): 174.

  • Layiwola, P.J., D.F.C. Linnecar and B. Knights. 1983. The biotransformation of three super(14)C-labelled phenolic compounds in twelve species of freshwater fish. Xenobiotica, 13(2): 107-113.

  • Lazarus, J. and N.B. Metcalfe. 1990. Tit-for-tat cooperation in sticklebacks: A critique of Milinski. Animal Behavior, 39(5): 987-988. ý

  • Le Comber S.C., Faulkes C.G., Formosinho J., et al. 2003. Response of territorial males to ýthe threat of sneaking in the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus): a field study. Journal ýof Zoology, 261: 15-20.ý

  • Le Comber, S.C., C.G. Faulkes, K.J.W. Van Look, W.V. Holt, and C. Smith. 2004. Recovery of Sperm Activity After Osmotic Shock in the Three-Spined Stickleback: Implications for Pre-Oviposition Ejaculation. Behaviour, 141(11/12): 1555-1569.

  • Lefcort, H. and A.R. Blaustein. 1995. Disease, predator avoidance, and vulnerability to predation in tadpoles. Oikos , 74(3): 469-474.

  • Legge, S. 1996. Cooperative lions escape the Prisoner's Dilemma. Trends In Ecology and Evolution, 11(1): 2-3.

  • Lehtinen, K.J. 1989. Survival, growth and disease of three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L., brood exposed to bleached kraft mill effluents (BKME) in mesocosms. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 26(2): 133-144.

  • Lehtinen, K.J. 1990. Mixed-function oxygenase enzyme responses and physiological disorders in fish exposed to kraft pulp-mill effluents: A hypothetical model. Ambio, 19(5): 259-265.

  • Lehtinen, K.J., K. Mattsson, J. Tana, C. Grotell and C. Engstrom. 1998. Effects on ecosystem structure and function of fish farming as simulated in littoral brackish water mesocosms. Aquaculture, 165(3-4): 179-202.

  • Leimar, O. 1997. Reciprocity and communication of partner quality. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences, 264(1385): 1209-1215.

  • Leiner, S. and M. Povz. 1993. A freshwater fishes of the Istrian Peninsula. Sladkovodne ribe (Pisces) Istrskega polotoka. Ichthyos, 10(12): 23-34.

  • Leinikki, J. 1995. The diet of three-spined stickleback in the Gulf of Bothnia during its open water phase. Aqua Fennica, 25(0): 71-75.

  • Lemke, M.J., M. Chiva, B. Coyle, D. Kulak, M. MacKay and H.E. Kasinsky. 1999. Variability of sperm nuclear basic proteins in the three-spined stickleback and related species of Gasterosteoidei. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 122(3): 339-353.

  • Leonard, S.R. 1987. The relation between water quality and fishery status in several rivers in north-west England. Manchester.

  • Letch, C.A. 1979. Host restriction, morphology and isoenzymes among trypanosomes of some British freshwater fishes. Parasitology, 79(1): 107-117.

  • Letch, C.A. and S.J. Ball. 1979. Prevalence of Trypanosoma cobitis Mitrophanow, 1883 in fishes from the River Lee. Parasitology, 79(1): 119-124.

  • Levin, L.E. 1997. Kinetic dialogs in predator-prey recognition. Behavioural Processes, 40(2): 113-120.

  • Levri, E.P. and C.M. Lively. 1996. The effects of size, reproductive condition, and parasitism on foraging behaviour in a freshwater snail, Potamopyrgus antipodarum. Animal Behavior, 51(4): 891-901.

  • Levsen, A. 1992. Parasites of the three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus from Norway, with emphasis on trichodinid ciliates. Fauna Norvegica, Series A, 45(1): 40-48.

  • Lewis, W.M., Jr. and D.P. Morris. 1986. Toxicity of nitrite to fish: A review. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 115(2): 183-195.

  • Li, S.K. and D.H. Owings. 1978. Sexual selection in the three-spined stickleback: II. Nest raiding during courtship phase. Behaviour, 64(3-4): 298-304.

  • Li, S.K. and D.H. Owings. 1978. Sexual selection in the three-spined stickleback: I. Normative observations. Z. Tierpsychol., 46(4): 359-371.

  • Li, M. and Z. Yang. 1991. The age, growth and reproduction of fishes in Yuqiao Reservoir. Acta ecologica sinica, 11(3): 269-273.

  • Libois, R.M. and R. Rosoux. 1991. Ecology of otter (Lutra lutra) in the "Marais Poitevin" France: II. General account of the diet. Mammalia, 55(1): 35-48.

  • Libois, R. 1997. Seasonal diet and feeding tactics of the European otter (Lutra lutra) in Central France. Vie Milieu, 47(1): 33-45.

  • Lindsey, C.C. 1962. Observation on meristic variAtion in ninespine stickleback, Pungitius pungitius, reared at differnt temperatures. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 40: 1237-1247.

  • Lindstrom, K. and R.C. Sargent. 1997. Food access, brood size and filial cannibalism in the fantail darter, Etheostoma flabellare. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 40(2): 107-110.

  • Litvak, M.K. and W.C. Leggett. 1992. Age and size-selective predation on larval fishes: the bigger-is-better hypothesis revisited. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 81(1): 13-24.

  • Liu, H.T. and N.C. Wang. 1974. A new Pungitius from Nihowan formation of north China. Vertebrata Palasiatica, 12(2): 11-14.

  • Lobon, C.J., T. Penzack and A. de Sostoa. 1988. Morphological variability and distribution of stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) in Spain. Cybium, 12(3): 219-227.

  • LoBue, C.P. and M.A. Bell. 1993. Phenotypic manipulation by the cestode parasite Schistocephalus solidus of its intermediate host, Gasterosteus aculeatus, the threespine stickleback. American Naturalist, 142(4): 725-735.

  • Lohnisky, K. 1993. Fund des Dreistachligen Stichlings, Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus, 1758, im Einzugsgebiet des Flusses Divoka Orlice, Elbebecken, Nordostbohmen. Acta Musei Reginaehradecensis Series A Scientiae Naturales, 23: 65-68.

  • Lom, J., A.W. Pike and S.W. Feist. 1991. Myxosporean vegetative stages in the choroidal rete mirabile of Gasterosteus aculeatus infected with Myxobilatus gasterostei and Sphaerospora elegans. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 11(1): 67-72.

  • Long, J.H. and K.S. Nipper. 1996. The importance of body stiffness in undulatory propulsion. American Zoologist, 36(6): 678-694.

  • Lonzarich, D.G. and T.P. Quinn. 1995. Experimental evidence for the effect of depth and structure on the distribution, growth, and survival of stream fishes. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 73(12): 2223-2230.

  • Loose, C.J., E. Elert and P. Dawidowicz. 1993. Chemically-induced diel vertical migration in Daphnia : A new bioassay for kairomones exuded by fish. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, 126(3): 329-337.

  • Lopez, S. 1999. Parasitized female guppies do not prefer showy males. Animal Behavior, 57(5): 1129-1134.

  • Losey, G.S., Jr. and P. Sevenster. 1991. Can threespine sticklebacks learn when to display? I. Punished displays. Ethology, 87(1-2): 45-58.

  • Losey, G.S. and P. Sevenster. 1995. Can three-spined sticklebacks learn when to display? Rewarded displays. Animal Behavior, 49(1): 137-150.

  • Loy, A., M. Corti and S. Cataudella. 1999. Variation in gillraker number during growth of the sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (Perciformes : Moronidae), reared at different salinities. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 55(4): 391-398.

  • Lozano, G.A. 1998. Parasitic stress and self-medication in wild animals. Stress and Behavior, 27: 291-317.

  • Lu, G.Q. and L. Bernatchez. 1998. Experimental evidence for reduced hybrid viability between dwarf and normal ecotypes of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis Mitchill). Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences, 265(1400): 1025-1030.

  • Luk'Yanenko, V.I., V.A. Ternovenko and E.L. Nikiforova. 1989. Effect of circadian rhythm and salt content on the ability of young sticklebacks to avoid zinc. Gidrobiologicheskii Zhurnal, 25(3): 60-63.

  • Luttbeg, B., Towner, M.C., Wandesforde-Smith, A., et al. 2001. State-dependent mate-assessment ýand mate-selection behavior in female threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus, ýGasterosteiformes : Gasterosteidae). Ethology, 107 (6): 545-558.ý

  • Lyle, A.A. and P.S. Maitland. 1992. Conservation of freshwater fish in the British Isles: The status of fish in National Nature Reserves. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 2(1): 19-34.

  • Lyndon, A.R. 1996. The role of acanthocephalan parasites in the predation of freshwater isopods by fish. In S. P. R. Greenstreet and M. L. Tasker. Ed. Eds. Aquatic predators and their prey. Fishing News Books, Oxford. : 26-32.

  • Lysebo, E.M. 1993. Behavioural and morphological changes in polymorphic Daphnia related to different predation regimes. Hydrobiologia, 307(1-3): 185-191.

  • Lysebo, E.M. 1995. Behavioural and morphological changes in polymorphic Daphnia related to different predation regimes. Hydrobiologia , 307(1-3): 185-191. top

    M

  • Macdonald, J.F., J. Bekkers, S.M. Macisaac and D.M. Blouw. 1995. Intertidal breeding and aerial development of embryos of a stickleback fish (Gasterosteus). Behaviour, 132(15/16): 1183-1206.

  • MacDonald, J.F., S.M. MacIsaac, H. Bekkers and D.M. Blouw. 1995. Experiments on embryo survivorship, habitat selection, and competitive ability of a stickleback fish (Gasterosteus) which nests in the rocky intertidal zone. Behaviour, 132(15/16): 1207-1221.

  • Mackereth, R.W., D.L.G. Noakes and M.S. Ridgway. 1999. Size-based variation in somatic energy reserves and parental expenditure by male smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieu. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 56(1): 263-275.

  • Mackney, P.A. and R.N. Hughes. 1995. Foraging behaviour and memory window in sticklebacks. Behaviour, 132(15/16): 1241-1253.

  • MacLean, J. 1980. Ecological genetics of threespine sticklebacks in Heisholt Lake. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 58(11): 2026-2039.

  • Maeda, M. and D. Sugimori. 1998. Adhesive substance of Gasterosteus aculeatus aculeatus. Chemistry Letters, 8: 733-734.

  • Maes, J., P.A. vanDamme, A. Taillieu and F. Ollevier. 1998. Fish communities along an oxygen-poor salinity gradient (Zeeschelde Estuary, Belgium). Journal of Fish Biology, 52(3): 534-546.

  • Magee, A., J.J. Cech, Jr. and C.A. Myrick. 1997. Thermal preference of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) under fed and starved conditions. 127th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society, Monterey, CA (USA).

  • Maggi, P. and C. Alzien. 1977. [Study on the toxicity of polydimethylsiloxane oils to marine organisms]. Sci. Peche,(269): 1-3.

  • Magnuson, J.J., A.L. Beckel, K. Mills and S.B. Brandt. 1985. Surviving winter hypoxia: Behavioral adaptations of fishes in a northern Wisconsin winterkill lake. Environmental biology of fishes, 14(4): 241-250.

  • Magurran, A.E., B.H. Seghers, G.R. Carvalho and P.W. Shaw. 1993. Evolution of adaptive variation in antipredator behaviour. Marine Behaviour and Physiology, 23(1-4): 29-44.

  • Magurran, A. 1994. Review of "The evolutionary biology of threespine stickleback". Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 9(3): 111-112.

  • Magurran, A.E., B.H. Seghers, P.W. Shaw and G.R. Carvalho. 1995. The behavioral diversity and evolution of guppy, Poecilia reticulata, populations in Trinidad. Advances In the Study of Behavior, 24: 155-202.

  • Magurran, A.E., P.W. Irving and P.A. Henderson. 1996. Is there a fish alarm pheromone? A wild study and critique. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences, 263(1376): 1551-1556.

  • Maitland, P.S. 1979. The freshwater fish fauna of the Forth area. Forth naturalist and historian, 4(1979): 33-47.

  • Maitland, P.S. and A.V. Holden. 1983. Inland waters in the Inner Hebrides. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Section B, 83: 229-244.

  • Maitland, P.S. and A.A. Lyle. 1991. Conservation of freshwater fish in the British Isles: The current status and biology of threatened species. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 1(1): 25-54.

  • Maitland, P.S. and R.N. Campbell. 1992. Freshwater fishes of the British Isles. Harper Collins Publishers, London.

  • Maitland, P.S. and A.A. Lyle. 1996. Threatened freshwater fishes of Great Britain. Conservation of Endangered Freshwater Fish In Europe, Birkhaeuser Verlag, Basel,: 9-21.

  • Maksimenkov, V.V. and A.M. Tokranov. 1995. Feeding habits of nine-spined stickleback, Pungitius pungitius (Gasterosteidae) in the estuary and lower Bol'shaya River (West Kamchatka). Journal of Ichthyology, 35(2): 65-74.

  • Maksimenkov, V.V. and A.M. Tokranov. 1995. Feeding habits of three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus (Gasterosteidae), in the Bol'shaya River estuary (West Kamchatka). Journal of Ichthyology, 35(6): 88-99.

  • Malcolm, J. and C. Swift. 1994. Unarmored threespine stickleback. In C. G. Thelander and M. Crabtree. Ed.^Eds. Life on the edge: a guide to California's endangered natural resources: wildlife. BioSystems Books, Santa Cruz, California. : 387-389.

  • Mallory, M.L., P.J. Blancher, P.J. Weatherhead and D.K. McNicol. 1994. Presence or absence of fish as a cue to macroinvertebrate abundance in boreal wetlands. Hydrobiologia, 279-280: 345-351.

  • Malmquist, H.J., S.S. Snorrason, S. Skulason, B. Jonsson, O.T. Sandlund and P.M. Jonasson. 1992. Diet differentiation in polymorphic Arctic charr in Thingvallavatn, Iceland. Journal of Animal Ecology, 61(1): 21-35.

  • Manire, C.A., L.E.L. Rasmussen and T.S. Gross. 1999. Serum steroid hormones including 11-ketotestosterone, 11-ketoandrostenedione, and dihydroprogesterone in juvenile and adult bonnethead sharks, Sphyrna tiburo. Journal of Experimental Zoology, 284(5): 595-603.

  • Manly, B.F.J. 1978. Analysis of differential predation. Heredity, 40(2): 315-316.

  • Mao, J.H., D.E. Green, G. Fellers and V.G. Chinchar. 1999. Molecular characterization of iridoviruses isolated from sympatric amphibians and fish. Virus Research, 63(1-2): 45-52.

  • Marcogliese, D.J. 1992. Metazoan parasites of sticklebacks on Sable Island, Northwest Atlantic Ocean: Biogeographic considerations. Journal of Fish Biology, 41(3): 399-407.

  • Marcogliese, D.J. 1993. First report of the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, from Sable Island. Canadian Field Naturalist, 106(2), April-June 1992(1993): 264-266, illustr.

  • Marcogliese, D.J. 1995. Comparison of parasites of mummichogs and sticklebacks from brackish and freshwater ponds on Sable Island, Nova Scotia. American Midland Naturalist, 133(2): 333-343.

  • Marcogliese, D.J. 1996. Transmission of the sealworm, Pseudoterranova decipiens (Krabbe), from invertebrates to fish in an enclosed brackish pond. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 205(1-2): 205-219.

  • Marcogliese, D.J. and T. Scholz. 1999. Recent visitations by eels to Sable Island, Canada, confirmed by parasites. Journal of Fish Biology, 54(3): 685-687.

  • Marin de Mateo, M., J. McGeorge, D. Morris and M.L. Kent. 1996. Comparative studies of PKX and Sphaerospora spp. from salmonids using lectin and monoclonal antibody staining techniques. Journal of Fish Disease, 19(1): 55-63.

  • Marshall, S. and M. Elliott. 1998. Environmental influences on the fish assemblage of the Humber estuary, UK. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 46(2): 175-184.

  • Martin, D.S. and A.J. Shine. 1993. The food and feeding relationships of pelagic fish in Loch Ness. Scottish Naturalist, 105: 149-174.

  • Masahito, H. and G. Akira. 1996. Genetic evidence supporting the existence of two distinct species in the genus Gasterosteus around Japan. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 47(1): 1-16.

  • Mashiko, K. and S. Yamane. 1993. Sexual dimorphism in the goby Tridentiger kuroiwae brevispinis. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology, 40(3): 363-368.

  • Mashiko, K. 1998. Defensive capability of egg-guarding males of the goby, Tridentiger kuroiwae brevispinis. Ichthyological Research, 45(2): 135-139.

  • Massias, A. and P.H. Becker. 1990. Nutritive value of food and growth in common tern Sterna hirundo chicks. Ornis. Scand., 21(3): 187-194.

  • Massicotte, B., G. Verreault and L. Desilets. 1990. Structure of intertidal fish communities in the St. Lawrence estuary (Quebec, Canada) and the possibility of use for environmental monitoring. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,(1752): 1-28.

  • Matey, V.L. 1982. Effect of a hypertonic medium on the ultrastructure of gill chloride cells in the stickleback Pungitius pungitius L. Tsitologiya, 24(7): 750-755.

  • Mathis, A. and R.J.F. Smith. 1993. Intraspecific and cross-superorder responses to chemical alarm signals by brook stickleback. Ecology, 74(8): 2395-2404.

  • Mathis, A., D.P. Chivers and R.J.F. Smith. 1995. Chemical alarm signals: Predator deterrents or predator attractants? American Naturalist, 145(6): 994-1005.

  • Mathis, A., D.P. Chivers and R.J.F. Smith. 1996. Cultural transmission of predator recognition in fishes: intraspecific and interspecific learning. Animal Behavior, 51(1): 185-201.

  • Mattern, M.Y. 2004. Molecular phylogeny of the Gasterosteidae: the importance of using multiple genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 30 (2): 366-377.

  • Mattern, M.Y. and McLennan, D.A. 2004. Total evidence phylogeny of Gasterosteidae: combining ýmolecular, morphological and behavioral data. Cladistics, 20 (1): 14-22.ý

  • Maximenkov, V.V. and A.M. Tokranov. 1994. Feeding of the nine-spined stickleback Pungitius pungitius (Gaseterosteidae) in the estuary and lower reaches of the River Bol'shaya (West Kamchatka). Voprosy Ikhtiologii, 34(5): 697-702.

  • Maximenkov, V.V. and A.M. Tokranov. 1995. Feeding of the three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus (Gasterosteidae) in the River Bolshaya esthuary (West Kamchatka). Voprosy Ikhtiologii, 35(2): 247-252.

  • Mayer, I., B. Borg and R. Schulz. 1990. Seasonal changes in and effect of castration/androgen replacement on the plasma levels of five androgens in the male three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 79(1): 23-30.

  • Mayer, I., B. Borg and R. Schulz. 1990. Conversion of 11-ketoandrostenedione to 11-ketotestosterone by blood cells of six fish species. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 77(1): 70-74.

  • Mayer, I., C. Bornestaf, L. Wetterberg and B. Borg. 1997. Melatonin does not prevent long photoperiod stimulation of secondary sexual characters in the male three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 108(3): 386-394.

  • Mayer, I., B. Borg, M. Páll. 2004. Hormonal Control of Male Reproductive Behaviour in Fishes: A Stickleback Perspective, Behaviour, 141(11/12): 1499-1510.

  • Mazalov, V., N. Perrin and Y. Dombrovsky. 1996. Adaptive search and information updating in sequential mate choice. American Naturalist, 148(1): 123-137.

  • McAllister, D.E., S.L. Cumbaa and C.R. Harington. 1981. Pleistocene fishes (Coregonus , Osmerus , Microgadus , Gasterosteus ) from Green Creek, Ontario, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 18(8): 1356-1364.

  • McAllister, D.E. 1987. A working list of fishes of the world. National Museum of Natural History, Ottawa, Canada.

  • McArthur, V.E. 1998. Predation on juvenile lagoonal mud snails (Hydrobia neglecta). Journal of Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 78(3): 891-901.

  • McCartt, A.L., W.E. Lynch and D.L. Johnson. 1997. How light, a predator, and experience influence bluegill use of shade and schooling. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 49(1): 79-87.

  • McDonal, C.G. and C.W. Hawryshyn. 1995. Intraspecific variation of spectral sensitivity in threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from different photic regimes. Journal of Comparative Physiology, A, 176(2): 255-260.

  • McDonald, C.G., T.E. Reimchen and C.W. Hawryshyn. 1995. Nuptial colour loss and signal masking in Gasterosteus: An analysis using video imaging. Behaviour, 132(13-14): 963-977.

  • McDonald, C.G. and C.W. Hawryshyn. 1995. Intraspecific variation of spectral sensitivity in threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from different photic regimes. Journal of Comparative Physiology A Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology, 176(2): 255-260.

  • McDowall, R.M. 1998. Phylogenetic relationships and ecomorphological divergence in sympatric and allopatric species of Paragalaxias (Teleostei: Galaxiidae) in high elevation Tasmanian lakes. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 53(3): 235-257.

  • McDowall, R.M. 1999. Diadromy and genetic diversity in Nearctic and Palearctic fishes. Molecular Ecology, 8(4): 527-528.

  • McDowell, R.M. 1998. Phylogenetic relationships and ecomorphological divergence in sympatric and allopatric species of Paragalaxias (Teleostei: Galaxiidae) in high elevation Tasmanian lakes. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 53(3): 235-257.

  • McGee, M., D.P. Batzer and V.H. Resh. 1991. The influence of flooding date on density and age structure of the three spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, in Suisun marsh, California. Proceedings and Papers of the Annual Conference of California Mosquito and Vector Control Association Inc, 58(1): 127-129.

  • McKenzie, J.A. and M.H.A. Keenleyside. 1970. Reproductive behavior of ninespine stickleback (Pungitius pungitius (L.)) in South Bay, Manitoulin Island, Ontario. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 48: 55-61.

  • McKillop, W.B. and W.M. McKillop. 1997. Distribution records for the Threespine Stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus (Pisces: Gasterosteidae), in Manitoba. Canadian Field Naturalist, 111(4): 662-663.

  • McKinnon, J.S. 1995. Video mate preferences of female three-spined sticklebacks from populations with divergent male coloration. Animal Behavior, 50(6): 1645-1655.

  • McKinnon, J.S. 1996. Red coloration and male parental behaviour in the threespine stickleback. Journal of Fish Biology, 49(5): 1030-1033.

  • McKinnon, J.S. and J.D. McPhail. 1996. Male aggression and colour in divergent populations of the threespine stickleback: Experiments with animations. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 74(9): 1727-1733.

  • McKinnon, J.S., and H.D. Rundle. 2002. Speciation in nature: the threespine stickleback model systems. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 17(10): 480-488.

  • McLee, A.G. and R.W. Scaife. 1992. The colonisation by great crested newts (Triturus cristatus) of a water body following treatment with a piscicide to remove a large population of sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus). British Herpetological Society Bulletin,(42): 6-9.

  • McLennan, D.A., D.R. Brooks and J.D. McPhail. 1988. The benefits of communication between comparative ethology and phylogenetic systematics: A case study using gasterosteid fishes. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 66(10): 2177-2190.

  • McLennan, D.A. and J.D. McPhail. 1990. Experimental investigations of the evolutionary significance of sexually dimorphic nuptial coloration in Gasterosteus aculeatus (L.): The relationship between male color and female behavior. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 68(3): 482-492.

  • McLennan, D.A. 1993. Changes in female breeding behaviour across the ovulatory cycle in the brook stickleback, Culaea inconstans (Kirtland). Behaviour, 126(3-4): 191-218.

  • McLennan, D.A. 1993. Temporal changes in the structure of the male nuptial signal in the brook stickleback, Culaea inconstans (Kirtland). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 71(6): 1111-1119.

  • McLennan, D.A. 1993. Phylogenetic relationships in the Gasterosteidae: An updated tree based on behavioral characters with a discussion of homoplasy. Copeia, 1993(2): 318-326.

  • McLennan, D.A. 1994. A phylogenetic approach to the evolution of fish behaviour. Reviews In Fish Biology and Fisheries, 4(4): 430-460.

  • McLennan, D.A. 1994. Changes in female colour across the ovulatory cycle in the brook stickleback, Culaea inconstans (Kirtland). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 72(1): 144-153.

  • McLennan, D.A. 1995. Male mate choice based upon female nuptial coloration in the brook stickleback, Culaea inconstans (Kirtland). Animal Behavior, 50(1): 213-221.

  • McLennan, D.A. 1996. Integrating phylogenetic and experimental analyses: The evolution of male and female nuptial coloration in the stickleback fishes (Gasterosteidae). Systematic Biology, 45(3): 261-277.

  • McLennan, D.A.. 2004. Male Brook Sticklebacks (Culaea Inconstans) Response to Olfactory Cues. Behaviour, 141(11/12): 1411-1424.

  • McLennan, D.A. and V.L. Shires. 1995. Correlation between the level of infection with Bunodera inconstans and Neoechinorhynchus rutili and behavioral intensity in female brook sticklebacks. Journal of Parasitology, 81(5): 675-682.

  • McLennan, D.A., and M.Y. Mattern 2001. The Phylogeny of the Gasterosteidae: Combining Behavioral and Morphological Data Sets. Cladistics, 17(1): 11-27.

  • McLeod, P.G. and F.A. Huntingford. 1994. Social rank and predator inspection in sticklebacks. Animal Behavior, 47(5): 1238-1240.

  • McNicol, D.K. and M. Wayland. 1992. Distribution of waterfowl broods in Sudbury area lakes in relation to fish, macroinvertebrates, and water chemistry. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 49(suppl): 122-133.

  • McPhail, J.D. 1963. Geographic variation in North American Ninespine sticklebacks, Pungitius pungitius. Journal of Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 20(1): 27-44.

  • McPhail, J.D. and S.D. Peacock. 1983. Some effects of the cestode (Schistocephalus solidus ) on reproduction in the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus ): Evolutionary aspects of a host-parasite interaction. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 61(4): 901-908.

  • McPhail, J.D. and D.E. Hay. 1983. Differences in male courtship in freshwater and marine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus ). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 61(2): 292-297.

  • McPhail, J.D. 1985. Evidence for sympatric species of Gasterosteus in Enos Lake, Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Behaviour, 93(1-4): 158-160.

  • McPhail, J.D. 1989. Status of the Enos Lake stickleback species pair, Gasterosteus spp. Canadian Field Naturalist, 103(2): 216-219.

  • McPhail, J.D. 1992. Ecology and evolution of sympatric sticklebacks (Gasterosteus): evidence for a species-pair in Paxton Lake, Texada Island, British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 70(2): 361-369.

  • McPhail, J.D. 1993. Ecology and evolution of sympatric sticklebacks (Gasterosteus): Origin of the species pairs. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 71(3): 515-523.

  • McPhail, J.D. 1993. The nature and state of biodiversity in the freshwater fishes of British Columbia. Our living legacy: proceedings of a symposium on biological diversity, Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, British Columbia.

  • McPhail, J.D. 1994. Speciation and the evolution of reproductive isolation in the sticklebacks (Gasterosteus) of south-western British Columbia. In M. A. Bell and S. A. Foster. Ed.^Eds. Evolutionary biology of the threespine stickleback. Oxford University Press, Oxford. : 399-437.

  • Meakins, R.H. 1975. The effects of activity and season on the respiration of the three-spined stickleback, gasterosteus aculeatus L, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology, 51(1): 155-157.

  • Meek, J. and H.W.J. Joosten. 1993. Tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive cell groups in the brain of the teleost fish Gnathonemus petersii. Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy, 6(6): 431-446.

  • Mellin, M., I. Mirowska Ibron and A. Martyniak. 1997. Food composition of cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo shot at two fish farms in north-east Poland. Ekologia Polska, 45(1): 247.

  • Meyer, L. and H. Brunken. 1997. Historical occurrence and current distribution of migrating fishes and lampreys (Osteichthyes et Cyclostomata) in the drainage system of the river Aller (Lower Saxony) with an evaluation of future development of their stocks. Braunschweiger Naturkundliche Schriften, 5(2): 281-303.

  • Mezhoud, A. 1989. Histological studies on the lymphoid organs of the stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) and the fate of hyperosmotic infiltrated bacteria. Salford University.

  • Michel, P. and T. Oberdorff. 1995. Feeding habits of fourteen European freshwater fish species. Cybium, 19(1): 5-46.

  • Mikailov, T. and S. Ibrahimov. 1991. The ecological-geographical characteristics of the parasitic crustacea of the Caspian Sea fishes. Wiad Parazytol, 37(1): 151-153.

  • Miklosi, A., J. Haller and V. Csanyi. 1995. The influence of opponent-related and outcome-related memory on repeated aggressive encounters in the paradise fish (Macropodus opercularis). Biological Bulletin, 188(1): 83-88.

  • Miklosi, A., P. Pongracz and V. Csanyi. 1997. The ontogeny of antipredator behavior in paradise fish larvae (Macropodus opercularis) .4. The effect of exposure to siblings. Developmental Psychobiology, 30(4): 283-291.

  • Miklosi, A., J. Haller and V. Csanyi. 1997. Learning about the opponent during aggressive encounters in paradise fish (Macropodus opercularis L): When it takes place? Behavioural Processes, 40(1): 97-105.

  • Mikulin, A.E., L.V. Kotik and V.N. Dubrovin. 1978. Consistent patterns in the dynamics of changes of carotenoid pigments during the embryonic development of bony fish eggs. Biol. Nauki,(9): 31-37.

  • Mikulin, A.E. 1993. Causes of changes in the spectral properties of carotenoids during embryonic development of bony fishes. In [Biologically Active Substances and Factors In Aquaculture]. VNIRO, MOSCOW (RUSSIA). : 163-177.

  • Milinski, M. 1977. Experiments on the selection by predators against spatial oddity of their prey. Z. Tierpsychol., 43(3): 311-325.

  • Milinski, M. 1977. Do all members of a swarm suffer the same predation? Z. Tierpsychol.., 45(4): 373-388.

  • Milinski, M. and R. Heller. 1978. Influence of a predator on the optimal foraging behaviour of sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.). Nature, 275(5681): 642-644.

  • Milinski, M. 1979. An evolutionarily stable feeding stragegy in sticklebacks. Z. Tierpsychol.., 51(1): 36-40.

  • Milinski, M. 1979. Can an experienced predator overcome the confusion of swarming prey more easily? Animal Behavior, 27(4): 1122-1126.

  • Milinski, M. 1982. Optimal foraging: The influence of intraspecific competition on diet selection. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 11(2): 109-115.

  • Milinski, M. 1984. Competitive resource sharing: An experimental test of a learning rule for ESSs. Animal Behavior, 32(1): 233-242.

  • Milinski, M. 1984. A predators' costs of overcoming the confusion-effect of swarming prey. Animal Behavior, 32(4): 1157-1162.

  • Milinski, M. and K. Regelmann. 1985. Fading short-term memory for patch quality in sticklebacks. Animal Behavior, 33(2): 678-680.

  • Milinski, M. 1985. Risk of predation of parasitized sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) under competition for food. Behaviour, 93(1-4): 203-216.

  • Milinski, M. 1987. TIT FOR TAT in sticklebacks and the evolution of cooperation. Nature, 325(6103): 433-434.

  • Milinski, M. 1988. Games fish play: Making decisions as a social forager. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 3(12): 325-330.

  • Milinski, M., D. Kulling and R. Kettler. 1990. Tit for tat: Sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) "trusting" a cooperating partner. Behavioral Ecology, 1(1): 7-11.

  • Milinski, M., D. Pfluger, D. Kulling and R. Kettler. 1990. Do sticklebacks cooperate repeatedly in reciprocal pairs? Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 27(1): 17-22.

  • Milinski, M. 1990. No alternative to tit-for tat cooperation in sticklebacks. Animal Behavior, 39(5): 989-991.

  • Milinski, M. and T.C.M. Bakker. 1990. Female sticklebacks use male coloration in mate choice and hence avoid parasitized males. Nature, 344(6264): 331-333.

  • Milinski, M. and C.M. Bakker Theo. 1993. Costs influence sequential mate choice in sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences, 250(1329): 229-233.

  • Milinski, M. 1994. Long-term memory for food patches and implications for ideal free distributions in sticklebacks. Ecology Tempe, 75(4): 1150-1156.

  • Milinski, M. and P. Boltshauser. 1995. Boldness and predator deterrence: A critique of Godin and Davis. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences, 262(1363): 103-105.

  • Milinski, M. 1996. By-product mutualism, Tit-for-Tat reciprocity and cooperative predator inspection - Reply. Animal Behavior, 51(2): 458-461.

  • Milinski, M., J.H. Luthi, R. Eggler and G.A. Parker. 1997. Cooperation under predation risk: Experiments on costs and benefits. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences, 264(1383): 831-837.

  • Milinski, M. 1997. Adaptive mate choice - From sticklebacks to humans. XXV International Ethological Conference, Vienna (Austria), 20-27.

  • Modde, T. and G.B. Haines. 1996. Brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans [Kirtland 1841]), a new addition to the upper Colorado River Basin fish fauna. Great Basin Naturalist, 56(3): 281-282.

  • Mol, J.H. 1996. Reproductive seasonality and nest-site differentiation in three closely related armoured catfishes (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae). Environmental Biology of Fishes, 45(4): 363-381.

  • Moles, A., S.D. Rice and S. Korn. 1979. Sensitivity of Alaskan freshwater and anadromous fishes to Prudhoe Bay crude oil and benzene. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 108(4): 408-414.

  • Moodie, G.E.E. 1984. Status of the giant (Mayer Lake) stickleback, Gasterosteus sp., on the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. Canadian field naturalist, 98(1): 115-119.

  • Moodie, G.E.E. 1986. The population biology of Culaea inconstans , the brook stickleback, in a small prairie lake. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 64(8): 1709-1717.

  • Moodie, G.E.E. and P.F. Moodie. 1996. Do asymmetric sticklebacks make better fathers? Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences, 263(1370): 535-539.

    Moodie, G. E. E., and T. E. Reimchen, 1973. Endemism and conservation of stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) in the Queen Charlotte Islands. Can. Field-Nat. 87: 173-175.

    Moodie, G. E. E., and T. E. Reimchen. 1976a. Glacial refugia, endemism and stickleback populations of the Queen Charlotte Islands. Can. Field-Nat. 90: 471- 474.

    Moodie, G. E. E., and T. E. Reimchen. 1976b. Phenetic variation and habitat differences in Gasterosteus populations of the Queen Charlotte Islands. Systematic Zoology 25: 49-61

  • Moodie, G.E.E. and I.G. Salfert. 1982. Evaluation of fluorescent pigment for marking a scaleless fish, the brook stickleback. Prog. Fish-Cult., 44: 192-195.

  • Moons, L., D.H. E, K. Pijcke and F. Vandesande. 1995. Noradrenergic system in the chicken brain: Immunocytochemical study with antibodies to noradrenaline and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 360(2): 331-348.

  • Moore, J. 1995. The Behavior of Parasitized Animals. Bioscience , 45(2): 89-96.

  • Mori, S. 1985. Reproductive behaviour of the landlocked three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus microcephalus , in Japan. I. The year-long prolongation of the breeding period in waterbodies with springs. Behaviour, 93(1-4): 21-35.

  • Mori, S. 1987. Multinesting behaviour by the freshwater three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Journal of Ethology, 5(2): 199-202.

  • Mori, S. and M. Nagoshi. 1987. Growth and maturity size of the three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus in rearing pool. Bulletin of the Faculty of Fisheries Mie University, 14: 1-10.

  • Mori, S. 1988. The upright nesting behaviours on a vertical shore-wall in the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus (leiurus form). Journal of Ethology, 6(1): 59-62.

  • Mori, S. 1990. Two morphological types in the reproductive stock of three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, in Lake Harutori, Hokkaido Island (Japan). Environmental Biology of Fishes, 27(1): 21-32.

  • Mori, S. 1991. Variations in the breeding system of Gasterosteus. Biology of Inland Waters, 6: 1-10.

  • Mori, S. 1993. The breeding system of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus (forma leiura) with reference to spatial and temporal patterns of nesting activity. Behaviour, 126(1-2): 97-124.

  • Mori, S. 1994. Nest site choice by the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus (form leiurus), in spring-fed waters. Journal of Fish Biology, 45(2): 279-289.

  • Mori, S. 1995. Factors associated with and fitness effects of nest-raiding in the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, in a natural situation. Behaviour, 132(13-14): 1011-1023.

  • Mori, S. 1995. Spatial and temporal variations in nesting success and the causes of nest tosses of the freshwater three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 43(3): 323-328.

  • Mori, S. 1998. Dyadic relationships in nesting males of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 52(1-3): 243-250.

  • Mori, S. and N. Takamura. 2004. Changes in morphological characteristics of an introduced population of the threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus in Lake Towada, northern Japan. Ichthyological Research, 51(4): 295-300.

  • Morozinska, G.J. 1995. Parasitic crustaceans on Gasterosteus aculeatus from the Polish coast of the Baltic sea. 27th Annual Symposium of the Desert Fishes Council, Reno, NV(USA).

  • Morozinska, G.J., J. Rokicki, K. Skirnisson and A. Skorping. 1996. Experimental infestation of sea-gulls by eye-flukes from the three-spined stickleback. Proceedings from the Scandinavian Society for Parasitology special symposium, Parasites and ecology of marine and coastal birds, Stykkisholmur, Iceland, 15-18 June 1996. Bull. Scand. Soc. Parasitol., 6(2): 123.

  • Morozinska, G.J. 1996. Three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus as potential transmitter of parasites to predatory fish and fish-feeding birds. Proceedings of Polish Swedish Symposium on Baltic Coastal fisheries, Resources and management.

  • Moroziska J. 1996. Ciliates of the family Urceolariidae of Gasterosteus aculeatus L. in the Southern Baltic. Estuarine ecosystems and species. Proc. 2-nd Int. Estuary Symp. Gdask, October 18-22, 1993. MBC Crangon 1: 49-55.

  • Moroziska-Gogol J. 1996. Three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus as potential transmitter of parasites to predatory fish and fish-feeding birds. Proceedings of Polish Swedish Symposium on Baltic Coastal Fisheries, Resources and Management: 131-135.

  • Moroziska-Gogol J., Rokicki J., Frelek K., Szefer P. 1998. Trace metals in Gasterosteus aculeatus L. and its parasites from the Gulf of Gdask. Oceanolog. Stud. 3: 71-75.

  • Moroziska-Gogol J. 1999. Dynamic of the select parasites infestation of the three-spined stickleback in dependence to the place of catching in the southern Baltic. Baltic Coastal Zone 3: 77-88.

  • Moroziska-Gogol J. 2000. Parasitofauna of the nine - spined stickleback from the Gulf of Gdansk and the mouth of Dead Vistula. Wiadomosci Parazytologiczne 46(2): 231-237.

  • Moroziska-Gogol J. 2000. Correlation between morphological forms of the three-spined stickleback and parasites infestation in the Baltic Sea. Baltic Coastal Zone 4: 87-94.

  • Moroziska-Gogol J. 2001. Seasonal variation of parasite infection of the three - spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) in the southern Baltic. Wiadomo¶ci Parazytologiczne (in print)

  • Morris, D. 1952. Homosexuality in the ten-spined stickleback (Pygosteus pungitius). Behavior, 4: 233-261.

  • Mos, W.S.M. and E.A. Horvath. 1988. Changes in the distribution of synapses during growth: A quantitative morphological study of the neuromuscular system of fishes. Neuroscience, 24(3): 1061-1069.

  • Mueller, A., J. Lenz, G. Siedler and H. Theede. 1978. Seasonal changes of zooplankton in Kiel Bay. 2. Ichthyoplankton in the uppermost layer. In . Ed.^Eds. Biological features of the Baltic. Kommissionsverl. Walter G. Muehlau. 1978: 194-200.

  • Mueller, K. 1982. Seaward migration of juvenile fish species to the Bothnian Sea. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, 95(1-4): 271-282.

  • Mueller, R. 1983. [Stomach content analysis of grey heron]. Schriftenr. Fisch, 41: 80-87.

  • Mueller, A. 1989. Stomach investigation on cod in the Kiel Bay (Western Baltic). Ices Council Meeting,: 1-9.

  • Muir, D.C.G., D.F. Kenny, N.P. Grift, R.D. Robinson, R.D. Titman and H.R. Murkin. 1991. Fate and acute toxicity of bromoxynil esters in an experimental prairie wetland. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry , 10(3): 395-406.

  • Munro, D.J. and W.D. Gummer. 1980. Mercury accumulation in biota of Thunder Creek, Saskatchewan. Bulletin of the Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 25(6): 884-890.

  • Münzing, J. 1962. Die populationen der marinen wanderform von Gasterosteus Aculeatus L. (Pisces) an den hollndischen und deutschen nordseeküsten das heutige verbreitungsbild und seine postglaziale entwicklung. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research, 1(4): 508-525.

  • Murdy, E.O., R.S. Birdsong and J.A. Musick. 1997. Fishes of Chesapeake Bay. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.

  • Murtaugh, P.A. 1995. Criteria for testing character displacement. Science, 268(5213).

  • Muzzall, P.M., G.E. Whelan and C.R. Peebles. 1987. Parasites of burbot, Lota lota (family Gadidae), from the Ford River in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65(11): 2825-2827. top

    N

  • Nagasawa, K.T.A.S.U. 1989. A checklist and bibliography of parasites of freshwater fishes of Hokkaido. Scientific Reports of the Hokkaido Fish Hatchery,(44): 1-49.

  • Nagel, L. and D. Schluter. 1998. Body size, natural selection, and speciation in sticklebacks. Evolution , 52(1): 209-218.

  • Nakabo, T. 1993. Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to the species. Tokai University Press, Tokyo.

  • Nakamura, Y. 1987. Growth rate of the newly discovered landlocked threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus (Linnaeus), reared in the aquarium. Journal of Japanese Association of Zoological Gardens and Aquariums, 29(4): 79-83.

  • Nakamura, Y. 1991. Growth rate of the ninespine stickleback, Pungitius pungitius, reared in the aquarium. Journal of Japanese Association of Zoological Gardens and Aquariums, 33(3): 53-57.

  • Nams, V.O. 1997. Density-dependent predation by skunks using olfactory search images. Oecologia, 110(3): 440-448.

  • Narita, T. 1970. Physiological, ecological and morphological differences between two forms of ninespine stickleback Pungitius pungitius, in North America. Department of Zoology. Manitoba. Winnipeg: 87.

  • Nash, R.D.M. 1986. Diel fluctuations of a shallow water fish community in the inner Oslofjord, Norway. Pubblicazioni della Stazione zoologica di Napoli I: Marine ecology, 7(3): 219-232.

  • Nazarkin, M.V. 1993. Freshwater fish from upper Quaternary sediments on the coast of the East Siberian Sea. Journal of Ichthyology, 33(2): 26-36.

  • Necchi, D., C. Soldani, M.B. Pisu, G. Bernocchi and E. Scherini. 1999. Distribution of calretinin-like immunoreactivity in the brain of Rana esculenta. Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy, 16(4): 233-243.

  • Nellbring, S. 1985. Abundance, biomass, and seasonal variation of fish on shallow soft bottoms in the Askoe area, northern Baltic proper. Sarsia, 70(2-3): 217-225.

  • Nelson, J.S. 1968. Deep-water ninespine stickleback, Pungitius pungitius, in the Mississippi drainage, Crooked lake, Indiana. Copeia, 1968(2): 326-334.

  • Nelson, J.S. 1969. Geographic variation in the brook stickleback, Culaea inconstans, and notes on numencluture and distribution. Journal of Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 26: 2432-2447.

  • Nelson, J.S. and F.M. Atton. 1971. Geographic and morphologicall variation in the presence and absence of the pelvic skeleton in the brook stickleback, Culaea inconstsns (Kirtland), in Alberta and saskatchewan. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 49(3): 343-352.

  • Nelson, J.S. 1971. Comparison of the pectoral and pelvic skeleton and of some other bones and their phylogenetic implications in the Aulorhynchidae and Gasterosteidae(Pisces). Journal of Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 28: 427-442.

  • Nelson, J.S. 1971. Absence of the pelvic complex in ninespine sticklebacks, Pungitius pungitius, collected in Ireland and Wood Buffalo National Park Region, Canada, with notes on meristic variation. Copeia, 1971(4): 707-717.

  • Nelson, J.S. 1977. Evidence of a genetic basis for absence of the pelvic skeleton in brook stickleback, Culaea inconstans, and notes on the geographical distribution and origin of the loss. Journal of Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 34(9): 1314-1320.

  • Nelson, J.S. 1983. The tropical fish fauna in Cave and Basin Hotsprings Drainage, Banff National Park, Alberta. Canadian field naturalist, 97(3): 255-261.

  • Nelson, J.S. 1984. Fishes of the world. 2nd. ed. John Wiley and Sons, .

  • Nelson, J.S. and M.A. Harris. 1987. Morphological characteristics of an introduced threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus , from Hasse Lake, Alberta: A first occurrence in the interior plains of North America. Environmental biology of fishes, 18(3): 173-181.

  • Nelson, W.G. and E. Bonsdorff. 1990. Fish predation and habitat complexity: Are complexity thresholds real? Journal of Experimental Biology and Ecology, 141(2-3): 183-194.

  • Nelson, J.S. and M.J. Paetz. 1992. The fishes of Alberta. 2nd edition. University of Alberta Press and University of Calgary Press, Edmonton and Calgary.

  • Nelson, J.S. 1993. Analysis of the multiple occurrence of pelvic fin absence in extant fishes. Matsya, 15/16 (for 1989/90): 21-38.

  • Nelson, J.S. 1994. Fishes of the world. 3 rd. ed. John Wiley and Sons, .

  • Nepomnyashchikh, V.A. and K.A. Podgorny. 1994. Study of the sources of instinctive behaviour variability. Zhurnal Obshchei Biologii, 55(4-5): 613-622.

  • Ness, J.H. and S.A. Foster. 1999. Parasite-associated phenotype modifications in threespine stickleback. Oikos, 85(1): 127-134.

  • Newsome, G.E. and J. Tompkins. 1985. Yellow perch egg masses deter predators. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63(12): 2882-2884.

  • Nicoletto, P.F. 1995. Offspring quality and female choice in the guppy, Poecilia reticulata. Animal Behavior, 49(2): 377-387.

  • Nicoletto, P.F. and A. Kodric Brown. 1999. The use of digitally-modified videos to study the function of ornamentation and courtship in the guppy, Poecilia reticulata. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 56(3): 333-341.

  • Nie, P. and C.R. Kennedy. 1992. Occurrence of Phyllodistomum folium (Olfers)(Digenea) in the eel, Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus), in a small river. Journal of Fish Biology, 40(3): 469-470.

  • Nielsen, M.E. 1997. Infection status of the swimbladder worm, Anguillicola crassus in silver stage European eel, Anguilla anguilla, from three different habitats in Danish waters. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 13(4): 195-196.

  • Nikolsky, N. 1889. Fauna of Sakhalin Island. , St. Petersburg.

  • Nilsson, N.A. and T.G. Northcote. 1981. Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri ) and Cutthroat Trout (S. clarki ) Interactions in Coastal British Columbia Lakes. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 38(10): 1228-1246.

  • Niva, T. and M. Julkunen. 1998. Effect of population fluctuation of vendace (Coregonus albula) on the diet and growth of stocked brown trout (Salmo trutta). Advances In Limnology, 50: 295-303.

  • Niva, T. 1999. Relations between diet, growth, visceral lipid content and yield of the stocked brown trout in three small lakes in northern Finland. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 36(2): 103-120.

  • Niwa, T. 1987. Comparison of the gene frequency between sympatric populations of ninespine sticklebacks, genus Pungitius, in Hokkaido, Japan. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology, 34(2): 184-190.

  • Northcott, S.J., A.R. Lyndon and A.D. Campbell. 1997. An outbreak of freshwater fish lice, Argulus foliaceus L., seriously affecting a Scottish stillwater fishery. Fisheries Management and Ecology, 4(1): 73-75.

  • Northcutt, R.G. 1995. The forebrain of gnathostomes: In search of a morphotype. Brain Behavior and Evolution, 46(4-5): 275-318.

  • Norton, S.F., J.J. Luczkovich and P.J. Motta. 1995. The role of ecomorphological studies in the comparative biology of fishes. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 44(1-3): 287-304.

  • Novikov, G.G., Politov, D.V., Makhrov, A.A., et al. 2000. Freshwater and estuarine fishes of the ýRussian Arctic coast (the Swedish-Russian Expedition 'Tundra Ecology-94'). Journal of Fish Biology, ýý57: 158-162 Suppl. A.ý top

    O

  • Odling-Smee, L. and V.A. Braithwaite. 2003. The influence of habitat stability on landmark use during spatial learning in the three-spined stickleback. Animal Behaviour, 65(4): 701-707.

  • O'Hara, K. and T. Penczak. 1987. Production of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L., in the River Weaver, England. Freshwater biology, 18(2): 353-360.

  • O'Neill, S.M. and K.D. Hyatt. 1987. An experimental study of competition for food between sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka ) and threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus ) in a British Columbia coastal lake. Can. Spec. Publ. Fish. Aquat. Sci.,(96): 143-160.

  • O'Reilly, P., T.E. Reimchen, R. Beech and C. Strobeck. 1993. Mitochondrial DNA in Gasterosteus and Pleistocene glacial refugium in the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. Evolution, 47(2): 678-684.

  • Offill, Y.A. and W.E. Walton. 1999. Comparative efficacy of the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) and the mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) for mosquito control. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 15(3): 380-390.

  • Ohguchi, O. 1978. Experiments on the selection against colour oddity of water fleas by three-spined sticklebacks. Z. Tierpsychol., 47(3): 254-267.

  • Ohguchi, O. 1981. Prey density and selection against oddity by three-spined sticklebacks. VERLAG PAUL PAREY, BERLIN (FRG).

  • Ojaveer, H. and A. Lumberg. 1995. On the role of Cercopagis (Cercopagis) pengoi (Ostroumov) in Parnu Bay and the NE part of the Gulf of Riga ecosystem. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences Ecology, 5(1-2): 20-25.

  • Ojaveer, H., A. Lankov, A. Lumberg and A. Turovski. 1997. Forage fishes in the brackish Gulf of Riga ecosystem. American Fisheries Society, 14: 293-309.

  • Okuda, N. and Y. Yanagisawa. 1996. Filial cannibalism by mouthbrooding males of the cardinal fish, Apogon doederleini, in relation to their physical condition. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 45(4): 397-404.

  • Okuda, N., T. Takeyama and Y. Yanagisawa. 1997. Age-specific filial cannibalism in a paternal mouthbrooding fish. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 41(6): 363-369.

  • Olson, V.A. and I.P.F. Owens. 1998. Costly sexual signals: are carotenoids rare, risky or required? Trends In Ecology and Evolution, 13(12): 510-514.

  • O'Reilly, P., T. E. Reimchen, R. Beech and C. Strobeck. 1993. Mitochondrial DNA in Gasterosteus and Pleistocene glacial refugium on the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. Evolution, 47: 678-684 < P>
  • Orlovskaya, O.M., G.I. Atrashkevich and V. Barshene Ya. 1995. Phyllodistomum pungitii sp. n. (Trematoda: Gorgoderidae) from the fish Pungitius pungitius of Chukotka. Parazitologiya St. Petersburg, 29(6): 532-537.

  • Orn, S., P.L. Andersson, L. Forlin, M. Tysklind and L. Norrgren. 1998. The impact on reproduction of an orally administered mixture of selected PCBs in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 35(1): 52-57.

  • Oronsaye, J.A.O. 1981. The toxicity of cadmium to the stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus L. and its effect on the gills and kidneys. Queen Elizabeth College. Wales, Aberystwyth.

  • Oronsaye, J.A.O. and A.E. Brafield. 1984. The effect of dissolved cadmium on the chloride cells of the gills of the stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Journal of Fish Biology, 25(2): 253-258.

  • Oronsaye, J.A.O. 1987. The uptake and loss of dissolved cadmium by the stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 14(1): 88-96.

  • Oronsaye, J.A. 1989. Histological changes in the kidneys and gills of the stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L, exposed to dissolved cadmium in hard water. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 17(3): 279-290.

  • Oronsaye, J.A.O. 1997. Ultrastructural changes in the gills of the stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus (L.) exposed to dissolved cadmium in hard and soft water. Journal of Aquatic Sciences, 12: 59-66.

  • Orti, G., M.A. Bell, T.E. Reimchen and A. Meyer. 1994. Global survey of mitochondrial DNA sequences in the threespine stickleback: Evidence for recent migrations. Evolution, 48(3): 608-622.

  • Östholm, Thomas, P. Ekström, A. Bruun and T. van Veen. 988. Temporal disparity in pineal and retinal ontogeny. Developmental Brain Research, 42(1): 1-13.

  • Ostlund, S. 1995. Female 15-spined sticklebacks detect males with empty nests by non-visual cues. Journal of Fish Biology, 47(6): 1106-1109.

  • Ostlund, S. and I. Ahnesjo. 1998. Female fifteen-spined sticklebacks prefer better fathers. Animal Behavior, 56(5): 1177-1183.

  • Otaki, K. 1907. Sticklebacks of Japan. Trans. Sap. Natural History Soc., 2: 85-91.

  • Owen, S.F., I. Barber and P.J.B. Hart. 1993. Low level infection by eye fluke, Diplostomum spp., affects the vision of three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Journal of Fish Biology, 42(5): 803-806. top

    P

  • Paepke, H.J. and K. Senglaub. 1992. Vom Wert des Dreistachligen Stichlings. Wissenschaft Und Fortschritt, 42(2): 85-88.

  • Paepke, H.J. 1996. [The sticklebacks]. Westarp Wissenschaften, Magdeburg.

  • Paepke, H.J. 1997. [Pungitius pungitius, the nine-spined stickleback. Exciting study object from field ditches.]. Datz, 50(6): 376-379.

  • Pall, M.K., I. Mayer, and B. Borg. 2002. Androgen and Behavior in the Male Three-Spined Stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus I.-Changes in 11-ketotestosterone Levels during the Nesting Cycle. Hormones and Behavior, 41(4):377-383.

  • Páll, M.K., M. Liljander, and B. Borg. 2004. Prolactin Diminishes Courtship Behaviour and Stimulates Fanning in Nesting Male Three-Spined Sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Behaviour, 141(11/12): 1511-1520.

  • Palm, A. and T. Krause. 1995. Micronucleated erythrocytes in fish from several Estonian waterbodies. Proc. Estonian Acad. Sci. Biol., 44(3-4): 69-77.

  • Parichy, D.M. and R.H. Kaplan. 1995. Maternal investment and developmental plasticity: Functional consequences for locomotor performance of hatchling frog larvae. Functional Ecology, 9(4): 606-617.

  • Parker, G.A. and M. Milinski. 1997. Cooperation under predation risk: a data-based ESS analysis. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences, 264(1385): 1239-1247.

  • Pascoe, D. and D.L. Mattey. 1977. Studies on the toxicity of cadmium to the three-spined sticleback Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Journal of Fish Biology, 11(2): 207-215.

  • Pascoe, D. and J. Woodworth. 1980. The effects of joint stress on sticklebacks. Z. Parasitenkd., 62(2): 159-163.

  • Patriquin, M.K.J. and J.G.J. Godin. 1998. Do female three-spined sticklebacks copy the mate choice of others? American Naturalist, 151(6): 570-577.

  • Paxton, C.G.M. and A.E. Magurran. 1994. Brightly coloured schools and red herrings: A reply to Roccanova. Animal Behavior, 48(6): 1459-1460.

  • Peeke, H.V., M.H. Figler and N. Blankenship. 1979. Retention and recovery of habituated territorial aggressive behaviour in the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.): the roles of time and nest reconstruction. Behaviour, 69(3-4): 171-182.

  • Peeke, H.V.S. 1982. Stimulus- and motivation-specific sensitization and redirection of aggression in the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeutus ). Journal of Comparative Physiology and Psychology, 96(5): 816-822.

  • Peeke, H.V.S. 1983. Habituation, sensitization, and redirection of aggression and feeding behavior in the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.). Journal of Comparative Psychology, 97(1): 43-51.

  • Peeke, H.V.S. and K.A. Dark. 1990. The effects of isolation on the sensitization and habituation of aggression in the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus ). Ethology, 85(1): 35-42.

  • Peeke, H.V.S. 1995. Habituation of a predatory response in the stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Behaviour, 132(15-16): 1255-1266.

  • Peeke, H.V.S. and M.H. Figler. 1997. Form and function of habituation and sensitization of male courtship in the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.). Behaviour, 134(15-16): 1273-1287.

  • Peichel, C.L. and J.W. Boughman. 2003. Sticklebacks. Current Biology, 13(24): R942-R943.

  • Peichel, C.L., K.S. Nereng, K.A. Ohgi, B.L. Cole, P.F. Colosimo, C.A. Buerkle, D. Schluter, and D.M. Kingsley. 2001. The genetic architecture of divergence between threespine stickleback species. Nature, 414(6866): 901-905.

  • Peichel, C.L., J.A. Ross, C.K. Matson, M. Dickson, J. Grimwood, J. Schmutz, R.M. Myers, S. Mori, D. Schluter and D.M. Kingsley. 2004. The Master Sex-Determination Locus in Threespine Sticklebacks Is on a Nascent Y Chromosome. Current Biology, 14(24): 1416-1424.

  • Peltonen, H., M. Vinni, A. Lappalainen, and J. Pinni. 2004. Spatial feeding patterns of herring (Clupea harengus L.), sprat (Sprattus sprattus L.), and the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) in the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea. ICES Journal of Marine Science,61(6): 966-971.

  • Penczak, T., M. Zalewski, E. Suszycka and M. Molinski. 1981. Estimation of the density, biomass and growth rate of fish populations in two small lowland rivers. Ekologia Polska, 29(2): 233-255.

  • Penczak, T. 1981. Ecological fish production in two small lowland rivers in Poland. Oecologia, 48(1): 107-111.

  • Pepin, P., T.H. Shears and Y. de Lafontaine. 1992. Significance of body size to the interaction between a larval fish (Mallotus villosus) and a vertebrate predator (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Marine Ecology Progress Series, 81(1): 1-12.

  • Pepin, P. and T.H. Shears. 1995. Influence of body size and alternate prey abundance on the risk of predation to fish larvae. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 128(1-3): 279-285.

  • Perrin, N. 1995. Signalling, mating success and paternal investment in sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus): A theoretical model. Behaviour, 132(13-14): 1037-1057.

  • Peterson, R.H. and D.J. Martin Robichaud. 1982. Food habits of fishes in ten New Brunswick lakes. CAN. TECH. REP. FISH. AQUAT. SCI.,(1094): 1-46.

  • Peterson, R.H. and D.J. Martin Robichaud. 1983. Age-size characteristics of fish sampled from ten lakes in southern New Brunswick in 1978. Can. Manuscr. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci.,(1723): 1-35.

  • Peuhkuri, N. 1992. Schooling affects the growth and oxygen consumption of three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Fourth International Behavioral Ecology Congress, Princeton NJ (USA).

  • Peuhkuri, N. and E. Ranta. 1994. Odd individual in a school of sticklebacks. Fisheries Society of the British Isles Annual Symposium: Predator-Prey Relationships in Fishes, Glasgow (Scotland).

  • Peuhkuri, N., E. Ranta, S.K. Juvonen and K. Lindstrom. 1995. Schooling affects growth in the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Journal of Fish Biology, 46(2): 221-226.

  • Peuhkuri, N. 1997. Size-assortative shoaling in fish: The effect of oddity on foraging behaviour. Animal Behavior, 54(2): 271-278.

  • Peuhkuri, N., E. Ranta and P. Seppa. 1997. Size-assortative schooling in free-ranging sticklebacks. Ethology, 103(4): 318-324.

  • Peuhkuri, N. 1998. Body size and food-patch finding in a stickleback shoal. Journal of Fish Biology, 53(3): 687-689.

  • Peuhkuri, N. 1998. Shoal composition, body size and foraging in sticklebacks. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 43(4-5): 333-337.

  • Peuhkuri, N. and P. Seppa. 1998. Do three-spined sticklebacks group with kin? Annales Zoologici Fennici, 35(1): 21-27.

  • Peuhkuri, N. 1999. Size-assorted fish shoals and the majority's choice. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 46(5): 307-312.

  • Pfeifer, M. 1998. [Biomass of wild fishes in ponds -- a discussion]. Fisch. Teichwirt, 49(3): 82-84.

  • Pharisat, A. and N. Micklich. 1998. Oligocene fishes in the western paratethys of the Rhine Valley Rift System. Italian Journal of Zoology, 65: 163-168.

  • Pharisat, A. 1998. Marine fish biodiversity in the Oligocene of Froidefontaine (Belfort Territory, France). Italian Journal of Zoology, 65: 189-191.

  • Phromsuthirak, P. 1976. Electron microscopy of cellular reactions during wound healing in the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.). London University College.

  • Phromsuthirak, P. 1977. Electron microscopy of wound healing in the skin of Gasterosteus aculeatus. Journal of Fish Biology, 11(2): 193-206.

  • Picard, P.J., J.J. Dodson and G.J. Fitzgerald. 1990. Habitat segregation among the age groups of Gasterosteus aculeatus (Pisces: Gasterosteidae) in the middle St. Lawrence estuary, Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 68(6): 1202-1208.

  • Pigeon, D., A. Chouinard and L. Bernatchez. 1997. Multiple modes of speciation involved in the parallel evolution of sympatric morphotypes of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis, Salmonidae). Evolution , 51(1): 196-205.

  • Pigg, J., J. Stahl, M. Ambler and J. Smith. 1993. Two potential sources of exotic fish in Oklahoma. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science, 73: 67.

  • Pleijel, F. 1993. Polychaeta Phyllodocidae. Marine Invertebrates of Scandinavia, 8: 1-158.

  • Podolska, M. and J. Morozinska. 1994. [Anisakis simplex (larva III stage) in stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus from the southern Baltic region]. Wiad Parazytol, 40(3): 305-309.

  • Poizat, G. and A.J. Crivelli. 1997. Use of seasonally flooded marshes by fish in a Mediterranean wetland: Timing and demographic consequences. Journal of Fish Biology, 51(1): 106-119.

  • Poizat, G., E. Rosecchi and A.J. Crivelli. 1999. Empirical evidence of a trade-off between reproductive effort and expectation of future reproduction in female three-spined sticklebacks. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences, 266(1428): 1543-1548.

  • Poizat, G., P. Chauvelon, E. Rosecchi and A.J. Crivelli. 1999. Passage of Rhone River fish through irrigation pumps in the Camargue: First results. Bulletin Francais De La Peche Et De La Pisciculture, 352: 31-43.

  • Pomport, C.C., C. Gasc and B. Romestand. 1999. IgM levels and specific antibody activity of the flounder (Platichthys flesus L.), following injection of microsporidian spores. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 9(2): 153-156.

  • Pont, D., A.J. Crivelli and F. Guillot. 1991. The impact of three-spined sticklebacks on the zooplankton of a previously fish-free pool. Freshwater Biology, 26(2): 149-164.

  • Post, J.R., M.R.S. Johannes and D.J. McQueen. 1997. Evidence of density-dependent cohort splitting in age-0 yellow perch (Perca flavescens): Potential behavioural mechanisms and population-level consequences. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 54(4): 867-875.

  • Potts, G.W., M.H.A. Keenleyside and J.M. Edwards. 1988. The effect of silt on the parental behaviour of the sea stickleback, Spinachia spinachia. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 68(2): 277-286.

  • Poulin, R. and G.J. FitzGerald. 1987. The potential of parasitism in the structuring of a salt marsh stickleback community. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65(11): 2793-2798.

  • Poulin, R. and G.J. FitzGerald. 1988. Water temperature, vertical distribution, and risk of ectoparasitism in juvenile sticklebacks. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 66(9): 2002-2005.

  • Poulin, R. and G.J. FitzGerald. 1989. A possible explanation for the aggregated distribution of Argulus canadensis Wilson, 1916 (Crustacea: Branchiura) on juvenile sticklebacks (Gasterosteidae). Journal of Parasitology, 75(1): 58-60.

  • Poulin, R. and G.J. FitzGerald. 1989. Early life histories of three sympatric sticklebacks in a salt-marsh. Journal of Fish Biology, 34(2): 207-221.

  • Poulin, R. and G.J. Fitzgerald. 1989. Risk of parasitism and microhabitat selection in juvenile sticklebacks. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 67(1): 14-18.

  • Poulin, R. and G.J. FitzGerald. 1989. Shoaling as an anti-ectoparasite mechanism in juvenile sticklebacks (Gasterosteus spp.). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 24(4): 251-255.

  • Poulin, R. and G.J. FitzGerald. 1989. Male-biased sex ratio in Argulus canadensis Wilson, 1916 (Crustacea: Branchiura) ectoparasitic on sticklebacks. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 67(8): 2078-2080.

  • Poulin, R. 1994. The evolution of parasite manipulation of host behaviour: A theoretical analysis. Parasitology, 109(Suppl. S): S109-S118.

  • Poulin, R. 1995. ''Adaptive'' changes in the behaviour of parasitized animals: A critical review. International Journal For Parasitology, 25(12): 1371-1383.

  • Poulin, R. and W.L. Vickery. 1996. Parasite mediated sexual selection: Just how choosy are parasitized females? Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 38(1): 43-49.

  • Poulin, R. and F. Thomas. 1999. Phenotypic variability induced by parasites: Extent and evolutionary implications. Parasitology Today, 15(1): 28-32.

  • Poysa, H., J. Virtanen and M. Milonoff. 1997. Common goldeneyes adjust maternal effort in relation to prior brood success and not current brood size. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 40(2): 101-106.

  • Prenda, J., P.D. Armitage and A. Grayston. 1997. Habitat use by the fish assemblages of two chalk streams. Journal of Fish Biology, 51(1): 64-79.

  • Prescott, S.A. 1998. Interactions between depression and facilitation within neural networks: Updating the dual-process theory of plasticity. Learning and Memory, 5(6): 446-466.

  • Pressley, P.H. 1981. Parental Effort and the Evolution of Nest-Guarding Tactics in the Threespine Stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Evolution, 35(2): 282-295.

  • Prieto M.H., Lopez J.C.F., Gonzalez R.A., and Salan E.S. 2005. Geographical and temporal FA variation in threespine stickleback populations from Galicia (NW Spain). EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY 19 (6): 517-532.

  • Propst, D.L. 1983. Warmwater fishes of the Platte River basin, Colorado; distribution, ecology, and community dynamics. Colorado State University. Fort Collins: 301.

  • Protas, M.E., and C.J. Tabin. 2004. Reduce Your Pelvis in 10,000 Years or Less. Developmental Cell, 6(5): 613-614.

  • Ptacek, M.B. and J. Travis. 1997. Mate choice in the sailfin molly, Poecilia latipinna. Evolution, 51(4): 1217-1231.

  • Pulkkinen, K. and E.T. Valtonen. 1999. Accumulation of plerocercoids of Triaenophorus crassus in the second intermediate host Coregonus lavaretus and their effect on growth of the host. Journal of Fish Biology, 55(1): 115-126.

  • Pyron, M. 1996. Male orangethroat darters, Etheostoma spectabile, do not prefer larger females. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 47(4): 407-410. top

    Q

  • Quinn, T.P. and J.T. Light. 1989. Occurrence of threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) in the open North Pacific Ocean: Migration or drift? Canadian Journal of Zoology, 67(11): 2850-2852.

  • Quinn, T.P. 1999. Variation in Pacific salmon reproductive behaviour associated with species, sex and levels of competition. Behaviour, 136(2): 179-204. top

    R

  • Rademacher, K. and U. Kils. 1994. Predator/prey dynamics of fifteen-spined stickleback (Spinachia spinachia) and mysid (Neomysis integer). Fisheries Society of the British Isles Annual Symposium: Predator-Prey Relationships in FishesPredator-Prey Relationships in Fishes, Glasgow (Scotland).

  • Rademacher, K. and U. Kils. 1996. Predator prey dynamics of fifteen-spined stickleback (Spinachia spinachia) and the mysid (Neomysis integer). Archive of Fishery and Marine Research, 43(2): 171-181.

  • Rademacher, K. and U. Kils. 1996. Predator/prey dynamics of 15-spined stickleback (Spinachia spinachia) and mysid (Neomysis integer). ARCHIVE OF FISHERY AND MARINE RESEARCH, 43(2): 171-181.

  • Rahkonen, R. and P. Koski. 1997. Occurrence of cestode larvae in brown trout after stocking in a large regulated lake in northern Finland. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 31(1): 55-63.

  • Rajasilta, M. 1980. Food consumption of the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.). Ann. Zool., 17(2): 123-126.

  • Randall, J.E. and M.L. Bauchot. 1993. Case 2842. Naucrates Rafinesque, 1810 and Xyrichtys Cuvier, 1814 (Osteichthyes, Perciformes): proposed conservation. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 50(4): 277-281.

  • Ranta, E. and V. Nuutinen. 1984. Zooplankton predation by rock-pool fish (Tinca tinca L. and Pungitius pungitius L.): An experimental study. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 21(4): 441-449.

  • Ranta, E. and V. Kaitala. 1991. School size affects individual feeding success in three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.). Journal of Fish Biology, 39(5): 733-738.

  • Ranta, E., S.K. Juvonen and N. Peuhkuri. 1992. Further evidence for size-assortative schooling in sticklebacks. Journal of Fish Biology, 41(4): 627-630.

  • Ranta, E., K. Lindstroem and N. Peuhkuri. 1992. Size matters when three-spined sticklebacks go to school. Animal Behavior, 43(1): 160-162.

  • Ranta, E. 1993. There is no optimal foraging group size. Animal Behavior, 46(5): 1032-1035.

  • Ranta, E. and S.K. Juvonen. 1993. Interference affects food-finding rate in schooling sticklebacks. Journal of Fish Biology, 43(4): 531-535.

  • Ranta, E. 1995. Schistocephalus infestation improves prey-size selection by three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Journal of Fish Biology, 46(1): 156-158.

  • Rau, M.E. and D.M. Gordon. 1977. A technique for the demonstration of the metacercariae of Apatemon gracilis pellucidus (Yamaguti, 1933) in the deep tissues of the brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 55(7): 1200-1201.

  • Rau, M.E. and D.M. Gordon. 1978. The frequency distribution of tetracotyles of Apatemon gracilis pellucidus (Yamaguti, 1933) in stickleback Culaea inconstans (Kirtland) populations of homogeneous age and size structure. Journal of Fish Disease, 1(3): 259-263.

  • Raven, P. 1986. The size of minnow prey in the diet of young kingfishers Alcedo atthis. Bird Studies, 33(1): 6-11.

  • Rawlinson, S.E. and M.A. Bell. 1982. Stickleback Fish (Pungitius ) from the Neogene Sterling Formation, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. Journal of Paleontology, 56(3): 583-588.

  • Reddy, P.K., A.C. Holloway, R. Renaud and J.F. Leatherland. 1999. Melatonin, but not somatostatin-14 influences in vitro steroidogenesis by ovarian follicles of rainbow trout. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 21(3): 211-222.

  • Reebs, S.G., F.G. Whoriskey, Jr. and G.J. FitzGerald. 1984. Diel patterns of fanning activity, egg respiration, and the nocturnal behavior of male three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. (f. trachurus ). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 62(3): 329-334.

  • Reebs, S.G., L. Boudreau, R. Hardie and R.A. Cunjak. 1995. Diel activity patterns of lake chubs and other fishes in a temperate stream. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 73(7): 1221-1227.

  • Reebs, S.G. and N. Saulnier. 1997. The effect of hunger on shoal choice in golden shiners (Pisces: Cyprinidae, Notemigonus crysoleucas). Ethology, 103(8): 642-652.

  • Reid, T., P.S. Young, D.V. Lauritzen, D. Shigematsu and J.J. Cech, Jr. 1997. Effects of temperature on swimming behavior and swimming performance of the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.). 127th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society, Monterey, CA (USA).

  • Reimchen, T.E. 1980. Spine deficiency and polymorphism in a population of Gasterosteus aculeatus, an adaptation to predators? Canadian Journal of Zoology, 58: 1232-1244.

  • Reimchen, T.E. 1982. Incidence and intensity of Cyathocephalus truncatus and Schistocephalus solidus infection in Gasterosteus aculeatus. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 60(5): 1091-1095.

  • Reimchen, T.E. 1983. Structural relationships between spines and lateral plates in threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Evolution, 37: 931-946.

  • Reimchen, T.E. 1984. Status of unarmoured and spine-deficient populations (Charlotte unarmoured stickleback) of threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus sp., on the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. Canadian field naturalist, 98(1): 120-126.

  • Reimchen, T.E. 1988. Inefficient predators and prey injuries in a population of giant stickleback. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 66(9): 2036-2044.

    Reimchen, T. E. 1989. Loss of nuptial color in threespine stickleback Gasterosteus. Evolution 43: 450-460.

  • Reimchen, T.E. 1990. Size-structured mortality in a threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) and cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki) community. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 47(6): 1194-1205.

  • Reimchen, T.E. 1991. Evolutionary attributes of headfirst prey manipulation and swallowing in piscivores. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 69(11): 2912-2916.

  • Reimchen, T.E. 1991. Trout foraging failures and the evolution of body size in stickleback. Copeia, 1991(4): 1098-1104.

    Reimchen, T. E. 1991. Evolutionary attributes of headfirst prey manipulation and swallowing in piscivores. Can. J. Zool. 69: 2912-2916.

  • Reimchen, T.E. 1992. Extended longevity in a large-bodied stickleback, Gasterosteus, population. Canadian Field Naturalist, 106(1): 122-125.

  • Reimchen, T.E. 1992. Injuries on stickleback from attacks by a toothed predator (Oncorhynchus) and implications for evolution of lateral plates. Evolution, 46(4): 1224-1230.

  • Reimchen, T.E. 1994. Predators and morphological evolution in threespine stickleback. In M. A. Bell and S. A. Foster. Ed.^Eds. Evolutionary biology of the threespine stickleback. Oxford University Press, Oxford. : 240-276.

  • Reimchen, T.E. 1995. Predator-induced cyclical changes in lateral plate frequencies of Gasterosteus. Behaviour, 132(13-14): 1079-1094.

  • Reimchen, T.E. 1997. Parasitism of asymmetrical pelvic phenotypes in stickleback. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 75(12): 2084-2094.

    Reimchen, T. E. 2000. Predator handling failures of lateral plate morphs in Gasterosteus aculeatus : implications for stasis and distribution of the ancestral plate condition. Behavior, 137: 1081-1096

  • Reimchen, T.E. and J. Buckland Nicks. 1990. A novel association between an endemic stickleback and a parasitic dinoflagellate: 1. Seasonal cycle and host response. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 68(4): 667-671.

  • Reimchen, T.E. and S. Douglas. 1980. Observations of loons (Gavia immer and G. stellata ) at a bog lake on the Queen Charlotte Islands. Canadian Field Naturalist, 94(4): 398-404.

  • Reimchen, T.E. and J.S. Nelson. 1987. Habitat and morphological correlates to vertebral number as shown in a teleost, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Copeia, 1987(4): 869-874.

    Reimchen, T. E. and P. Nosil. 2001. Dietary differences between symmetrical and asymmetrical pelvic phenotypes in stickleback. Can. J. Zool. 79: 533-539.

    Reimchen, T.E. and Nosil, P. 2001. Ecological causes of sex-biased parasitism in three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 73: 51-63.

    Reimchen, T.E. and Nosil, P. 2001. Lateral plate asymmetry, diet and parasitism in threespine stickleback. J. Evol. Biol. 14: 632-645

    Reimchen, T.E. and P. Nosil. 2002. Temporal cycles in divergent selection on spine number in threespine stickleback. Evolution, 56: 2472-2483

    Reimchen, T.E. and P. Nosil. 2004. Variable predation regimes predict the evolution of sexual dimorphism in a population of threespine stickleback. Evolution, 58: 1274-1281

    Reimchen, T.E., E.S. Stinson and J.S. Nelson. 1985. Multivariate differentiation of parapatric and allopatric populations of threespine stickleback in the Sangan River watershed, Queen Charlotte Islands. Can. J. Zool. 63: 294-2951.

  • Reinertsen, H., J.I. Koksvik and A. Haug. 1995. Effects of fish elimination on the phytoplankton and zooplankton in a small eutrophic lake. Proc. Int. Assoc. Theor. Appl. Limnol., Stuttgart (FRG).

  • Reinertsen, H., J.I. Koksvik and A. Haug. 1997. Effects of fish elimination on the phytoplankton and zooplankton in a small eutrophic lake. Internationale Vereinigung Fur Theoretische Und Angewandte Limnologie Verhandlungen, 26(2): 593-598.

  • Reiriz, L., A.G. Nicieza and F. Brana. 1998. Prey selection by experienced and naive juvenile Atlantic salmon. Journal of Fish Biology, 53(1): 100-114.

  • Reiss, M.J. 1984. Courtship and reproduction in the three-spined stickleback. Journal of Biological Education, 18(3): 197-200.

  • Reist, J.D. 1978. Predation as a factor in maintaining the pelvic polymorphism in a central Alberta population of Culaea inconstans (Kirtland , (Pisces: Gasterosteidae). Department of Zoology. University of Alberta. Edmonton: 177.

  • Reist, J.D. 1980. Predation upon pelvic phenotypes of brook stickleback, Culaea inconstans , by selected invertebrates. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 58(7): 1253-1258.

  • Reist, J.D. 1980. Selective predation upon pelvic phenotypes of brook stickleback, Culaea inconstans , by northern pike, Esox lucius. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 58(7): 1245-1252.

  • Reist, J.D. 1981. Variation in Frequencies of Pelvic Phenotypes of the Brook Stickleback, Culaea inconstans , in Redwater Drainage, Alberta. Canadian field naturalist, 95(2): 178-182.

  • Reist, J.D. 1983. Behavioral variation in pelvic phenotypes of brook stickleback, Culaea inconstans , in response to predation by northern pike, Esox lucius. Environmental biology of fishes, 8(3-4): 255-267.

  • Repecka, R., G. Rudzianskiene, K. Gaigalas, L. Lozys, S. Stankus and T. Overkaite. 1998. The monitoring of commercial fish population structure and abundance in the Curonian lagoon and the river Nemunas Delta. Fishery and aquaculture in Lithuania, 3(1): 153-173.

  • Resist, J.D. 1981. Variation in frequencies of pelvic phenotypes of the brook stickleback, Culaea inconstans , in Redwater drainage, Alberta. Canadian Field Naturalist, 95(2): 178-182.

  • Reynolds, J.D. 1985. Cladocera from Burren turloughs at Mullagh More, Co. Clare. Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society, 9: 51-54.

  • Reynolds, J.D. and J.C. Jones. 1999. Female preference for preferred males is reversed under low oxygen conditions in the common goby (Pomatoschistus microps). Behavioral Ecology, 10(2): 149-154.

  • Rick, I.P., R. Modarressie, and T.C.M. Bakker. 2004. Male Three-Spined Sticklebacks Reflect in Ultraviolet Light. Behaviour, 141(11/12): 1531-1542.

  • Rico, C., U. Kuhnlein and G.J. Fitzgerald. 1991. A DNA probe that yields highly informative DNA fingerprints for the threespine stickleback. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 120(6): 809-815.

  • Rico, C., U. Kuhnlein and G.J. Fitzgerald. 1992. Male reproductive tactics in the threespine stickleback - an evaluation by DNA fingerprinting. Molecular Ecology, 1(2): 79-87.

  • Rico, C., D. Zadworny, U. Kuhnlein and G.J. Fitzgerald. 1993. Characterization of hypervariable microsatellite loci in the threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus. Molecular Ecology, 2(4): 271-272.

  • Rico, C., I. Rico and G. Hewitt. 1996. 470 million years of conservation of microsatellite loci among fish species. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences, 263(1370): 549-557.

  • Rico, C., K.M. Ibrahim, I. Rico and G.M. Hewitt. 1997. Stock composition in North Atlantic populations of whiting using microsatellite markers. Journal of Fish Biology, 51(3): 462-475.

  • Ridgway, M.S. and J.D. McPhail. 1984. Ecology and evolution of sympatric sticklebacks (Gasterosteus ): Mate choice and reproductive isolation in the Enos Lake species pair. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 62(9): 1813-1818.

  • Ridgway, M.S. and J.D. McPhail. 1988. Raiding shoal size and a distraction display in male sticklebacks (Gasterosteus ). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 66(1): 201-205.

  • Ridley, M. and C. Rechten. 1981. Female sticklebacks prefer to spawn with males whose nests contain eggs. Behaviour, 76(1-2): 152-161.

  • Ringler, N.H. and K.D. Hyatt. 1986. Role of nest raiding and egg predation in regulating population density of three-spine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus ) in a coastal British Columbia lake. IV International Congress of Ecology; 71st Annual ESA Meeting, Syracuse NY (USA).

  • Ringler, N.H. 1993. Trophic relationships of fishes and other aquatic organisms. Nordic Workshop On Predation Processes and Predation Models, Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen.

  • Rintamaki, P.T., R.V. Alatalo, J. Hoglund and A. Lundberg. 1995. Mate sampling behaviour of black grouse females (Tetrao tetrix). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 37(3): 209-215.

  • Robinson, C.L.K. 1989. Laboratory survival of four prey in the presence of northern pike. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 67(2): 418-420.

  • Robinson, C.L.K. and W.M. Tonn. 1989. Influence of environmental factors and piscivory in structuring fish assemblages of small Alberta lakes. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 46(1): 81-89.

  • Robinson, C.J., F.V. Arenas and G.J. Gomez. 1995. Diel vertical and offshore-inshore movements of anchovies off the central Baja California coast. Journal of Fish Biology, 47(5): 877-892.

  • Robinson, B.W. and D.S. Wilson. 1996. Genetic variation and phenotypic plasticity in a trophically polymorphic population of pumpkinseed sunfish (Lepomis gibbosus). Evolutionary Ecology, 10(6): 631-652.

  • Robinson, B.W., D.S. Wilson and G.O. Shea. 1996. Trade-offs of ecological specialization: An intraspecific comparison of pumpkinseed sunfish phenotypes. Ecology , 77(1): 170-178.

  • Rocco, L., Russo, C., Stingo, V., et al. 1999. Characterisation of 5S rDNA in Gasterosteus aculeatus ýý(Teleostei, Gasterosteidae). Italian Journal of Zoology, 66 (3): 285-289.ý

  • Roche, B. 1988. Evaluation of the first ichthyological inventories of the Corsican hydrographical network; observations of the running water species. Bulletin of Ecology, 19(2-3): 235-245.

  • Roche, K., R. Harris, S. Warrington and G.H. Copp. 1995. Home range and diet of re-introduced European otters Lutra lutra (L.) in Hertfordshire rivers. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 5(2): 87-96.

  • Roche, J.P. 1996. Of learning and instinct: a tale of the three-spined stickleback. Animal Behavior Bulletin, 1(1): 1-4.

  • Rochette, R., S. Morissette and J.H. Himmelman. 1995. A Flexible Response to a Major Predator Provides the Whelk Buccinum-Undatum L with Nutritional Gains. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 185(2): 167-180.

  • Rochette, R. and J.H. Himmelman. 1996. Does vulnerability influence trade-offs made by whelks between predation risk and feeding opportunities? Animal Behavior, 52(4): 783-794.

  • Rodewald, A.D. and S.A. Foster. 1998. Effects of gravidity on habitat use and antipredator behaviour in three-spined sticklebacks. Journal of Fish Biology, 52(5): 973-984.

  • Roed, K.H. 1979. The temperature preference of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. (Pisces), collected at different seasons. Sarsia, 64(3): 137-141.

  • Roedland, J.T. 1983. A redescription of the cestodes Proteocephalus filicollis (Rudolphi) from Gasterosteus aculeatus L., and P. ambiguus (Dujardin) from Pungitius pungitius (L.). Zoologica Scripta, 12(1): 19-23.

  • Rogers, I.H., J.S. MacDonald and M. Sadar. 1992. Uptake of selected organochlorine contaminants in fishes resident in the Fraser River Estuary, Vancouver, British Columbia. Water Pollution Research Journal of Canada, 27(4): 733-749.

  • Roghair, C.J.A.B. and H.N.P. Schoon. 1992. Ecotoxicological risk evaluation of the cationic fabric softener DTDMAC: I. Ecotoxicological effects. Chemosphere, 24(5): 599-609.

  • Rohlwing, T., H.W. Palm and H. Rosenthal. 1998. Parasitation with Pseudoterranova decipiens (Nematoda) influences the survival rate of the European smelt Osmerus eperlanus retained by a screen wall of a nuclear power plant. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 32(3): 233-236.

  • Rohwer, S. 1978. Parent cannibalism of offspring and egg raiding as a courtship strategy. American Naturalist, 112(984): 429-440.

  • Rombough, P.J., S.E. Barbour and J.J. Kerekes. 1981. Freshwater Fishes From Northern Newfoundland. Canadian field naturalist, 95(3): 359-361.

  • Romuk, W.D. 1989. Myxobilatus gasterostei (Parisi, 1912) the myxosporidia species new for Poland. Acta Ichthyologica Et Piscatoria, 19(2): 37-40.

  • Rooker, J.R., G.J. Holt and S.A. Holt. 1998. Vulnerability of newly settled red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) to predatory fish: is early-life survival enhanced by seagrass meadows? Marine Biology, 131(1): 145-151.

  • Rooney, C.H.T. and A. Ferguson. 1985. Lactate dehydrogenase isozymes and allozymes of the nine-spined stickleback Pungitius pungitius (L.) (Osteichthyes: Gasterosteidae), Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 81(3): 711-715.

  • Rosemarin, A.M.N.M.S.S.J. and L. Landner. 1990. Fate and effects of pulp mill chlorophenolic 4,5,6 trichloroguaiacol in a model brackish water ecosystem. Science of the Total Environment, 92: 69-90.

  • Rosenthal, G.G. and C.S. Evans. 1998. Female preference for swords in Xiphophorus helleri reflects a bias for large apparent size. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 95(8): 4431-4436.

  • Rosenthal, G.G. 1999. Using video playback to study sexual communication. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 56(3): 307-316.

  • Rouse, E.F., C.J. Coppenger and P.R. Barnes. 1977. The effect of an androgen inhibitor on behavior and testicular morphology in the stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus. Horm. Behav., 9(1): 8-18.

  • Rowland, W.J. 1979. Stealing fertilizations in the fourspine stickleback, Apeltes quadracus. American Naturalist, 114(4): 602-604.

  • Rowland, W.J. 1982. Mate choice by male sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Animal Behavior, 30(4): 1093-1098.

  • Rowland, W.J. 1983. Interspecific aggression and dominance in Gasterosteus. Environmental biology of fishes, 8(3-4): 269-277.

  • Rowland, W.J. and P. Sevenster. 1985. Sign stimuli in the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus ): A re-examination and extension of some classic experiments. Behaviour, 93(1-4): 241-257.

  • Rowland, W.J. 1988. Aggression versus courtship in threespine sticklebacks and the role of habituation to neighbours. Animal Behavior, 36(2): 348-357.

  • Rowland, W.J. 1989. The ethological basis of mate choice in male threespine sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Animal Behavior, 38(1): 112-120.

  • Rowland, W.J. 1989. The effects of body size, aggregation and nuptial coloration on competition for territories in male threespine sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Animal Behavior, 37(2): 282-289.

  • Rowland, W.J. 1993. Mate choice and motivation: Stickleback response to videotaped courtship. 30th Annual Meeting of the Animal Behavior Society, Davis CA (USA).

  • Rowland, W.J. 1994. Proximate determinants of stickleback behaviour: an evolutionary perspective. In M. A. Bell and S. A. Foster. Ed.^Eds. Evolutionary biology of the threespine stickleback. Oxford University Press, Oxford. : 297-344.

  • Rowland, W.J. 1995. Do female stickleback care about male courtship vigour? Manipulation of display tempo using video playback. Behaviour, 132(13-14): 951-961.

  • Rowland, W.J. 1999. Studying visual cues in fish behavior: a review of ethological techniques. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 56(3): 285-305.

  • Rowland, W.J. 2000. Habituation and development of response specificity to a sign stimulus: male preference for female courtship posture in stickleback. Animal Behaviour, 60(1): 63-68.

  • Rowland, W.J. 2004. Sexual Arousal Increases Mate Selectivity in the Stickleback. Behaviour, 141(11/12): 1371-1388.

  • Rowland, W.J., C.L. Baube and T.T. Horan. 1991. Signalling of sexual receptivity by pigmentation pattern in female sticklebacks. Animal Behavior, 42(2): 243-249.

  • Rowland, W.J., K.J. Bolyard, J.J. Jenkins and J. Fowler. 1995. Video playback experiments on stickleback mate choice: Female motivation and attentiveness to male colour cues. Animal Behavior, 49(6): 1559-1567.

  • Rowland, W.J., K.J. Bolyard and A.D. Halpern. 1995. The dual effect of stickleback nuptial coloration on rivals: manipulation of a graded signal using video playback. Animal Behavior, 50(1): 267-272.

  • Rowland, W.J., N. Grindle, R.D. Maclaren, and R. Granquist. 2002. Male preference for a subtle posture cue that signals spawning readiness in female sticklebacks. Animal Behaviour, 63(4): 743-748.

  • Rudel, D. and Ralf J. Sommer. 2003. The evolution of developmental mechanisms. Developmental Biology, 264(1): 15-37.

  • Rudzianskiene, G. and A. Rusakevicius Eds. 1994. The contemporary role of predatory fish in the Kursiu Marios Lagoon. Fishery and Aquaculture In Lithuania. BALTIC ECO, VILNIUS (LITHUANIA), .

  • Ruggerone, G.T. 1992. Threespine stickleback aggregations create a potential predation refuge for sockeye salmon fry. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 70(5): 1052-1056.

  • Ruggles, A.K. 1994. Habitat selection by loons in southcentral Alaska. Hydrobiologia, 279-280: 421-430.

  • Ruiter, A. and C.G. Mein. 1982. Testosterone-dependent transformation of nephronic tubule cells into serous and mucous gland cells in stickleback kidneys in vivo and in vitro. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 47(1): 70-83.

  • Ruiter, A., M. Veenhuis and S.E.W. Bonga. 1988. Peroxisomes in intestinal and gallbladder epithelial cells of the stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. (Teleostei). Cell and Tissue Research, 251(3): 685-689.

  • Ruiz, G.M., A.H. Hines and M.H. Posey. 1993. Shallow water as a refuge habitat for fish and crustaceans in non-vegetated estuaries: An example from Chesapeake Bay. Marine ecology progress series, 99(1-2): 1-16.

  • Ruiz, C.G. 1995. Current status of the partially armored threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus microcephalus Girard 1854 (Pisces: Gasterosteidae) in Baja California, Mexico. 27th Annual Symposium of the Desert Fishes Council, Reno NV (USA).

  • Rundle, H.D. and D. Schluter. 1998. Reinforcement of stickleback mate preferences: Sympatry breeds contempt. Evolution , 52(1): 200-208.

  • Rundle HD, Vamosi S.M. & Schluter D. 2003. Experimental test of predation's effect on divergent selection during character displacement in sticklebacks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 100: 14943-14948.

  • Russell, W.M.S. and C. Russell. 1985. Sticklebacks and ethology. Behaviour, 93(1-4): 184-193.

  • Rutherford, J.E. and R.J. Mellow. 1994. The Effects of an Abandoned Roast Yard on the Fish and Macroinvertebrate Communities of Surrounding Beaver Ponds. Hydrobiologia , 294(3): 219-228.

  • Ruzzante, D.E., S.J. Walde, V.E. Cussac, P.J. Macchi and M.F. Alonso. 1998. Trophic polymorphism, habitat and diet segregation in Percichthys trucha (Pisces: Percichthyidae) in the Andes. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 65(2): 191-214.

  • Ryabov, I.N. 1985. The behaviour of Gasterosteus aculeatus L. in the zone of action of warm waste waters. Behaviour, 93(1-4): 56.

  • Ryan, P.M. 1984. Age, growth, and food of threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) in three lakes of central Newfoundland, Canada. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci.,(1325): 20.

  • Ryland, J.S. 1995. Fish. In P. J. Hayward and J. S. Ryland. Ed.^Eds. Handbook of the marine fauna of north west Europe. Oxford University Press, Oxford. : 712-757. top

    S

  • Saborowski, R. and F. Buchholz. 1998. Internal current generation in respiration chambers. Helgolander Meeresuntersuchungen, 52(2): 103-109.

  • Saiki, M.K., D.T. Castleberry, T.W. May, B.A. Martin and F.N. Bullard. 1995. Copper, cadmium, and zinc concentrations in aquatic food chains from the Upper Sacramento River (California) and selected tributaries. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 29(4): 484-491.

  • Sakai, H., C. Yamamoto and A. Iwata. 1998. Genetic divergence, variation and zoogeography of a freshwater goby, Odontobutis obscura. Ichthyological Research, 45(4): 363-376.

  • Salfert, I.G. and G.E.E. Moodie. 1985. Filial egg-cannibalism in the brook stickleback, Culaea inconstans (Kirtland). Behaviour, 93(1-4): 82-100.

  • Salvanes, A.G.V. and P.J.B. Hart. 1998. Individual variability in state-dependent feeding behaviour in three-spined sticklebacks. Animal Behavior, 55(5): 1349-1359.

  • Sanchez, W., O. Palluel, et al. 2005. Copper-induced oxidative stress in three-spined stickleback: relationship with hepatic metal levels. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 19(1): 177-183.

  • Sandlund, O.T., P.M. Jonasson, B. Jonsson, H.J. Malmquist, S. Skulason and S.S. Snorrason. 1992. Threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus in Thingvallavatn: Habitat and food in a lake dominated by arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus. Oikos, 64(1-2): 365-370.

  • Sandlund, O.T., P.M. Jonasson, B. Jonsson, H.J. Malmqvist, S. Skulason and S.S. Snorrason. 1992. Threespined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus habitat and food in a lake dominated by Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus. Oikos, 64(1-2): 365-370.

  • Sanger, A.M. 1997. The so-called tonic muscle fibre type in cyprinid axial muscle: Their morphology and response to endurance exercise training. Journal of Fish Biology, 50(3): 487-497.

  • Sapota, M.R. and K.E. Skora. 1996. Fish abundance in shallow inshore waters of the Gulf of Gdansk. Proceedings of Polish Swedish Symposium on Baltic Coastal Fisheries. Resources and Management.

  • Sarda, R., K. Foreman, C.E. Werme and I. Valiela. 1998. The impact of epifaunal predation on the structure of macroinfaunal invertebrate communities of tidal saltmarsh creeks. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 46(5): 657-669.

  • Sargent, R.C. and J.B. Gebler. 1980. Effects of nest site concealment on hatching success, reproductive success, and paternal behavior of the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol., 7(2): 137-142.

  • Sargent, R.C. 1982. Territory Quality, Male Quality, Courtship Intrusions, and Female Nest-Choice in the Threespine Stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Animal Behavior, 30(2): 364-374.

  • Sargent, R.C., M.A. Bell, W.H. Krueger and J.V. Baumgartner. 1984. A lateral plate cline, sexual dimorphism, and phenotypic variation in the black-spotted stickleback, Gasterosteus wheatlandi. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 62(3): 368-376.

  • Sargent, R.C. 1985. Territoriality and reproductive tradeoffs in the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Behaviour, 93(1-4): 217-225.

  • Sargent, R.C., M.R. Gross and E.P. van den Berghe. 1986. Male mate choice in fishes. Animal Behavior, 34(2): 545-550.

  • Sargent, R.C.M.R.G. and E.P.v.d. Berghe. 1988. Male mate choice in fishes: A reply to foote. Animal Behavior, 36(4): 1230-1233.

  • Sargent, R.C., V.N. Rush, B.D. Wisenden and H.Y. Yan. 1998. Courtship and mate choice in fishes: Integrating behavioral and sensory ecology. American Zoologist, 38(1): 82-96.

  • Sasakawa, Y. 1989. The interspecific dominance hierarchy for foraging in relation to hooked order for freshwater animals within mutual visual field under experimental condition. Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish., 55(12): 2085-2090.

  • Sato, A., F. Figueroa, C. O'HUigin, N. Steck and J. Klein. 1998. Cloning of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes from threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology, 7(3): 221-231.

  • Schaarschmidt, T. and K. Jürss. 2003. Locomotory capacity of Baltic Sea and freshwater populations of the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology,135(3): 411-424.

  • Scheffel, H.J. 1992. Dreistachlige Stichlinge in der Unterweser. Datz, 45(5): 290-291.

  • Scheffel, H.J. & Kraft, D. 2004. Zum Wachstum junger Neunsatchliger Stichlinge (Pungitius pungitius L.) im Einzugsgebiet der Weser von Niedersachsen und Bremen (Growth of young ten-spined sticklebacks (Pungitius pungitius L.) in the drainage of the River Weser at Lower Saxony and Bremen (Germany).- Braunschweiger Naturkundliche Schriften 7 (1): 217-224.

  • Scheffel, H.J. 2005. Zum Wachstum junger Dreistachliger Stichlinge (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) im Einzugsgebiet der unteren Weser (Growth of young three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) in the drainage of the lower River Weser).- Abhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins Bremen 45 (3): 689-696.

  • Schjrring, S. and A. Lüscher. 2003. Schistocephalus solidus: a molecular test of premature gamete exchange for fertilization in the intermediate host Gasterosteus aculeatus. Experimental Parasitology, 103(3-4): 174-176.

  • Schlinger, B.A., C. Creco and A.H. Bass. 1999. Aromatase activity in the hindbrain vocal control region of a teleost fish: divergence among males with alternative reproductive tactics. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences, 266(1415): 131-136.

  • Schluter, D. and J.D. McPhail. 1992. Ecological character displacement and speciation in sticklebacks. American Naturalist, 140(1): 85-108.

  • Schluter, D. 1993. Adaptive radiation in sticklebacks: size, shape, and habitat use efficiency. Ecology, 74(3): 699-709.

  • Schluter, D. 1994. Experimental evidence that competition promotes divergence in adaptive radiation. Science, 266(5186): 798-801.

  • Schluter, D. and L.M. Nagel. 1995. Parallel speciation by natural selection. American Naturalist, 146(2): 292-301.

  • Schluter, D. 1995. Adaptive radiation in sticklebacks: trade-offs in feeding performance and growth. Ecology, 76(1): 82-90.

  • Schluter, D. 1995. Criteria for testing character displacement. Science, 268(5213): 1066-1067.

  • Schluter, D. 1996. Ecological causes of adaptive radiation. American Naturalist, 148(Suppl. S): S40-S64.

  • Schluter, D. 1996. Adaptive radiation along genetic lines of least resistance. Evolution , 50(5): 1766-1774.

  • Schluter, D. 1996. Ecological speciation in postglacial fishes. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences, 351(1341): 807-814.

  • Schluter, D., J.W. Boughman and H.D. Rundle. 2001. Parallel speciation with allopatry. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 16(6): 283-284.

  • Schmahl, G. and H. Mehlhorn. 1989. Treatment of fish parasites. 6. Effects of sym. triazinone (toltrazuril) on developmental stages of Glugea anomale , Moniez, 1887 (Microsporidia): A light and electron microscopic study. European Journal of Protistology, 24(3): 252-259.

  • Schmahl, G., A. el Toukhy and F.A. Ghaffar. 1990. Transmission electron microscopic studies on the effects of toltrazuril on Glugea anomala, Moniez, 1887 (Microsporidia) infecting the three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus. Parasitology Research, 76(8): 700-706.

  • Schmahl, G. and J. Senaud. 1996. Effects of an asymmetric triazine derivative, HOE 092 V, on Glugea anomala, Moniez, 1887 (Microsporidia) parasitic in the three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus. Parasitology Research, 82(3): 225-229.

  • Schmahl, G. and J. Benini. 1998. Treatment of fish parasites .11. Effects of different benzimidazole derivatives (albendazole, mebendazole, fenbendazole) on Glugea anomala, Moniez, 1887 (Microsporidia): ultrastructural aspects and efficacy studies. Parasitology Research, 84(1): 41-49.

  • Schreier, H., T.G. Northcote and K. Hall. 1987. Trace metals in fish exposed to asbestos rich sediments. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 35(3-4): 279-291.

  • Schriver, P., J. Bogestrand, E. Jeppesen and M. Sondergaard. 1995. Impact of submerged macrophytes on fish-zooplankton-phytoplankton interactions: Large-scale enclosure experiments in a shallow eutrophic lake. Freshwater Biology, 33(2): 255-270.

  • Schtylko, B. 1934. A neogene fauna of freshwater fishes from western Siberia. Trans. United Geol. Prospects. Serv. USSR, 359: 1-94.

  • Schulz, R.W., K. Lubberink, M.A. Zandbergen, C. JanssenDommerholt, J. Peute and H.J.T. Goos. 1996. Testicular responsiveness to gonadotropic hormone in vitro and Leydig and Sertoli cell ultrastructure during pubertal development of male African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 15(3): 243-254.

  • Schutz, E. 1980. [The effect of subsoil and nest material on the nest building behaviour of the three spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus )]. Behaviour, 72(3-4): 242-317.

  • Scott R.J. 2001. Sensory drive and nuptial colour loss in the three-spined stickleback. Journal of Fish Biology, 59(6): 1520-1528.

  • Scott, R.J. and S.A. Foster. 1995. Is a "textbook example" of natural selection in the wild wrong? I doubt it, although our explanation might be!!! Competition, predation and the evolution of a black stickleback. Canadian Conference for Fisheries Research, Ottawa Ontario (Canada).

  • Scott, R.J., M.S. Ridgway and D.L.G. Noakes. 1997. The nest range of smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu): parental care after swim-up. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 75(12): 2058-2062.

  • Scrimgeour, G.J., D. Wicklum and S.D. Pruss. 1998. Selection of an aquatic indicator species to monitor organic contaminants in trophically simple lotic food webs. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 35(4): 565-572.

  • Seed, R. 1984. The occurrence of Schistocephalus solidus (Muller) (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) in a population of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L., from a disused reservoir in North Wales. Nature in Wales, 3(1-2): 58-62.

  • Segaar, J., J.P.C. De Bruin, A.P. Van der Meche and M.E. Van der Meche Jacobi. 1983. Influence of chemical receptivity on reproductive behaviour of the male three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.). An ethological analysis of cranial nerve functions regarding nest fanning activity and the zigzag dance. Behaviour, 86(1-2): 100-163.

  • Segaar, J. and J.P.C. de Bruin. 1985. Behavioural consequences of chemoreception during reproductive cycles of the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.). Behaviour, 93(1-4): 139-149.

  • Seiichi, M. 1998. Dyadic relationships in nesting males of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 52(1-3): 243-250.

  • Sevenster, P. and M.E. van Roosmalen. 1985. Cognition in sticklebacks: Some experiments on operant conditioning. Behaviour, 93(1-4): 170-183.

  • Sevenster, P., E. FeuthDeBruijn and J.J. Huisman. 1995. Temporal structure in stickleback behaviour. Behaviour, 132(15-16): 1267-1284.

  • Shacklock, P.F. and G.B. Croft. 1981. Effect of grazers on Chondrus crispus in culture. Aquaculture, 22(4): 331-342.

  • Shadrin, A.M. 1994. Embryonic and larval development of the ninespine stickleback Pungitius pungitius. Voprosy ikhtiologii, 34(1): 88-97.

  • Shadrin, A.M. 1996. Early development of the ninespine stickleback Pungitius pungitius at different temperatures. Voprosy ikhtiologii, 36(2): 268-272.

  • Shaw, R.W., D.M.L. Hervio, R.H. Devlin and M.L. Adamson. 1997. Infection of Aulorhynchus flavidus (Gill) (Osteichthyes: Gasterosteiformes) by Kudoa thyrsites (Gilchrist) (Myxosporea: Multivalvulida). Journal of Parasitology, 83(5): 810-814.

  • Shaw, D.J., B.T. Grenfell and A.P. Dobson. 1998. Patterns of macroparasite aggregation in wildlife host populations. Parasitology, 117(6): 597-610.

  • Shchashchaev, Y.A. and M.L. Pidgaiko. 1992. [The role of feeding relations with mutually inhibiting influence between populations of the Baltic herring, smelt and three-spined stickleback of the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland.]. Gosudarstvennyii Nauchno Issledovatel'Skii Institut Ozernogo I Rechnogo Rybnogo Khozyaistva Sbornik Nauchnykh Trudov, 322: 132-146.

  • Shinn, A.P., D.I. Gibson and C. Sommerville. 1993. An SEM study of the haptoral sclerites of the genus Gyrodactylus Nordmann, 1832 (Monogenea) following extraction by digestion and sonication techniques. Systematic Parasitology, 25(2): 135-144.

  • Shinn, A.P., D.I. Gibson and C. Sommerville. 1997. Argentophilic structures as a diagnostic criterion for the discrimination of species of the genus Gyrodactylus von Nordmann (Monogenea). Systematic Parasitology, 37(1): 47-57.

  • Shoup, D.E. and L.G. Hill. 1997. Ecomorphological diet predictions: an assessment using inland silverside (Menidia beryllina) and longear sunfish (Lepomis megalotis) from Lake Texoma. Hydrobiologia, 350: 87-98.

  • Sibley, T.H. and P. Chigbu. 1994. Feeding behavior of longfin smelt (Spirinchus thaleichthys) may affect water quality and salmon production in Lake Washington. Lake Reservoir Management, 9(1): 145-148.

  • Siddall, R., M. Koskivaara and E.T. Valtonen. 1997. Dactylogyrus (Monogenea) infections on the gills of roach (Rutilus rutilus L) experimentally exposed to pulp and paper mill effluent. Parasitology, 114(5): 439-446.

  • Sih, A. 1994. Predation risk and the evolutionary ecology of reproductive behaviour. Journal of Fish Biology, 45(Suppl. A): 111-130.

  • Sjoeberg, K. 1985. Foraging activity patterns in the goosander (Mergus merganser ) and the red-breasted merganser (M. serrator ) in relation to patterns of activity in their major prey species. Oecologia, 67(1): 35-39.

  • Sjoeberg, K. 1989. Time-related predator/prey interactions between birds and fish in a northern Swedish river. Oecologia, 80(1): 1-10.

  • Slijkhuis, H. 1978. Ultrastructural evidence for two types of gonadotropic cells in the pituitary gland of the male three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 36(4): 639-641.

  • Sokolowska, E., H. Kalamarz, and E. Kulczykowska. 2004. Seasonal changes in brain melatonin concentration in the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus): towards an endocrine calendar. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 139(3): 365-369.

  • Slijkhuis, H. 1978. Ultrastructural evidence for two types of gonadotropic cells in the pituitary gland of the male three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 36(4): 639-641.

  • Slijkhuis, H., A.J.H. de Ruiter, B. Baggerman and S.E.W. Bonga. 1984. Parental fanning behavior and prolactin cell activity in the male three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus L. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 54(2): 297-307.

  • Smith, G.R. 1981. Late Cenozoic freshwater fishes of North America. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 12: 163-193.

  • Smith, L.R., T.M. Holsen, N.C. Ibay, R.M. Block and A.B. de Leon. 1985. Studies on the acute toxicity of fluoride ion to stickleback, fathead minnow, and rainbow trout. Chemosphere, 14(9): 1383-1389.

  • Smith, R.S. and D.L. Kramer. 1987. Effects of a cestode (Schistocephalus sp.) on the response of ninespine sticklebacks (Pungitius pungitius) to aquatic hypoxia. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65(7): 1862-1865.

  • Smith, R.S. and F.G. Whoriskey, Jr. 1988. Multiple clutches: Female threespine sticklebacks lose the ability to recognize their own eggs. Animal Behavior, 36(6): 1838-1839.

  • Smith, T.W. 1989. Feeding interactions of sticklebacks and rainbow trout of Hasse lake, Alberta. Department of Zoology. University of Alberta. Edmonton.

  • Smith, C. and P. Reay. 1991. Cannibalism in teleost fish. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 1(1): 41-64.

  • Smith, R.J.F., A. Mathis, D.P. Chivers and C. Gelowitz. 1994. Alarm signals: a key element in fish predator-prey interactions. Journal of Fish Biology, 45.

  • Smith, C. 1994. The costs of parental care in teleost fishes. Wales, Aberystwyth.

  • Smith, C. and R.J. Wootton. 1995. The effect of brood cannibalism on the operational sex ratio in parental teleost fishes. Reviews In Fish Biology and Fisheries, 5(3): 372-376.

  • Smith, C. and R.J. Wootton. 1995. The costs of parental care in teleost fishes. Reviews In Fish Biology and Fisheries, 5(1): 7-22.

  • Smith, C. and R.J. Wootton. 1995. Experimental analysis of some factors affecting parental expenditure and investment in Gasterosteus aculeatus (Gasterosteidae). Environmental Biology of Fishes, 43(1): 63-76.

  • Smith, C. and R.J. Wootton. 1999. Parental energy expenditure of the male three-spined stickleback. Journal of Fish Biology, 54(5): 1132-1136.

  • Smith, C., Barber, I., Wootton R.J., et al. 2004. A receiver bias in the origin of three-spined stickleback ýmate choice. Proceedings of The Royal Society B-Biological Sciences, 271 (1542): 949-955.ý

  • Smith, R.J.F. 1997. Does one result trump all others? A response to Magurran, Irving and Henderson. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences, 264(1380): 445-450.

  • Smith, S., M.H. Chen, R.G. Bailey and W.P. Williams. 1996. Concentration and distribution of copper and cadmium in water, sediments, detritus, plants and animals in a hardwater lowland river. Hydrobiologia, 341(1): 71-80.

  • Smith, T.B. and S. Skulason. 1996. Evolutionary significance of resource polymorphisms in fishes, amphibians, and birds. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 27: 111-133.

  • Smith-Vaniz, W.F. and J.E. Randall. 1994. Case 2898. Scomber dentex Bloch and Schneider, 1801 (currently Caranx or Pseudocaranx dentex) and Caranx lugubris Poey, (1860) (Osteichthyes, Perciformes): proposed conservation of the specific names. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 51(4): 323-329.

  • Snorrason, S.S., O.T. Sandlund and B. Jonsson. 1992. Production of fish stocks in Thingvallavatn, Iceland. Oikos, 64(1-2): 371-380.

  • Snyder, R.J. 1984. Seasonal variation in the diet of the three-spine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, in Contra Costa County, California. California Fish and Game, 70(3): 167-172.

  • Snyder, R.J. and H. Dingle. 1989. Adaptive, genetically based differences in life history between estuary and freshwater threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 67(10): 2448-2454.

  • Snyder, R.J. 1989. Migration and the evolution of life histories of the three-spine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.). California University. Davis (USA): 102.

  • Snyder, R.J. and H. Dingle. 1990. Effects of freshwater and marine overwintering environments on life histories of threespine sticklebacks: Evidence for adaptive variation between anadromous and resident freshwater populations. Oecologia, 84(3): 386-390.

  • Snyder, R.J. 1990. Clutch size of anadromous and freshwater threespine sticklebacks: A reassessment. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 68(9): 2027-2030.

  • Snyder, R.J. 1991. Migration and life histories of the threespine stickleback: Evidence for adaptive variation in growth rate between populations. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 31(4): 381-388.

  • Snyder, R.J. 1991. Quantitative genetic analysis of life histories in two freshwater populations of the threespine stickleback. Copeia, 1991(2): 526-529.

  • Soederstroem, O. and A.N. Nilsson. 1987. Do nymphs of Parameletus chelifer and P. Minor (Ephemeroptera) reduce mortality from predation by occupying temporary habitats? Oecologia, 74(1): 39-46. Oecologia, 74(1): Oecologia.

  • Sogard, S.M. and B.L. Olla. 1997. The influence of hunger and predation risk on group cohesion in a pelagic fish, walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 50(4): 405-413.

  • Soin, S.G., O.P. Danil'chenko and A.S. Khandal. 1984. Combined effect of salinity and triethyl stannic chloride on the development of the marine forms of three-spine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus (Gasterosteidae). Journal of Ichthyology, 24(4): 26-34.

  • Sokolowska, E., H. Kalamarz, and E. Kulczykowska. 2004. Seasonal changes in brain melatonin concentration in the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus): towards an endocrine calendar. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 139(3): 365-369.

  • Solanki, T.G. and M. Benjamin. 1982. Changes in the mucous cells of the gills, buccal cavity and epidermis of the nine-spined stickleback, Pungitius pungitius L., induced by transferring the fish to sea water. Journal of Fish Biology, 21(5): 563-576.

  • Soleng, A. and T.A. Bakke. 1998. The susceptibility of three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), nine-spined stickleback (Pungitius pungitius) and flounder (Platichthys flesus) to experimental infections with the monogenean Gyrodactylus salaris. Folia Parasitologica, 45(4): 270-274.

  • Spaeth, H. and W. Beisenherz. 1984. [Fish fauna of the upper Hunte River]. Naturschutz Landschaftspflege Nordwestdtschl, 4: 11-24.

  • Spencer, C.N. and D.L. King. 1984. Role of fish in regulation of plant and animal communities in eutrophic ponds. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 41(12): 1851-1855.

  • Spiess, H.J., K.H. Jaehrling and U. Raschewski. 1994. [Cyclostomata and fishes of the river Elbe in Sachsen-Anhalt. Distribution, threatening and conservation.]. Minis. Umwelt Naturschutz Und Raumordnung, Magdeburg, 65.

  • Srivastav, A.K., P.R. Tiwari, S.K. Srivastav, Y. Sasayama and N. Suzuki. 1998. Serum calcium and phosphate levels of calcitonin treated freshwater mud eel, Amphipnous cuchia kept in different calcium environments. Netherlands Journal of Zoology, 48(2): 189-198.

  • Sroivattana, R. 1972. Comparative cranial osteology of the sticklebacks. Department of Zoology. University of Alberta. Edmonton: 68.

  • Stabell, O.B. 1994. Kin recognition by olfaction in fish. Fauna Norvegica, Series A, 47(1): 37-41.

  • Stahlberg, S. and P. Peckmann. 1987. The critical swimming speed of small teleost fish species in a flume. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, 110(2): 179-193.

  • Stanley, B.V. 1983. Effect of food supply on reproductive behaviour of male Gasterosteus aculeatus. Wales, Aberystwyth.

  • Stanley, B.V. and R.J. Wootton. 1986. Effects of ration and male density on the territoriality and nest-building of male three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.). Animal Behavior, 34(2): 527-535.

  • Stärner, H., C. Pahlsson, M. Lindén. 2004. Tandem Repeat Polymorphism and Heteroplasmy in the Mitochondrial DNA Control Region of Threespine Stickleback (Gasterosteus Aculeatus). Behaviour, 141(11/12): 1357-1370.

  • Stedman, R.M. and C.A. Bowen, II. 1985. Introduction and spread of the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus ) in lakes Huron and Michigan. Journal of Great Lakes Research, 11(4): 508-511.

  • Steinhagen, D., B. Stemmer Bretthauer and W. Korting. 1993. Goussia aculeati from sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) contains virus-like particles. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, 13(3): 104-105.

  • Steinhagen, D., B. Stemmer and W. Korting. 1994. Goussia aculeati from the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus): Field observations and ultrastructural features. Applied Parasitology, 35(2): 99-106.

  • Steinhagen, D., M. Biffar and W. Korting. 1999. A dinoflagellate parasite from tropical fish. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, 19(1): 24-27.

  • Stephen, D., B. Moss and G. Phillips. 1998. The relative importance of top-down and bottom-up control of phytoplankton in a shallow macrophyte-dominated lake. Freshwater Biology, 39(4): 699-713.

  • Stephens, D.W., J.P. Anderson and K.E. Benson. 1997. On the spurious occurrence of Tit for Tat in pairs of predator-approaching fish. Animal Behavior, 53(1): 113-131.

  • Sterud, E., P.D. Harris and T.A. Bakke. 1998. The influence of Gyrodactylus salaris Malmberg, 1957 (Monogenea) on the epidermis of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L, and brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill): experimental studies. Journal of Fish Disease, 21(4): 257-263.

  • Stockner, J.G., K.S. Shortreed, E.A. MacIssac and B. Nidle. 1993. The limnology of Kitlope Lake: a cold, glacially-turbid, sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) nursery lake. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,(1909): 1-35.

  • Strandberg, L., J. Falandysz, B. Strandberg, A. Bergqvist Per, A. Florek and C. Rappe. 1996. Concentration and spatial distribution of chlordanes in stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from the Gulf of Gdansk. Bromatologia i Chemia Toksykologiczna, 29(3): 271-277.

  • Sturlaugsson, J., V. Johannsson and S.M. Einarsson. 1994. Forage of anadromous Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus L.) in an estuary area in West Iceland. Nordic journal of freshwater research, 69(96).

  • Sturlaugsson, J. 1994. Food of ranched Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) post-smolts in coastal waters, west Iceland. Nordic journal of freshwater research, 69: 43-57.

  • Sturm, A., J. Wogram, P.D. Hansen and M. Liess. 1999. Potential use of cholinesterase in monitoring low levels of organophosphates in small streams: Natural variability in three-spined sticleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) and relation to pollution. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 18(2): 194-200.

  • Sullivan, M.S., D. Burnham, B. StevensWood and B.C. Sheldon. 1995. Sequential assessment and decision-making in humans. Behaviour, 132(7-8): 571-589.

  • Sultana, Q. and R. Wootten. 1994. Myxobilatus gasterostei Davis 1944 (Myxozoa: Myxosporea) in the kidney of three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. International Symposium on Aquatic Animal Health: Program and Abstracts, Univ. of California, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, Ca.

  • Sultana, Q. 1995. Studies on the biology of some parasites of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. with special reference to the Myxosporea. University of Stirling, Institute of Aquaculture, Stirling.

  • Sundell, J. 1994. Dynamics and composition of littoral fish fauna along the coast of. Aqua Fennica, 24(1): 37-49.

  • Sures, B. and H. Taraschewski. 1995. Cadmium concentrations in two adult acanthocephalans, Pomphorhynchus laevis and Acanthocephalus lucii, as compared with their fish hosts and cadmium and lead levels in larvae of A-lucii as compared with their crustacean host. Parasitology Research, 81(6): 494-497.

  • Sures, B., R. Siddall and H. Taraschewski. 1999. Parasites as accumulation indicators of heavy metal pollution. Parasitology Today, 15(1): 16-21.

  • Sutoo, D. 1993. The significance of the nest-building of the nine-spined stickleback, Pungitius pungitius. Kitasato Arch. Exp. Med., 65(Suppl): 127-136.

  • Suzuki, A. and M. Takeda. 1991. A preliminary report on the stickleback species, Pungitius pungitius (Linnaeus) and Pungitius sp. Nakamura (Musashitomiyo) of the family Gasterosteidae. Chromosome Information Service, 50: 37-41.

  • Svasand, T., K.E. Jorstad, H. Ottera and O.S. Kjesbu. 1996. Differences in growth performance between Arcto-Norwegian and Norwegian coastal cod reared under identical conditions. Journal of Fish Biology, 49(1): 108-119.

  • Svecevicius, G. and M.Z. Vosyliene. 1996. Acute toxicity of copper to common freshwater fishes of Lithuania. Ekologiya, 2: 17-21.

  • Swain, D.P. and C.C. Lindsey. 1984. Selective predation for vertebral number of young sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 41(8): 1231-1233.

  • Swain, D.P. 1992. Selective predation for vertebral phenotype in Gasterosteus aculeatus: Reversal in the direction of selection at different larval sizes. Evolution, 46(4): 998-1013.

  • Swain, D.P. 1992. The functional basis of natural selection for vertebral traits of larvae in the stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus. Evolution, 46(4): 987-997.

  • Swales, S., F. Caron, J.R. Irvine and C.D. Levings. 1988. Overwintering habitats of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch ) and other juvenile salmonids in the Keogh River system, British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 66(1): 254-261.

  • Swan, D.P. 1992. The functional basis of natural selection for vertebral traits of larvae in the stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus. Evolution, 46(4): 987-997.

  • Swanson, S.M. and U.T. Hammer. 1983. Production of Cricotopus ornatus (Meigen) (Diptera: Chironomidae) in Waldsea Lake, Saskatchewan. In Hammer, U.T. ed. 2. International Symp. on Athalassic (Inland) Saline Lakes, Saskatchewan (Canada), Jun. 1982. Hydrobiologia, 105: 155-164.

  • Synder, R.J. 1991. Migration and life histories of the threespine stickleback: Evidence for adaptive variation in growth rate between populations. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 31(4): 381-388.

  • Sysoev, A.V., V. Hanzelova, V.Y. Yakushev and V.I. Freze. 1992. Some peculiarities of the process of infection transmission in cestodes of the genus Proteocephalus. Helminthologia, 29(1): 19-23.

  • Syvokiene, J., L. Mickeniene, E. Mileriene, R. Repecka and G. Vaitonis. 1996. Microflora of hydrobionts digestive tract in Kaunas water storage reservoir. Ekologiya, 1: 29-34.

  • Szedlmayer, S.T. and K.W. Able. 1996. Patterns of seasonal availability and habitat use by fishes and decapod crustaceans in a southern New Jersey estuary. Estuaries, 19(3): 697-709. top

    T

  • Taastrom, H.M. and L. Jacobsen. 1999. The diet of otters (Lutra lutra L.) in Danish freshwater habitats: comparisons of prey fish populations. Journal of Zoology, 248(1): 1-13.

  • Takahashi, H., and A. Goto. 2001. Evolution of East Asian Ninespine Sticklebacks as Shown by Mitochondrial DNA Control Region Sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 21(1): 135-155.

  • Takamura, N., H. Mikami, H. Mizutani and K. Nagasaki. 1999. Did a drastic change in fish species from kokanee to pond smelt decrease the secchi disc transparency in the oligotrophic Lake Towada, Japan Archiv Fur Hydrobiologie, 144(3): 283-304.

  • Takata, K., A. Goto and K. Hamada. 1984. Geographic distribution and variation of three species of ninespine sticklebacks (Pungitus tymensis, P. pungitius, and P. sinensis) in Hokkaido. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology, 31(3): 312-325.

  • Takata, K., A. Goto and K. Hamada. 1985. Pelvic spine deficiency of Pungitius tymensis in Hokkaido. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology, 32(1): 100-103.

  • Takata, K., Goto, A. 1987. Genetic differences of Pungitius pungitius and P. sinensis in a small pond of the Omono river system. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology, 34(3): 384-386.

  • Takata, K., A. Goto and F. Yamazaki. 1987. Biochemical identification of a brackish water type of Pungitius pungitius, and its morphological and ecological features in Hokkaido, Japan. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology, 34(2): 176-183.

  • Takata, K. 1994. Ontogeny and phylogeny in ninespine sticklebacks. Journal of Growth, 33(2): 77-82.

  • Tanaka, S. and M. Hoshino. 1979. Growth and maturity of ninespine stickleback, Pungitius sinensis Guichenot, in the Kamokawa, a streamlet in Toyama perfecture. Bulletin of the Tomaya Science Museum,(1): 19-29.

  • Tanaka, S. 1982. Variations in ninespine sticklebacks, Pungitius pungitius and P. sinensis , in Honshu, Japan. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology, 29(2): 203-212.

  • Tanaka, S. and S. Nagai. 1993. Distribution of ninespine stickleback, Pungitius pungitius sinensis (Guichenot), in the Kurobe River Fan, Japan. Memoirs of the Faculty of Education Toyama University Series B Natural Sciences, 43: 5-12.

  • Taniguchi, N., Y. Honma and K. Kawamata. 1990. Genetic differentiation of freshwater and anadromous threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from northern Japan. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology, 37(3): 230-238.

  • Taraschewski, H. 1989. Host-parasite interface of Paratenuisentis ambiguus (Eoacanthocephala) in naturally infected eel and in laboratory-infected sticklebacks and juvenile carp and rainbow trout. Journal of Parasitology, 75(6): 911-919.

  • Taraschewski, H. 1989. Acanthocephalus anguillae in intra- and extraintestinal positions in experimentally infected juveniles of goldfish and carp and in sticklebacks. Journal of Parasitology, 75(1): 108-118.

  • Taylor, E.B. and J.D. McPhail. 1986. Prolonged and burst swimming in anadromous and freshwater threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 64(2): 416-420.

  • Taylor, E.B., S. Harvey, S. Pollard and J. Volpe. 1997. Postglacial genetic differentiation of reproductive ecotypes of kokanee Oncorhynchus nerka in Okanagan Lake, British Columbia. Molecular Ecology, 6(6): 503-517.

  • Taylor, E.B., J.D. McPhail and D. Schluter. 1997. History of ecological selection in sticklebacks: uniting experimental and phylogenetic approaches. In T. J. Givnish and K. J. Sytsma. Ed.^Eds. Molecular evolution and adaptive radiation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. : 511-534.

  • Taylor, E.B. 1997. Speciation scenarios in threespine sticklebacks: Insights from microsatellites. 77th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, Seattle WA (USA).

  • Taylor, E.B. 1998. Microsatellites isolated from the threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus. Molecular Ecology, 7(7): 930-931.

  • Taylor, E.B. and J.D. McPhail. 1999. Evolutionary history of an adaptive radiation in species pairs of threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus): insights from mitochondrial DNA. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 66(3): 271-291.

  • Tegeder, R.W. and J. Krause. 1995. Density dependence and numerosity in fright stimulated aggregation behaviour of shoaling fish. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences, 350(1334): 381-390.

  • Temple, G.K. and I.A. Johnston. 1997. The thermal dependence of fast-start performance in fish. Journal of Thermal Biology, 22(6): 391-401.

  • Thibault, M., P.U. Blier and H. Guderley. 1997. Seasonal variation of muscle metabolic organization in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 16(2): 139-155.

  • Thiel, R., A. Sepulveda, R. Kafemann and W. Nellen. 1995. Environmental factors as forces structuring the fish community of the Elbe Estuary. Journal of Fish Biology, 46(1): 47-69.

  • Thiel, R., T. Mehner, B. Koepcke and R. Kafemann. 1996. Diet niche relationships among early life stages of fish in German estuaries. Marine and Freshwater Research, 47(2): 123-136.

  • Thomas, G., A. Kacelnik and J. van der Meulen. 1985. The three-spined stickleback and the two-armed bandit. Behaviour, 93(1-4): 227-240.

  • Thomas, K. and F. Ollevier. 1992. Paratenic hosts of the swimbladder nematode Anguillicola crassus. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 13(3): 165-174.

  • Thomas, F., F. Cezilly and F. Renaud. 1997. Parasitism and community organization of hosts: a review. Revue D Ecologie La Terre Et La Vie Sep, 52(3): 193-204.

  • Thomas, F., E. Oget, P. Gente, D. Desmots and F. Renaud. 1999. Assortative pairing with respect to parasite load in the beetle Timarcha maritima (Chrysomelidae). Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 12(2): 385-390.

  • Thompson, A.B. and L. Margolis. 1987. Descriptions of Neolebouria tinkerbellae n.sp. (Trematoda: Digenea: Opecoelidae) from experimental fish hosts, and of metacercariae of N. tinkerbellae and an unidentified digenean from Pandalus jordani (Decapoda: Penaeidae) from the Pacific coast of Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65(1).

  • Thompson, C.E., E.B. Taylor and J.D. McPhail. 1997. Parallel evolution of lake-stream pairs of threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus) inferred from mitochondrial dna variation. Evolution , 51(6): 1955-1965.

  • Thorman, S. 1982. Niche dynamics and resource partitioning in a fish guild inhabiting a shallow estuary on the Swedish west coast. Oikos, 39(1): 32-39.

  • Thorman, S. and A.M. Wiederholm. 1983. Seasonal occurrence and food resource use of an assemblage of nearshore fish species in the Bothnian Sea, Sweden. Marine Ecology, 10(3): 223-229.

  • Thorman, S. and A.M. Wiederholm. 1984. Species composition and dietary relationships in a brackish shallow water fish assemblage in the Bothnian Sea, Sweden. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 19(3): 359-371.

  • Thorman, S. and A.M. Wiederholm. 1986. Food, habitat and time niches in a coastal fish species assemblage in a brackish water bay in the Bothnian Sea, Sweden. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 95(1): 67-86.

  • Thorman, S. 1986. Physical factors affecting the abundance and species richness of fishes in the shallow waters of the southern Bothnian Sea (Sweden). Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 22(3): 357-369.

  • Tickle, C. and N.J. Cole. 2004. Morphological Diversity: Taking the Spine out of Three-Spine Stickleback. Current Biology, 14(11): 422-424.

  • Tierney, J.F. 1991. Studies on the life history of Schistocephalus solidus: field observations and laboratory experiments. Glasgow.

  • Tierney, J.F., F.A. Huntingford and D.W.T. Crompton. 1993. The relationship between infectivity of Schistocephalus solidus (Cestoda) and anti-predator behaviour of its host, the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Animal Behavior, 46(3): 603-605.

  • Tierney, J.F. 1994. Effects of Schistocephalus solidus (Cestoda) on the food intake and diet of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Journal of Fish Biology, 44(4): 731-735.

  • Tierney, J.F., F.A. Huntingford and D.W.T. Crompton. 1996. Body condition and reproductive status in sticklebacks exposed to a single wave of Schistocephalus solidus infection. Journal of Fish Biology, 49(3): 483-493.

  • Timmermans, J.A. 1976. [Fish population in Yser river]. Station de Recherches des Eaux et Forets. (D37): 3.

  • Timola, O. 1980. The diet of the smelt, Osmerus eperlanus eperlanus (L.) in the northeastern Bothnian Bay. Bothnian Bay Report,(2): 9-16.

  • Tirzitis, Y.D. 1980. Behaviour of Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus ) in the Zone of White and Monochromatic Artificial Light. RYBOKH. ISSLED. BASS. BALT. MORYA, 15: 160-170.

  • Tokranov, A.M. 1994. Composition of the fish community in the R. Bol'shaya (West Kamchatka) estuary. Voprosy Ikhtiologii, 34(1): 5-12.

  • Tokranov, A.M. 1994. The fish community of the Bol'shaya River estuary (western Kamchatka). Journal of Ichthyology, 34(4): 47-57.

  • Tokranov, A.M. and V.V. Maksimenkov. 1995. Features of the nutrition of ichthyophagous fishes in the estuary of the Bolshaya River (western Kamchatka). Voprosy Ikhtiologii, 35(5): 651-658.

  • Toline, C.A. and A.J. Baker. 1997. Evidence of a heritable component to body shape in the northern redbelly dace (Phoxinus eos). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 75(8): 1247-1253.

  • Tolonen, P. and E. Korpimaki. 1996. Do kestrels adjust their parental effort to current or future benefit in a temporally varying environment? Ecoscience, 3(2): 165-172.

  • Tompkins, A.M. and J.H. Gee. 1983. Foraging behavior of brook stickleback, Culaea inconstans (Kirtland): Optimization of time, space, and diet. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 61(11): 2482-2490.

  • Topal, J., A. Miklosi and V. Csanyi. 1994. Is the Testing of TFT Strategy During Predator Inspections Possible by Use of Mirror Image - A Review and Some Controls of Recent Studies. Acta Biologica Hungarica, 45(1): 87-99.

  • Tore, R.J. 1982. Three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus as final host for Bothriocephalus scorpii (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidae). Fauna Norvegica, Series A, 35(1): 11-15.

  • Tsai, C.L. and L.H. Wang. 1997. Effects of androgens replacement on the serotonin and norepinepherine content in the brain of male tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus. Biogenic Amines, 13(2): 109-122.

  • Tsepkin, E.A. and L.I. Sokolov. 1998. About the quick spreading nine-spined stickleback Pungitius pungitius (L.) in the Moscow River basin. Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta Seriya XVI Biologiya, 53(3): 37-40.

  • Tsepkin, E.A. and L.I. Sokolov. 1998. On the quick spreading nine-spined stickleback Pungitius pungitius (L.) in the Moscow River basin. Vestn. Mosk. Univ., 3: 37-40.

  • Tsunikova, E.P. 1982. On the utilization of zooplankton by young fish in Kuban' fish farms. Voprosy ikhtiologii, 22(2): 240-245.

  • Tsuruta, T., Takahashi, H., and Goto, A. 2002. Evidence for type assortative mating between the ýfreshwater and Omono types of nine-spined stickleback in natural fresh water. Journal of Fish Biology, ýý61 (1): 230-241.ý

  • Tsvetkov, V.I. 1979. Effect of changes in the buoyancy of physoclistic fishes on the effectiveness of their defence - food relationships. Zoologicheskij Zhurnal, 58(6): 871-879.

  • Tulley, J.J. and F.A. Huntingford. 1987. Age, experience and the development of adaptive variation in anti-predator responses in three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus ). Ethology, 75(4): 285-290.

  • Tulley, J.J. and F.A. Huntingford. 1987. Paternal care and the development of adaptive variation in anti-predator responses in sticklebacks. Animal Behavior, 35(5): 1570-1572.

  • Tulley, J.J. and F.A. Huntingford. 1988. Additional information on the relationship between intra-specific aggression and anti-predator behaviour in the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Ethology, 78(3): 219-222.

  • Tully, O. and P. O'Ceidigh. 1989. The ichthyoneuston of Galway Bay (Ireland). 1. The seasonal, diel and spatial distribution of larval, post-larval and juvenile fish. Marine biology, 101(1): 27-41.

  • Turnpenny, A.W.H. and R. Williams. 1981. Factors Affecting the Recovery of Fish Populations in an Industrial River. Environ. Pollut. Ser. A., 26(1): 39-58.

  • Tyler, W.A. and F.G. Stanton. 1995. Potential influence of food abundance on spawning patterns in a damselfish, Abudefduf abdominalis. Bulletin of Marine Science, 57(3): 610-623.

  • Tyler, C.R. and J.P. Sumpter. 1996. Oocyte growth and development in teleosts. Reviews In Fish Biology and Fisheries, 6(3): 287-318. top

    U

  • Uiblein, F.M.R.E.K.H.W. 1996. On the possible functions of the spawning colouration of Vimba sp. Oesterreichs Fischerei, 49(10): 220-228.

  • Uitto, A. 1996. Contribution of nanoprotists to metazooplankton diet in a mesocosm experiment in the coastal northern Baltic. Journal of Plankton Research, 18(11): 2119-2137.

  • Uitto, A. and S. Hallfors. 1997. Grazing by mesozooplankton and metazoan microplankton on nanophytoplankton in a mesocosm experiment in the northern Baltic. Journal of Plankton Research, 19(6): 655-673.

  • Ukegbu, A.A. 1986. Life history patterns and reproduction in the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.). Glasgow.

  • Ukegbu, A.A. and F.A. Huntingford. 1988. Brood value and life expectancy as determinants of parental investment in male three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Ethology, 78(1): 72-82.

  • Ukegbu, A.A. and F.A. Huntingford. 1989. Age structure and growth in Scottish populations of the three-spined stickleback. Scottish Naturalist, 101: 19-43.

  • Umanskij, S.A., A.A. Litvinov and M.V. Sanin. 1993. Dynamics of plankton, benthos and fishery productivity in the Lake Manych-Gudilo polluted with sewer-drainage waters. Gidrobiol. Zh./Hydrobiol. J., 29(4): 43-53.

  • Urdal, K., J.F. Tierney and P.J. Jakobsen. 1995. The tapeworm Schistocephalus solidus alters the activity and response, but not the predation susceptibility of infected copepods. Journal of Parasitology, 81(2): 330-333. top

    V

  • Valdron, K.A., D.K. Cone and R. Cusack. 1994. Persistent nodular lesions of bacterial origin on the gills of gasterosteid fish inhabiting an estuarine bay in Nova Scotia, Canada. Journal of Fish Disease, 17(6): 673-679.

  • Valtonen, E.T. and M. Julkunen. 1995. Influence of the transmission of parasites from prey fishes on the composition of the parasite community of a predatory fish. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 52(Supplement 1): 233-245.

  • Valtonen, E.T. and D.I. Gibson. 1997. Aspects of the biology of diplostomid metacercarial (Digenea) populations occurring in fishes in different localities of northern Finland. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 34(1): 47-59.

  • Vamosi S.M. 2002. Predation sharpens the adaptive peaks: survival trade-offs in sympatric sticklebacks. Annales Zoologici Fennici 39: 237-248.

  • Vamosi SM. 2003. Presence of other fish species affects speciation in threespine sticklebacks. Evolutionary Ecology Research 5: 717-730.

  • Vamosi, S.M. and D. Schluter. 1999. Sexual selection against hybrids between sympatric stickleback species: Evidence from a field experiment. Evolution, 53(3): 874-879.

  • Vamosi SM & Schluter D. 2004. Character shifts in the defensive armor of sympatric sticklebacks. Evolution 58: 376-385.

  • Vamosi, S.M., T. Hatfield, and D. Schluter. 2000. A test of ecological selection against young-of-the-year hybrids of sympatric sticklebacks. Journal of Fish Biology, 57(1): 109-121.

  • Vamosi SM & Schluter D. 2002. Impacts of trout predation on fitness of sympatric sticklebacks and their hybrids. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 269: 923-930.

  • Van Bavel, B.P.A.H.W.J.A.P.A.B.L.N.C.R. and M. Tysklind. 1996. Multivariate modeling of PCB bioaccumulation in three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 15(6): 947-954.

  • Van Bavel, B.P.A.H.W.J.A.P.A.B.L.N. and B.M.A. Wagner. 1997. Influence of fish on the breeding of the red-necked grebe Podiceps grisegena (Boddaert, 1783). Hydrobiologia, 344: 57-63.

  • Van Den Assem, J. and P.e. Sevenster. 1985. Fifty years of behaviour study in sticklebacks: Papers read at the First International Conference on Stickleback Behavior. Behaviour, 93(1-4): 1-278.

  • van Hattum, B., P. Leonards, M. Smit, A. de Jongh, A.B. Madsen, T. Murk, M. Klein, J. Hendriks, R. Luttik and M. van der Weiden. 1996. Development of otter-based quality objectives for PCBs (DOQOP). Studies on biomagnification of PCBs in the Limfjord area (Denmark). Organohalogen Compounds, 29: 59-62.

  • Van Havre, N. and G.J. FitzGerald. 1988. Shoaling and kin recognition in the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.). Biological Behavior, 13(4): 190-201.

  • van Veen, T., P. Ekstroem, L. Nyberg, B. Borg, I. Vigh Teichmann and B. Vigh. 1984. Serotonin and opsin immunoreactivities in the developing pineal organ of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Cell and Tissue Research, 237(3): 559-564.

  • Van Vessem, J. and P. Ulenaers. 1994. Impact of great crested grebes (Podiceps cristatus L.) on fish ponds. Hydrobiologia, 279-280: 353-366.

  • vanWezel, A.P. and M.T.O. Jonker. 1998. Use of the lethal body burden in the risk quantification of field sediments; influence of temperature and salinity. Aquatic Toxicology, 42(4): 287-300.

  • Vezina, D. and H. Guderley. 1991. Anatomic and enzymatic responses of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus to thermal acclimation and acclimatization. Journal of Experimental Zoology, 258(3): 258-277.

  • Vickery, W.L., F.G. Whoriskey and G.J. FitzGerald. 1988. On the evolution of nest raiding and male defensive behaviour in sticklebacks (Pisces: Gasterosteidae). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 22(3): 185-193.

  • Viitasalo, M., T. Kiorboe, J. Flinkman, L.W. Pedersen and A.W. Visser. 1998. Predation vulnerability of planktonic copepods: consequences of predator foraging strategies and prey sensory abilities. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 175: 129-142.

  • Vilcinskas, A. 1993. Einheimische Susswasserfische: alle Arten: Merkmale, Verbreitung, Lebensweise. Naturbuch Verlag, Augsburg, Germany.

  • Villani, L., T. Guarnieri, F. Facchinetti, M. Virgili and A. Poli. 1996. Neurotoxic effects of DSP-4 on the noradrenergic system of the goldfish brain. Brain Behavior and Evolution, 47(5): 219-224.

  • Virbickas, J. 1999. The structure and changes of fish communities in the lakes. Hydrobiological research in the Baltic countries,(1): 174-183.

  • Virgl, J.A. and J.D. McPhail. 1994. Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Anadromous (Trachurus) and Freshwater (Leiurus) Threespine Sticklebacks, Gasterosteous Aculeatus. Canadian Field Naturalist, 108(3): 355-360.

  • Visser, M. 1981. Prediction of Switching and Counter-Switching Based on Optimal Foraging. Z. Tierpsychol.., 55(2): 129-138.

  • Visser, M. 1982. Prey selection by the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.). Oecologia, 55(3): 395-402.

  • Vobach, M. and W. Feldt. 1981. Influences of Warm Waste Water From the Nuclear Power Plant "Unterweser" on the Biocoenosis of the Unterweser, Part 1: Investigations From August 1975 to August 1978. BER. ISOTOPENLAB. BUNDESFORSCHUNGSANST. FISCH. HAMB., 1: 1-136.

  • Vobach, M. and W. Feldt. 1987. (Influence of warm waste water from the nuclear power plant "Unterweser" on the biocoenosis of the Unterweser River. Part 2: Investigations from November 1978 to November 1982.). BER. ISOTOPENLAB. BUNDESFORSCHUNGSANST. FISCH., HAMB., 5(136).

  • von Hippel, F.A. 1999. Black male bellies and red female throats: color changes with breeding status in a threespine stickleback. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 55(3): 237-244.

  • von Hippel, F.A. 2000. Vigorously courting male sticklebacks are poor fathers. Acta Ethologica, 2: 83-89.

  • von Hippel, F.A., and H. Weigner. 2004. Sympatric Anadromous-Resident Pairs of Threespine Stickleback Species in Young Lakes and Streams at Bering Glacier, Alaska. Behaviour, 141(11/12): 1441-1464.

  • von Oertzen, J.A. 1984. Influence of steady-state and fluctuating salinities on the oxygen consumption and activity of some brackish water shrimps and fishes. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 80(1): 29-46.

  • Voronin, V.N., B.A. V., K.I. Y. and A.V. Tyutin. 1997. Comparative morphology of spores of the genus Glugea from fishes of Russia. Parazitologiya St. Petersburg, 31: 260-264. top

    W

  • Waas, J.R. and P.W. Colgan. 1992. Chemical cues associated with visually elaborate aggressive displays of three-spined sticklebacks. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 18(12): 2277-2284.

  • Waas, J.R. and P.W. Colgan. 1994. Male sticklebacks can distinguish between familiar rivals on the basis of visual cues alone. Animal Behavior, 47(1): 7-13.

  • Wagner, B.M.A. 1997. Influence of fish on the breeding of the red-necked grebe Podiceps grisegena (Boddaert, 1783). Hydrobiologia, 31(344): 57-63.

  • Wagner, W.E. 1998. Measuring female mating preferences. Animal Behavior, 55(4): 1029-1042.

  • Wahl, L.M. and M.A. Nowak. 1999. The continuous prisoner's dilemma: I. Linear reactive strategies. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 200(3): 307-321.

  • Wakeley, J. 1996. Distinguishing migration from isolation using the variance of pairwise differences. Theoretical Population Biology, 49(3): 369-386.

  • Walker, R.W. and J. Barrett. 1985. Mitochondrial membrane fluorescence and temperature adaptation in Schistocephalus solidus (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea). Parasitology, 90(1): 131-135.

  • Walker, J.A. 1993. Ontogenetic allometry of threespine stickleback body form using landmark-based morphometrics. Monografias Del Museo Nacional De Ciencias Naturales, 1993: 193-214.

  • Walker, J.A. 1996. Principal components of body shape variation within an endemic radiation of threespine stickleback. Nato Asi, 284: 321-334.

  • Walker, J.A. 1997. Ecological morphology of lacustrine threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus L (Gasterosteidae) body shape. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 61(1): 3-50.

  • Walker, J.A. 1998. Estimating velocities and accelerations of animal locomotion: A simulation experiment comparing numerical differentiation algorithms. Journal of Experimental Biology, 201(7): 981-995.

  • Wallace, R.A. and K. Selman. 1979. Physiological aspects of oogenesis in two species of sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. and Apeltes quadracus (Mitchill). Journal of Fish Biology, 14(6): 551-564.

  • Walsh, G. and G.J. Fitzgerald. 1984. (Inherent biases in the analysis of diets of fish. The case of three species of sticklebacks (Gasterosteidae).). Canadian Naturalists, 111(2): 193-202.

  • Walsh, G. and G.J. FitzGerald. 1984. Resource utilization and coexistence of three species of sticklebacks (Gasterosteidae) in tidal salt-marsh pools. Journal of Fish Biology, 25(4): 405-420.

  • Walther, Y. 1995. Bycatches of cod in Swedish trawl fishery for pelagic species in the Baltic Sea - a summarized report for the Polish-Swedish Symposium on Baltic Cod. Polish-Swedish Symposium On Baltic Cod, Mir, Gdynia.

  • Walton, W.E., P.D. Workman and S.A. Pucko. 1996. Efficacy of larvivorous fish against Culex spp. in experimental wetlands. Proceedings and Papers of the Annual Conference of the California Mosquito and Vector Control Association Inc, 64: 96-101.

  • Wan, M.T., R.G. Watts and D.J. Moul. 1994. Impact of chemigation on selected non-target aquatic organisms in cranberry bogs of British Columbia. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 53(6): 828-835.

  • Wang, S.H.F. 1997. An analysis of the ichthyotaxonomy, the osteology of Gasterosteidae, and the application of ichthyotaxa in the paleoenvironment reconstruction of Boxgrove unit 3c, unit 4u, unit 4, and unit 5a stratigraphic sequence. Department of Human Environment Institute of Archaeology. University College London. London.

  • Wanzenbock, J. 1995. Changing handling times during feeding and consequences for prey size selection of 0+ zooplanktivorous fish. Oecologia , 104(3): 372-378.

  • Ward, G. and G.J. FitzGerald. 1983. Fish predation on the macrobenthos of tidal salt marsh pools. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 61(6): 1358-1362.

  • Ward, G. and G.J. FitzGerald. 1987. Male aggression and female mate choice in the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Journal of Fish Biology, 30(6): 679-690.

  • Ward, G. and G.J. FitzGerald. 1988. Effects of sex ratio on male behaviour and reproductive success in a field population of threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus ) (Pisces: Gasterosteidae). Journal of Zoology, 215(4): 597-610.

  • Watanabe, K. 1998. Meristic variation in the endangered bagrid catfish, Pseudobagrus ichikawai. Ichthyological Research, 45(1): 99-104.

  • Watt, P.J., S.F. Nottingham and S. Young. 1997. Toad tadpole aggregation behaviour: evidence for a predator avoidance function. Animal Behavior, 54(4): 865-872.

  • Webster, M.M. and P.J.B. Hart. 2004. Substrate discrimination and preference in foraging fish. Animal Behaviour, 68(5): 1071-1077.

  • Wedekind, C. and M. Milinski. 1996. Do three-spined sticklebacks avoid consuming copepods, the first intermediate host of Schistocephalus solidus? An experimental analysis of behavioural resistance. Parasitology, 112(4): 371-383.

  • Wedekind, C. 1997. The infectivity, growth, and virulence of the cestode Schistocephalus solidus in its first intermediate host, the copepod Macrocyclops albidus. Parasitology, 115(3): 317-324.

  • Wedekind, C., P. Meyer, M. Frischknecht, U.A. Niggli and H. Pfander. 1998. Different carotenoids and potential information content of red coloration of male three-spined stickleback. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 24(5): 787-801.

  • Weetman, D., D. Atkinson and J.C. Chubb. 1998. Effects of temperature on anti-predator behaviour in the guppy, Poecilia reticulata. Animal Behavior, 55(5): 1361-1372.

  • Wellborn, G.A. 1995. Predator community composition and patterns of variation in life history and morphology among Hyalella (Amphipoda) populations in southeast Michigan. American Midland Naturalist, 133(2): 322-332.

  • Wendelaar Bonga, S.E. 1978. The effects of changes in external sodium, calcium, and magnesium concentrations on prolactin cells, skin, and plasma electrolytes of Gasterosteus aculeatus. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 34(3): 265-275.

  • Wendelaar Bonga, S.E. 1980. Effect of synthetic salmon calcitonin and low ambient calcium on plasma calcium, ultimobranchial cells, Stannius bodies, and prolactin cells in the teleost Gasterosteus aculeatus. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 40(1): 99-108.

  • Wendelaar Bonga, S.E. 1981. Effect of synthetic salmon calcitonin on protein-bound and free plasma calcium in the teleost Gasterosteus aculeatus. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 43(1): 123-126.

  • Wendeln, H.S.M. and P.H. Becker. 1994. Effects of individual foraging strategies of common terns (Sterna hirundo) on their presence at the colony site. Vogelwarte, 37(4): 290-303 (In German}.

  • Wendeln, H. 1997. Allocation of parental duties and foraging behavior influence body condition of adult common terns, Sterna hirundo. Bird Behavior, 12(1-2): 47-54.

  • Wester, P.W. and C.J. Roghair. 1992. Teratogenic effect in the gas gland of fish induced by the fabric softener ditallow dimethyl ammonium chloride. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 12(3): 207-213.

  • Wester, P.W. and C.J. Roghair. 1994. Monitoring of sublethal chronic effects in fish: the pathomorphological approach. In R. Muller and R. Lloyd. Ed.^Eds. Sublethal and chronic effects of pollutants on freshwater fish. Fishing News Books, Oxford. : 7-14.

  • Wetterer, J.K. and C.J. Bishop. 1985. Planktivore prey selection: The reactive field volume model vs. the apparent size model. Ecology, 66(2): 457-464.

  • Wheeler, A. 1994. Field key to the shore fishes of the British isles. Field Studies, 8(3): 481-521.

  • Wheeler, A. 1998. Field key to the freshwater fishes and lampreys of the British Isles. Field Studies, 9(2): 355-394.

  • White, M.D. 1993. Morphological characteristics of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from the Sweetwater River, San Diego County, California. Proceedings of the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, 73: 219-224.

  • Whoriskey, F.G. and G.J. FitzGerald. 1985. Sex, cannibalism and sticklebacks. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 18(1): 15-18.

  • Whoriskey, F.G. and G.J. FitzGerald. 1985. The effects of bird predation on an estuarine stickleback (Pisces: Gasterosteidae) community. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63(2): 301-307.

  • Whoriskey, F.G., A. Gaudeault, N. Martel, S. Campeau and G.J. Fitzgerald. 1985. The activity budget and behavior patterns of female threespine sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus (L.), in a Quebec tidal salt marsh. Canadian Naturalists, 112(1): 113-118.

  • Whoriskey, F.G. and G.J. FitzGerald. 1985. Nest sites of the threespine stickleback: Can site characters alone protect the nest against egg predators and are nest sites a limiting resource? Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63(8): 1991-1994.

  • Whoriskey, F.G., G.J. FitzGerald and S.G. Reebs. 1986. The breeding-season population structure of three sympatric, territorial sticklebacks (Pisces: Gasterosteidae). Journal of Fish Biology, 29(6): 635-648.

  • Whoriskey, F.G. and G.J. Fitzgerald. 1987. Intraspecific competition in sticklebacks (Gasterosteidae: Pisces): Does mother nature concur? Journal of Animal Ecology, 56(3): 939-947.

  • Whoriskey, F.G. and R.J. Wootton. 1987. The swimming endurance of threespine sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus L., from the Afon Rheidol, Wales. Journal of Fish Biology, 30(3): 335-339.

  • Whoriskey, F.G. and G.J. FitzGerald. 1989. Breeding-season habitat use by sticklebacks (Pisces: Gasterosteidae) at Isle Verte, Quebec. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 67(9): 2126-2130.

  • Whoriskey, F.G. 1991. Stickleback distraction displays: Sexual or foraging deception against egg cannibalism? Animal Behavior, 41(6): 989-995.

  • Whoriskey, F.G. and G.J. FitzGerald. 1994. Ecology of the threespine stickleback on the breeding grounds. In M. A. Bell and S. A. Foster. Ed.^Eds. Evolutionary biology of the threespine stickleback. Oxford University Press, Oxford. : 188-206.

  • Wibe, A.E., T. Nordtug and B.M. Jenssen. 2001. Effects of bis(tributyltin)oxide on antipredator behavior in threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Chemosphere, 44(3): 475-481.

  • Wibe, A.E., A. Billing, G. Rosenqvist and B.M. Jenssen. 2002. Butyl Benzyl Phthalate Affects Shoaling Behavior and Bottom-Dwelling Behavior in Threespine Stickleback. Environmental Research, 89(2): 180-187.

  • Wibe, A.E., G. Rosenqvist and B.M. Jenssen. 2002. Disruption of Male Reproductive Behavior in Threespine Stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus Exposed to 17[beta]-Estradiol. Environmental Research, 90(2): 136-141.

  • Wiegmann, D.D. and J.R. Baylis. 1995. Male body size and paternal behaviour in smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieui (Pisces: Centrarchidae). Animal Behavior, 50(6): 1543-1555.

  • Wibe, A.E., E.E. Fjeld, G. Rosenqvist and B.M. Jenssen. 2004. Postexposure effects of DDE and butylbenzylphthalate on feeding behavior in threespine stickleback. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 57(2): 213-219.

  • Wiegmann, D.D., L.A. Real, T.A. Capone and S. Ellner. 1996. Some distinguishing features of models of search behavior and mate choice. American Naturalist, 147(2): 188-204.

  • Wiegmann, D.D., K. Mukhopadhyay and L.A. Real. 1999. Sequential search and the influence of male quality on female mating decisions. Journal of Mathematical Biology, 39(3): 193-216.

  • Wilkonska, H. 1987. Fish fry and exploited fish species in Lake Zarnowieckie. Pol. Ecol. Stud., 12(3-4): 347-362.

  • Wilkonska, H. 1994. Interspecies relations in fish fry community in heated Konin Lakes. Arch. Ryb. Pol./Arch. Pol. Fish., 2(2): 311-320.

  • Willassen, E. and A. Bjorklund. 1989. Emergence of Chironomidae (Diptera) and other insects from limnocorrals with different fish densities. Preliminary results from an experimental manipulation. Acta Biologica Debrecina Supplementum Oecologica Hungarica, 2: 363-371.

  • Williams, D.D. and J.C. Delbeek. 1989. Biology of the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus , and the blackspotted stickleback, G. wheatlandi , during their marine pelagic phase in the Bay of Fundy, Canada. Environmental biology of fishes, 24(1): 33-41.

  • Williams, P.J. and J.A. Brown. 1991. Developmental changes in foraging-predator avoidance trade-offs in larval lumpfish Cyclopterus lumpus. Marine ecology progress series, 76(1).

  • Willmott, H.E. 1993. Effects of rivals and sneaking males on courtship in the fourspine stickleback, Apeltes quadracus. 30th Annual Meeting of the Animal Behavior Society, Davis CA (USA).

  • Willmott, H.E. and S.A. Foster. 1995. The effects of rival male interaction on courtship and parental care in the fourspine stickleback, Apeltes quadracus. Behaviour, 132(13-14): 997-1010.

  • Wilz, K.J. 1971. Comparative aspects of courtship behavior in the tenspined stickleback, Pygosteus pungitius (L.). Z. Tierpsychol.., 29: 1-10.

  • Winkler, H.M. and R. Thiel. 1993. Observations into the actual occurrence of some small fish species on the Baltic coast of Mecklenburg and Vorpommern (Northeast-Germany). Rostocker Meeresbiologische Beitrage, 1: 95-104.

  • Winnicki, A., A. Korzelecka and A. Tanski. 1998. New data on breeding and early ontogenesis of three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.). Arch. Ryb. Pol./Arch. Pol. Fish., 6(1): 115-122.

  • Winter, H. 1994. Fish. Report of the recorder. Bedfordshire Naturalist, 48: 30-33.

  • Wischnath, L. 1994. Sticklebacks in the aquarium. Tropical Fish Hobbyist, 43(4): 130-134.

  • Wisenden, B.D., D.P. Chivers and R.J.F. Smith. 1994. Risk-sensitive habitat use by brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans) in areas associated with minnow alarm pheromone. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 20(11): 2975-2983.

  • Wisenden, B., D., D.P. Chivers and R.J.F. Smith. 1994. Risk-sensitive habitat use by brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans) in areas associated with minnow alarm pheromone. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 20(11): 2959-2974.

  • Wisenden, B.D., D.P. Chivers, G.E. Brown and R.J.F. Smith. 1995. The role of experience in risk assessment: avoidance of areas chemically labelled with fathead minnow alarm pheromone by conspecifics and heterospecifics. Ecoscience, 2(2): 116-122.

  • Wisenden, B.D., D.P. Chivers and R.J.F. Smith. 1997. Learned recognition of predation risk by Enallagma damselfly larvae (Odonata, Zygoptera) on the basis of chemical cues. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 23(1): 137-151.

  • Wisenden, B.D., A. Cline and T.C. Sparkes. 1999. Survival benefit to antipredator behavior in the amphipod Gammarus minus (Crustacea : Amphipoda) in response to injury-released chemical cues from conspecifics and heterospecifics. Ethology , 105(5): 407-414.

  • Withler, R.E. and J.D. McPhal. 1985. Genetic variability in freshwater and anadromous sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus ) of southern British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63(3): 528-533.

  • Wlasow, T., P. Gomulka, A. Martyniak, S. Boron, P. Hliwa, J. Terlecki and U. Szymanska. 1998. Anguillicola crassus larvae in cormorant's prey fish in Vistula Lagoon, Poland. Bulletin Francais De La Peche Et De La Pisciculture, 349: 223-227.

  • Wolf, E.G., B. Morson and K.W. Fucik. 1983. Preliminary studies of food habits of juvenile fish, China Poot Marsh and Potter Marsh, Alaska, 1978. Estuaries, 6(2): 102-114.

  • Wolfenbarger, L.L. 1999. Red coloration of male northern cardinals correlates with mate quality and territory quality. Behavioral Ecology, 10(1): 80-90.

  • Wolter, G. and A. Vilcinskas. 1996. Fish fauna of the Berlinean waters -- their vulnerability and protection. Limnologica, 26(2): 207-213.

  • Wong, K., F.C.P. Law and R.F. Addison. 1981. Uptake, Metabolism, and Elimination of Diphenyl Ether by Trout and Stickleback. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology [Bulletin of the Environmental Contamination and Toxicology], 26(2): 243-247.

  • Wood, R.M. 1996. Phylogenetic systematics of the darter subgenus Nothonotus (Teleostei: Percidae). Copeia, 1996(2): 300-318.

  • Woodworth, J. and D. Pascoe. 1983. Induction of cadmium-binding protein in the three-spined stickleback. Aquatic Toxicology, 3(1): 141-148.

  • Woodworth, J. and D. Pascoe. 1983. Cadmium uptake and distribution in sticklebacks related to the concentration and method of exposure. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 7(6): 525-530.

  • Woody, D.R. and A. Mathis. 1998. Acquired recognition of chemical stimuli from an unfamiliar predator: Associative learning by adult newts, Notophthalmus viridescens. Copeia, 1998(4): 1027-1031.

  • Wootton, R.J. 1977. Effect of food limitation during the breeding season on the size, body components and egg production of female sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Journal of Animal Ecology, 46(3): 823-834.

  • Wootton, R.J., G.W. Evans and L. Mills. 1978. Annual cycle in female three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) from an upland and lowland population. Journal of Fish Biology, 12(4): 331-343.

  • Wootton, R.J., J.R.M. Allen and S.J. Cole. 1980. Effect of body weight and temperature on the maximum daily food consumption of Gasterosteus aculeatus L. and Phoxinus phoxinus (L.): selecting an appropriate model. Journal of Fish Biology, 17(6): 695-705.

  • Wootton, R.J., J.R.M. Allen and S.J. Cole. 1980. Energetics of the annual reproductive cycle in female sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Journal of Fish Biology, 17(4): 387-394.

  • Wootton, R.J. 1984. A functional biology of sticklebacks. University of California Press, Berkeley.

  • Wootton, R.J. 1985. Effects of food and density on the reproductive biology of the three-spine stickleback with a hypothesis on population limitation in sticklebacks. Behaviour, 93(1-4): 101-111.

  • Wootton, R.J. 1985. Energetics of reproduction. In P. Tytler and P. Calow. Ed.^Eds. Fish Energetics: New Perspectives. Chapman & Hall. : 231-254.

  • Wootton, R.J. 1986. Problems in the estimation of food consumption and fecundity in fish production studies. Polish Archives of Hydrobiology, 33(3-4): 263-276.

  • Wootton, R.J. 1994. Energy allocation in the threespine stickleback. In M. A. Bell and S. A. Foster. Ed.^Eds. Evolutionary biology of the threespine stickleback. Oxford University Press, Oxford. : 114-143.

  • Wootton, R.J. 2004. A Simulation Study of the Consequences of Growth Depression and Compensatory Growth in the Threespine Stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Behaviour, 141(11/12): 1543-1554.

  • Wootton, R.J., D.A. Fletcher, C. Smith and F.G. Whoriskey. 1995. A review of reproductive rates in sticklebacks in relation to parental expenditure and operational sex ratios. Behaviour, 132(13-14): 915-933.

  • Worgan, J.P. and G.J. FitzGerald. 1981. Diel Activity and Diet of Three Sympatric Sticklebacks in Tidal Salt Marsh Pools. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 59(12): 2375-2379.

  • Worgan, J.P. and G.J. FitzGerald. 1981. Habitat segregation in a salt marsh among adult sticklebacks (Gasterosteidae). Environmental Biology of Fishes, 6(1): 105-109.

  • Wriedt, B. and R. Schulz. 1997. The fish fauna of the river Fuhse in south east Lower Saxony, Germany - Model stream or critical situation? Braunschweiger Naturkundliche Schriften, 5(2): 305-316.

  • Wriedt, B. and R. Schulz. 1997. The fish fauna of the river Fuhse in south east Lower Saxony, Germany -- model stream or critical situation? Braunschw. Naturkd. Schr., 5(2): 305-316.

  • Wright, R.M. and N. Giles. 1987. The survival, growth and diet of pike fry, Esox lucius L., stocked at different densities in experimental ponds. Journal of Fish Biology, 30(5): 617-629.

  • Wright, P.J. and K.M. Wright. 1991. A field study of the reproductive behaviour of spine-deficient sticklebacks from North Uist, Outer Hebrides. Scottish Naturalist, 103: 3-22.

  • Wright, P.J. and F.A. Huntingford. 1993. Agonistic interactions in juvenile sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) in relation to local predation risk. Ethology, 94(3): 248-256.

  • Wright, P.J. and F.A. Huntingford. 1993. Daily growth increments in the otoliths of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Journal of Fish Biology, 42(1): 65-77. top

    X

  • Xie, X., T. Long, Y. Zhang and Z. Cao. 1998. Reproductive investment in the Silurus meridionalis. Journal of Fish Biology, 53(2): 259-271. top

    Y

  • Yabe, T. 1991. Conservation and breeding of the Musashi ninespine stickleback. Animals and Zoos, 43(8): 30-32.

  • Yamamoto, M. and K. Ueda. 1978. Comparative morphology of fish olfactory epithelium. 5. Gasterosteiformes, Channiformes and Synbranchiformes. Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish., 44(12): 1309-1314.

  • Yanez, J. and R. Anadon. 1996. Afferent and efferent connections of the habenula in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): An indocarbocyanine dye (DiI) study. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 372(4): 529-543.

  • Yanez, J., H. Meissl and R. Anadon. 1996. Central projections of the parapineal organ of the adult rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Cell and Tissue Research, 285(1): 69-74.

  • Yanez, J. and R. Anadon. 1998. Neural connections of the pineal organ in the primitive bony fish Acipenser baeri: A carbocyanine dye tract-tracing study. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 398(2): 151-161.

  • Yang, S.Y. and M.S. Min. 1990. Genetic variation and systematics of the sticklebacks (Pisces, Gasterosteidae) in Korea. Korean Journal of Zoology, 33(4): 499-508.

  • Yang, R. and D.J. Randall. 1996. Effects of tetrachloroguaiacol (TeCG) on the osmoregulation of adult coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 56(5): 788-795.

  • Yeomans, W.E., J.C. Chubb and R.A. Sweeting. 1997. Use of protozoan communities for pollution monitoring. Parassitologia, 39(3): 201-212.

  • Yoneyama, K., T. Matsuoka and G. Kawamura. 1996. The effect of starvation on individual catchability and hook-avoidance learning of rainbow trout. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 62(2): 236-242.

  • Yurkowski, M., J.L. Tabachek, J.E. Halver and K. Tiews. 1979. Proximate and amino acid composition of some natural fish foods. In . Ed.^Eds. Finfish nutrition and fishfeed technology. Heenemann Verlagsgesellschaft, Hamb. 14-15: 435-448. top

    Z

  • Zander, C.D. 1979. On the biology and food of small-sized fish from the North and Baltic Sea areas. 2. Investigation of a shallow stony ground off Mon, Denmark. Ophelia, 18(2): 179-190.

  • Zander, C.D. and E. Hartwig. 1982. On the biology and food of small-sized fish from North and Baltic Sea areas. 4. Ivestigations on an eulittoral mud flat at Sylt Island. Helgolander Meeresuntersuchungen, 35(1): 47-63.

  • Zander, C.D., H.G. Kollra, B. Antholz, W. Meyer and D. Westphal. 1984. Small-sized euryhalinge fish as intermediate hosts of the digenetic trematode Cryptocotyle concavum. Diseases of Marine Organisms, 37(1-4): 433-443.

  • Zander, C.D., J. Moeller Buchner and H.D. Totzke. 1984. The role of sticklebacks in the food web of the Elbe and Eider estuaries (northern Federal Republic of Germany). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 212: 3-4.

  • Zander, C.D. and D. Westphal. 1991. Parasites of small-sized fishes from the Baltic fjord Schlei and their insertion into the food chain. Seevogel, 12(1): 4-8.

  • Zander, C.D. and D. Westphal. 1992. Nahrungsbeziehungen von vier euryhalinen Kleinfischarten der Ostseeforde Schlei. Zoologische Jahrbuecher , 119(2): 339-364.

  • Zander, C.D., L.W. Reimer and K. Barz. 1999. Parasite communities of the Salzhaff (Northwest Mecklenburg, Baltic Sea). I. Structure and dynamics of communities of littoral fish, especially small sized fish. Parasitology Research, 85(5): 356-372.

  • Zbinden, M., C.R. Largiadar, and T.C.M. Bakker. 2001. Sperm allocation in the three-spined stickleback. Journal of Fish Biology, 59(5): 1287-1297.

  • Zerrath, H. 1996. Burst-swimming performance of native small and young fish species in slope-models -- dates for valueing fishways. Fischoekologie, 9: 27-48.

  • Zhu, X., Y. Cui, M. Ali, and R.J. Wootton. 2001. Comparison of compensatory growth responses of juvenile three-spined stickleback and minnow following similar food deprivation protocols. Journal of Fish Biology, 58(4): 1149-1165.

  • Zhukov, P.I., D.F. Kunitskij and V.K. Rizevskij. 1986. On the penetration of threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus L. to the Dnieper River basin. Voprosy ikhtiologii, 26(3): 515-517.

  • Zhukov, P.I., D.F. Kunitskiy and V.K. Rizevskiy. 1987. The occurrence of the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus , in the Dnieper Basin. Journal of Ichthyology, 27(1): 118-120.

  • Zhulidov, A.V. 1992. Peculiarities of heavy metals contents in genetically determined morphs in the fish Gasterosteus aculeatus (Gasterosteidae, Pisces). Ekologiya, 1: 87-89.

  • Zietara, M.S. 1989. Electrophoretic lactate and malate dehydrogenases polymorphism in populations of the threespine (Gasterosteus aculeatus ) and the ninespine (Pungitius pungitius ) sticklebacks from the Vistula River and the Gdansk Gulf. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 17(3): 253-259.

  • Zietara, M.S. and E. Skorkowski. 1991. Unusual expression of the three spine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes and partial characterization of purified LDH-A-4. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B Comparative Biochemistry, 99(1): 51-56.

  • Zietara, M.S. 1993. Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes expression in sticklebacks. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 21(1): 95.

  • Zietara, M.S. and E.F. Skorkowski. 1995. Thermostability of lactate dehydrogenase LDH-A(4) isoenzyme: Effect of heat shock protein DnaK on the enzyme activity. International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, 27(11): 1169-1174.

  • Zietara, M.S., J. Gronczewska and E.F. Skorkowski. 1997. Purification and properties of the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) lactate dehydrogenase LDH-B-4 and LDH-C-4 isoenzymes. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 117(4): 571-577.

  • Ziliukas, V. 1993. [Ecological analysis of littoral fish fry communities of the Nemunas River basin. 1. Species composition.]. Ekologiya, 4: 61-70.

  • Ziliukas, V. and V. Ziliukiene. 1996. Ichtyofauna formation in Anyksciai water reservoir. [Fishery and Aquaculture in Lithuania] ,: 259-268.

  • Ziliukas, V. 1996. Dynamics of the main ecological indices of fish fry communities. Proceedings of the International Symposium On Usage of the Database of Selected Species, INSTITUTE OF ECOLOGY, VILNIUS (LITHUANIA).

  • Ziliukas, V. 1997. Ecological analysis of littoral fish fry communities of Nemunas river basin. International Workshop on Systems Research in Ecology: Linking Watershed, Riverine and Marine Processes, Klaipeda University, Klaipeda (Lithuania).

  • Ziliukas, V., R. Repecka and L. Lozys. 1998. Structure of fish fry communities in the coastal zone of the Curonian lagoon. Fishery and aquaculture in Lithuania, 3(1): 201-214.

  • Ziliukas, V. 1999. Ecological analysis of shore-zone fish fry communities of the Nemunas river basin. Hydrobiological research in the Baltic countries. 1. Rivers and lakes,: 37-65.

  • Ziliukiene, V. 1997. Ichthyoplankton of the Curonian Lagoon. International Workshop on Systems Research in Ecology: Linking Watershed, Riverine and Marine Processes, Klaipeda University, Klaipeda (Lithuania).

  • Zucker, N. 1994. Social influence on the use of a modifiable status signal. Animal Behavior, 48(6): 1317-1324.

  • Zucker, N. and L. Murray. 1996. Determinants of dominance in the tree lizard Urosaurus ornatus: The relative importance of mass, previous experience and coloration. Ethology , 102(10): 812-825.

  • Zyuganov, V.V. 1983. Genetics of osteal plate polymorphism and microevolution of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 65(3): 239-246.

  • Zyuganov, V.V. 1984. The penetration of the Aral stickleback, Pungitius platygaster aralensis (Gasterosteidae) into the Ob' basin. Journal of Ichthyology, 24(3): 125-126.

  • Zyuganov, V.V. and V. Gomeluk. 1985. Hybridization of two forms of ninespine stickleback, Pungitius pungitius and P. platygaster , under experimental conditions and an attempt to predict the consequences of their contact in nature. Environmental biology of fishes, 13(4): 241-251.

  • Zyuganov, V.V. 1985. Ethological differences and the probability of introgressive hybridization between two species of the ninespine stickleback, Pungitius pungitius and Pungitius platygaster , in Eurasia. Behaviour, 93(1-4): 169.

  • Zyuganov, V.V. 1987. Change in nest constructing behavior of ninespine stickleback, Pungitius pungitius , introduced into unusual environments. Journal of Ichthyology, 27(2): 151-153.

  • Zyuganov, V.V. and A.S. Rozanov. 1987. Genetics of the structural polymorphism of the pelvic skeleton of ninespine stickleback. Dokl. An SSR, 293(2): 459-463.

  • Zyuganov, V.V., G. Golovatjuk, K.A. Savvaitova, V.F. Bugaev and N.K. Koltzov. 1987. Genetically isolated sympatric forms of threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus , in Lake Azabachije (Kamchatka-peninsula, USSR). Environmental Biology of Fishes, 18(4): 241-247.

  • Zyuganov, V.N. and V.F. Bugaev. 1988. Stability of isolatory mechanisms in 3 forms of three-spine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus which spawn at different times in the Azabach'e Lake (Kamchatka). Voprosy Ikhtiologii, 28(2): 322-325.

  • Zyuganov, V.V. and V.F. Bugayev. 1988. Isolating mechanisms between spawning populations of the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus , of Lake Azabach'ye, Kamchatka. Journal of Ichthyology, 28(1): 131-134.

  • Zyuganov, V.V. 1988. Studies on the mechanisms of ethological reproductive isolation of forms (Trachurus, Leiurus, Semiarmatus ) of threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus (Gasterosteiformes, Gasterosteidae) from two geographical regions. Zoologicheskij zhurnal, 57(5): 719-728.

  • Zyuganov, V.V. 1989. The discovery of reproductive isolated parapatric forms of the ninespine stickleback, Pungitius pungitius, with and without a pelvic girdle. Journal of Ichthyology, 29(4): 134-142.

  • Zyuganov, V.V. 1995. Reproductive isolation among lateral plate phenotypes (low, partial, complete) of the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, from the White Sea basin and the Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia. Behaviour, 132(15-16): 1173-1181.

  • Zyuganov, V.V. and A.A. Zotin. 1995. Pelvic girdle polymorphism and reproductive barriers in the ninespine stickleback Pungitius pungitius (L.) from Northwest Russia. Behaviour, 132(13-14): 1095-1098. top
    1