Bibliography of Sticklebacks

Yazdan Keivany

Department of Fisheries
Faculty of Natural Resources
Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran

This page contains literature published since 1979 on sticklebacks (Gasterosteidae) and those not listed in Coad (1981). If you know of any literature not listed here, or notice any error, please contact me. Last updated on 29 April, 2006.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M
N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

A

  • Aaser, H.F., E. Jeppesen and M. Sondergaard. 1995. Seasonal dynamics of the mysid Neomysis integer and its predation on the copepod Eurytemora affinis in a shallow hypertrophic brackish lake. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 127(1-3): 47-56.

  • Abbasov, G.S. 1980. The ichthyofauna of the main freshwater bodies of Azerbaidzhan. Journal of Ichthyology, 20(4): 140-142.

  • Abdoli, A. 1993. Threespine stickleback in the Caspian Sea. Abzeeyan (Tehran), 3(10/11): 45.

  • Abdoli, A. 1999. Threespined stickleback in southern basins of the Caspian Sea. Abzeeyan (Tehran), 4(5): 10-13.

  • Abdoli, A. 2000. The inland water fishes of Iran. Iranian Museum of Nature and Wildlife, Tehran. 378 pp.

  • Abrahams, M.V. and L.D. Townsend. 1993. Bioluminescence in dinoflagellates: a test of the burglar alarm hypothesis. Ecology, 74(1): 258-260.

  • Abrahams, M.V. 1994. Risk of predation and its influence on the relative competitive abilities of two species of freshwater fishes. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 51(7): 1629-1633.

  • Abrahams, M.V. 1995. The interaction between antipredator behaviour and antipredator morphology: Experiments with fathead minnows and brook sticklebacks. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 73(12): 2209-2215.

  • Abrahams, M.V. 1996. Interaction between young-of-year fathead minnows and brook sticklebacks: Effects on growth and diet selection. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 125(3): 480-485.

  • Adalsteinsson, H. 1979. Size and food of arctic char Salvelinus alpinus and stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus in Lake Myvatn. Oikos, 32(1-2): 228-231.

  • Adamek, Z., V. Barus and M. Prokes. 1996. Summer diet of roach (Rutilus rutilus) infested by Ligula intestinalis (Cestoda) plerocercoids in the Dalesice Reservoir (Czech Republic). Folia Zoologica, 45(4): 347-354.

  • Adel, M.M., G.W. Esch and H.E. Eure. 1995. The distribution and pathobiology of Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus in the intestine of green sunfish, Lepomis cyanellus. Parasitology, 111(2): 221-231.

  • Aguirre, W.E., P.K. Doherty, and M.A. Bell. 2004. Genetics of Lateral Plate and Gillraker Phenotypes in a Rapidly Evolving Population of Threespine Stickleback. Behaviour, 141(11/12): 1465-1484.

  • Ahn, D. 1998. Factors Controlling Axial Variation in the Threespine Stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus (Teleostei: Gasterosteidae): Pattern of Natural Variation and Genetic/Developmental Mechanisms. University of Michigan.

  • Ahn, D.G. and G. Gibson. 1999. Axial variation in the threespine stickleback: relationship to Hox gene expression. Development Genes and Evolution, 209(8): 473-481.

  • Ahn, D.G. and G. Gibson. 1999. Expression patterns of threespine stickleback Hox genes and insights into the evolution of the vertebrate body axis. Development Genes and Evolution, 209(8): 482-494.

  • Ahnelt, H. and R.A. Patzner. 1992. [The occurrence of the ten-spined stickleback (Pungitius pungitius, Teleostei: Gasterosteidae) in Austria]. Osterreichs Fischerei, 45(2-3): 48-50.

  • Ahnelt, H., H.J. Paepke and E. Amann. 1994. Four-spined sticklebacks from the Rhine valley in Vorarlberg, Austria (Gasterosteus aculeatus: Pisces, Gasterosteidae). Osterreichs Fischerei, 47(5-6): 125-132.

  • Ahnelt, H. and E. Amann. 1994. Gasterosteus aculeatus (Pisces, Gasterosteidae) in Austria -to stand up for the three-spined stickleback? Osterreichs Fischerei, 47(1): 19-23.

  • Ahnelt, H., M. Gelnar, R. Konecny and M. Walzl. 1995. Ein fur Osterreich neuer Fischparasit der Gattung Gyrodactylus (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae). Oesterreichs Fischerei, 48(1): 13-16.

  • Ahnelt, H., M. Gelnar, R. Konecny and M. Walzl. 1995. A new fish parasite of the genus Gyrodactylus (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) for Austria. Osterreichs Fischerei, 48(1): 13-17.

  • Ahnelt, H., H. Pohl, H. Hilgers and H. Splechtna. 1998. The threespine stickleback in Austria (Gasterosteus aculeatus L., Pisces: Gasterosteidae) - morphological variations. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 100B: 395-404.

  • Akagawa, I., T. Kanda and M. Okiyama. 1998. Female mate choice through spawning parade formed by male-male competition in filefish Rudarius ercodes. Journal of Ethology, 16(2): 105-113.

  • Alagon, C.I. 1995. Datos preliminares de la distribucion del espinoso (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.), en la bahia de Txingudi. Lurralde, 18: 59-66.

  • Ali, M., M. Przybylski and R.J. Wootton. 1998. Do random fluctuations in daily ration affect the growth rate of juvenile three-spined sticklebacks? Journal of Fish Biology, 52(2): 223-229.

  • Ali, M. and R.J. Wootton. 1999. Coping with resource variation: effect of constant and variable intervals between feeding on reproductive performance at first spawning of female three-spined sticklebacks. Journal of Fish Biology, 55(1): 211-220.

  • Ali, M. and R.J. Wootton. 1999. Effect of variable food levels on reproductive performance of breeding female three-spined sticklebacks. Journal of Fish Biology, 55(5): 1040-1053.

  • Ali, M., and R.J. Wootton. 2000. Pattern of hyperphagia in immature three-spined sticklebacks after short-term food deprivation. Journal of Fish Biology, 56(3): 648-653.

  • Ali, M., and R.J. Wootton. 2001. Capacity for growth compensation in juvenile three-spined sticklebacks experiencing cycles of food deprivation. Journal of Fish Biology, 58(6): 1531-1544.

  • Allen, J.R.M. and R.J. Wootton. 1982. The Effect of Ration and Temperature on the Growth of the Three-Spined Stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Journal of Fish Biology, 20(4): 409-422.

  • Allen, J.R.M. and R.J. Wootton. 1982. Effect of food on the growth of carcase, liver and ovary in female Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Journal of Fish Biology, 21(5): 537-548.

  • Allen, J.R.M. and R.J. Wootton. 1982. Age, growth and rate of food consumption in an upland population of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Journal of Fish Biology, 21(1): 95-106.

  • Allen, J.R.M. and R.J. Wootton. 1983. Rate of food consumption in a population of threespine sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus, estimated from the faecal production. Environmental biology of fishes, 8(2): 157-162.

  • Allen, J.R.M. and R.J. Wootton. 1984. Temporal patterns in diet and rate of food consumption of the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) in Llyn Frongoch, an upland Welsh lake. Freshwater biology, 14(4): 335-346.

  • Altukhov, K.A. 1979. A contribution to the biology of early development stages of non-commercial and rare fish species from the White Sea. Voprosy Ikhtiologii, 19(6): 1079-1090.

  • Alvarez, P.P., O. Palenzuela and A. SitjaBobadilla. 1997. Ultrastructure and cytochemistry study of Goussia sparis (Protozoa: Apicomplexa) stages from the intestine of the gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata L. (Pisces: Teleostei). Parasitology Research, 83(1): 24-33.

  • Amundsen, P.A. and A. Klemetsen. 1988. Diet, gastric evacuation rates and food consumption in a stunted population of Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus L., in Takvatn, northern Norway. Journal of Fish Biology, 33(5): 697-709.

  • Amundsen, P.A. 1994. Piscivory and cannibalism in Arctic charr. Journal of Fish Biology, 45: 181-189.

  • Anadon, R., F. Adrio and I. RodriguezMoldes. 1998. Distribution of GABA immunoreactivity in the central and peripheral nervous system of amphioxus (Branchiostoma lanceolatum Pallas). Journal of Comparative Neurology, 23(3): 293-307.

  • Andersen, K.I. and E.T. Valtonen. 1992. Segregation and co-occurrence of larval cestodes in freshwater fishes in the Bothnian Bay, Finland. Parasitology, 104(1): 161-168.

  • Andersson, E., I. Mayer and B. Borg. 1988. Inhibitory effect of 11-ketoandrostenedione and androstenedione on spermatogenesis in the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Journal of Fish Biology, 33(6): 835-840.

  • Andersson, E., B. Borg and R. de Leeuw. 1989. Characterization of gonadotropin-releasing hormone binding sites in the pituitary of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 76(1): 41-45.

  • Andersson, E., B. Borg and J.T. Goos Henk. 1992. Temperature, but not photoperiod, influences gonadotropin-releasing hormone binding in the pituitary of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 88(1): 111-116.

  • Andersson, E., J. Bogerd, B. Borg, P.J. Sharp, N.M. Sherwood and H.J.T. Goos. 1995. Characterization and localization of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the brain and pituitary of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Cell and Tissue Research, 279(3): 485-493.

  • Andraso, G.M. 1994. Trade-off between defensive morphology and escape response efficiency in the brook stickleback, Culaea inconstans. 1994 Midwest Animal Behavior Conference, Carbondale IL (USA).

  • Andraso, G.M. and J.N. Barron. 1995. Evidence for a trade-off between defensive morphology and startle-response performance in the brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 73(6): 1147-1153.

  • Andraso, G.M. 1997. A comparison of startle response in two morphs of the brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans): further evidence for a trade-off between defensive morphology and swimming ability. Evolutionary Ecology, 11(1): 83-90.

  • Andriulionis, D. and E. Bukelskis. 1998. Nutrition of unprofitable fish in Arnioniu and Arvydu fish farming ponds. Fishery and aquaculture in LithuaniaSociety of Hydrobiologists, Vilnius, 3(2): 179-188.

  • Anker, G.C. 1978. Analyses of respiration and feeding movements of the three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Netherlands Journal of Zoology, 28(3-4): 485-523.

  • Anonymous. 1978. The toxicity of dissolved zinc to the stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus L. and the fate of absorbed zinc within the body. Queen Elizabeth College. London University. London.

  • Antholz, B., A.W. Meyer and C.D. Zander. 1991. Feeding activities of two euryhaline small-sized fish in a western Baltic brackish fjord. Helgolander Meeresuntersuchungen, 45(3): 287-300.

  • Araujo, F.G., R.G. Bailey and W.P. Williams. 1999. Spatial and temporal variations in fish populations in the upper Thames estuary. Journal of Fish Biology, 55(4): 836-853.

  • Armantrout, N.B. 1980. The freshwater fishes of Iran. Oregon State University. Department of Fisheries: 472.

  • Arnqvist, G. and S. Henriksson. 1997. Sexual cannibalism in the fishing spider and a model for the evolution of sexual cannibalism based on genetic constraints. Evolutionary Ecology, 11(3): 255-273.

  • Arnqvist, G. and F. Johansson. 1998. Ontogenetic reaction norms of predator-induced defensive morphology in dragonfly larvae. Ecology, 79(6): 1847-1858.

  • Audet, C., G. FitzGerald and H. Guderley. 1983. Environmental and endogenous control of salinity preferences of two sympatric species of sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus and Apeltes quadracus. 67th Annual Meeting of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, Chicago.

  • Audet, C., G.J. Fitzgerald and H. Guderley. 1985. Prolactin and cortisol control of salinity preferences in Gasterosteus aculeatus and Apeltes quadracus. Behaviour, 93(1-4): 36-55.

  • Audet, C., G.J. FitzGerald and H. Guderley. 1985. Salinity preferences of four sympatric species of sticklebacks (Pisces: Gasterosteidae) during their reproductive season. Copeia, 1985(1): 209-213.

  • Audet, C., G.J. Fitzgerald and H. Guderley. 1986. Photoperiod effects on plasma cortisol levels in Gasterosteus aculeatus. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 61(1): 76-81.

  • Audet, C., G.J. FitzGerald and H. Guderley. 1986. Environmental control of salinity preferences in four sympatric species of sticklebacks: Gasterosteus aculeatus, Gasterosteus wheatlandi, Pungitius pungitius and Apeltes quadracus. Journal of Fish Biology, 28(6): 725-739.

  • Axelsson, B. and L. Norrgren. 1991. Parasite frequency and liver anomalies in three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus (L.), after long-term exposure to pulp mill effluents in marine microcosms. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 21(4): 505-513.

  • Ayvazian, S.G. and W.H. Krueger. 1992. Lateral plate ontogeny in the North American ninespine stickleback, Pungitius occidentalis. Copeia, 1992(1): 209-214.

  • Ayvazian, S.G. 1993. Observations of asymmetric reproduction along a morphocline of the blackspotted stickleback, Gasterosteus wheatlandi. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 71(7): 1477-1479. top

    B

  • Baden, S.P. and L. Pihl. 1984. Abundance, biomass and production of mobile epibenthic fauna in Zostera marina (L.) meadows, western Sweden. Ophelia, 23(1): 65-90.

  • Baerends, G.P. 1985. Do the dummy experiments with sticklebacks support the IRM-concept? Behaviour, 93(1-4): 258-278.

  • Baggerman, B. 1972. Photoperiodic responses in the stickleback and their control by a daily rhythm of photosensitivity, General and Comparative Endocrinology, 3(Supplement 1): 466-476.

  • Baggerman, B. 1983. Daily and annual biological rhythms underlying reproductive photoperiodicity in the stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus L. 113th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society, Milwaukee, WI (USA).

  • Baggerman, B. 1985. The role of biological rhythms in the photoperiodic regulation of seasonal breeding in the stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Netherlands Journal of Zoology, 31(1-2): 14-31.

  • Baggerman, B. 1989. On the relationship between gonadal development and response time to photostimulation of sticklebacks living under natural conditions and under constant short-day conditions for long periods of time. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 67(1): 126-135.

  • Bahlo, K. 1988. The fish fauna of smaller running waters in the district of Northeim (South Lower Saxony) with notes on its endangering. Braunschw. Naturkd. Schr., 3(1): 121-135.

  • Baillie, S.J. 1994. Summary of the 1993 coho salmon smolt trapping operations on the Lachmach River, British Columbia. Can. Data Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci.,(936): 1-48.

  • Baker, J.A. 1994. Life history variation in female threespine stickleback. In M. A. Bell and S. A. Foster. Ed.^Eds. Evolutionary biology of the threespine stickleback. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 1: 145-187.

  • Baker, J.A., S.A. Foster and M.A. Bell. 1995. Armor morphology and reproductive output in threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 44(1-3): 225-233.

  • Baker, J.A., S.A. Foster, D.C. Heins, M.A. Bell and R.W. King. 1998. Variation in female life-history traits among Alaskan populations of the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. (Pisces: Gasterosteidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 63(1): 141-159.

  • Baker, J.A. 1998. The Allometry of Reproduction in Female Threespine Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). University of Arkansas.

  • Baker, J.M.R. 1999. Abundance and survival rates of great crested newts (Triturus cristatus) at a pond in central England: Monitoring individuals. Herpetological Journal, 9(1): 1-8.

  • Bakker, T.C.M. and P. Sevenster. 1983. Determinants of dominance in male sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.). Behaviour, 86(1-2): 55-70.

  • Bakker, T.C.M. 1985. Two-way selection for aggression in juvenile, female and male sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.), with some notes on hormonal factors. Behaviour, 93(1-4): 69-81.

  • Bakker, T.C.M. and P. Sevenster. 1988. Plate morphs of Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus (Pisces: Gasterosteidae): Comments on terminology. Copeia, 1988(3): 659-663.

  • Bakker, T.C.M. and E. Feuth De Bruijn. 1988. Juvenile territoriality in stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Animal Behavior, 36(5): 1556-1558.

  • Bakker, T.C.M. and P. Sevenster. 1989. Changes in the sexual tendency accompanying selection for aggressiveness in the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Journal of Fish Biology, 34(2): 233-243.

  • Bakker, T.C.M., E. Feuth De Bruijn and P. Sevenster. 1989. Asymmetrical effects of prior winning and losing on dominance in sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus ). Ethology, 82(3): 224-229.

  • Bakker, T.C.M. and M. Milinski. 1991. Sequential female choice and the previous male effect in sticklebacks. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 29(3): 205-210.

  • Bakker, T.C.M. 1992. Female mating preference and preferred male trait show positive genetic correlation in stickleback. Fourth International Behavioral Ecology Congress, Princeton NJ (USA).

  • Bakker, T.C.M. and M. Milinski. 1993. The advantages of being red: sexual selection in the stickleback. Marine Behaviour and Physiology, 23(1-4): 287-300.

  • Bakker, T.C.M. 1993. Positive genetic correlation between female preference and preferred male ornament in sticklebacks. Nature, 363(6426): 255-257.

  • Bakker, T.C.M. 1994. Genetic correlations and the control of behavior, exemplified by aggressiveness in sticklebacks. Advances in the Study of Behavior, 23: 135-171.

  • Bakker, T.C.M. 1994. Evolution of aggressive behaviour in the threespine stickleback. In M. A. Bell and S. A. Foster. Ed.^Eds. Evolutionary biology of the threespine stickleback. Oxford University Press, Oxford. : 345-380.

  • Bakker, T.C.M. and B. Mundwiler. 1994. Female mate choice and male red coloration in a natural three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) population. Behavioral Ecology, 5(1): 74-80.

  • Bakker, T.C.M. and P. Sevenster. 1995. Sticklebacks as models for animal behaviour and evolution. Papers read at the Second International Symposium on Stickleback Behaviour. Part one. Behaviour, 132(13-14): 907-1105.

  • Bakker, T.C.M. and W.J. Rowland. 1995. Male mating preference in sticklebacks: effects of repeated testing and own attractiveness. Behaviour, 132(13-14): 935-949.

  • Bakker, T.C.M., D. Mazzi and S. Zala. 1997. Parasite-induced changes in behavior and color make Gammarus pulex more prone to fish predation. Ecology, 78(4): 1098-1104.

  • Bakker, T.C.M. and B. Mundwiler. 1999. Pectoral fin size in a fish species with paternal care: a condition-dependent sexual trait revealing infection status. Freshwater Biology, 41(3): 543-551.

  • Bakker, T.C.M., R. Kunzler and D. Mazzi. 1999. Sexual selection - Condition-related mate choice in sticklebacks. Nature, 401(6750): 234.

  • Balshine, E.S. and A. Lotem. 1998. Individual recognition in a cooperatively breeding cichlid: Evidence from video playback experiments. Behaviour, 135(3): 369-386.

  • Banbura, J. 1994. A new model of lateral plate morph inheritance in the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 88(6-7): 871-876.

  • Banbura, J. 1994. Lateral plate morph differentiation of freshwater and marine populations of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, in Poland. Journal of Fish Biology, 44(5): 773-783.

  • Banbura, J. and T.C.M. Bakker. 1995. Lateral plate morph genetics revisited: Evidence for a fourth morph in three-spined sticklebacks. Behaviour, 132(15/16): 1153-1171.

  • Barber, I. 2003. Parasites and size-assortative schooling in three-spined sticklebacks. Oikos, 101(2): ýý331-337.ý

  • Barber, I. and F.A. Huntingford. 1995. The effect of Schistocephalus solidus (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea) on the foraging and shoaling behaviour of three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Behaviour, 132(15/16): 1223-1240.

  • Barber, I., F.A. Huntingford and D.W.T. Crompton. 1995. The effect of hunger and cestode parasitism on the shoaling decisions of small freshwater fish. Journal of Fish Biology, 47(3): 524-536.

  • Barber, I. and F.A. Huntingford. 1996. Parasite infection alters schooling behaviour: Deviant positioning of helminth-infected minnows in conspecific groups. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences, 263: 1095-1102.

  • Barber, I. 1997. A non-invasive morphometric technique for estimating cestode plerocercoid burden in small freshwater fish. Journal of Fish Biology, 51(3): 654-658.

  • Barber, I. and G.D. Ruxton. 1998. Temporal prey distribution affects the competitive ability of parasitized sticklebacks. Animal Behavior, 56(6): 1477-1483.

  • Barber, I., L.C. Downey and V.A. Braithwaite. 1998. Parasitism, oddity and the mechanism of shoal choice. Journal of Fish Biology, 53(6): 1365-1368.

  • Barber, I., S.A. Arnott, V.A. Braithwaite, J. Andrew, W. Mullen, and F.A. Huntingford. 2000. Carotenoid-based sexual coloration and body condition in nesting male sticklebacks. Journal of Fish Biology, 57(3): 777-790.

  • Barber, I., P. Walker, P.A. Svensson. 2004. Behavioural Responses to Simulated Avian Predation in Female Three Spined Sticklebacks: The Effect of Experimental Schistocephalus Solidus Infections. Behaviour, 141(11/12): 1425-1441.

  • Bardsley, L. and T.J.C. Beebee. 1998. Interspecific competition between larvae is not an important structuring force in mixed communities of Rana and Bufo on an English sand-dune system. Ecography, 21(5): 449-456.

  • Barki, A. and G.L. Volpato. 1998. Early social environment and the fighting behaviour of young Oreochromis niloticus (Pisces, Cichlidae). Behaviour, 135(7): 913-929.

  • Barlow, G.W. 1994. Review of "The evolutionary biology of the threespine stickleback". Quarterly Review of Biology, 69: 494-498.

  • Barlow, G.W. and P. Siri. 1997. Does sexual selection account for the conspicuous head dimorphism in the Midas cichlid? Animal Behavior, 53(3): 573-584.

  • Barthelmes, D., K.D. Kuehnel, S. Ewald and P. Doering. 1998. Populations of fish and amphibians in limnologically different pond-like water bodies and some implications concerning their joint occurrence. Fischoekologie,(11): 35-46.

  • Bass, C.S. and J.S. Weis. 1999. Behavioral changes in the grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio (Holthuis), induced by the parasitic isopod, Probopyrus pandalicola (Packard). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 241(2): 223-233.

  • Batzer, D.P. and V.H. Resh. 1992. Macroinvertebrates of a California seasonal wetland and responses to experimental habitat manipulation. Wetlands, 12(1): 1-7.

  • Baube, C.L., W.J. Rowland and J.B. Fowler. 1995. The mechanisms of colour-based mate choice in female threespine sticklebacks: hue, contrast and configurational cues. Behaviour, 132(13-14): 979-996.

  • Baube, C.L. 1997. Manipulations of signalling environment affect male competitive success in three-spined sticklebacks. Animal Behavior, 53(4): 819-833.

  • Baumgartner, J.V. and M.A. Bell. 1984. Lateral plate morph variation in California populations of the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Evolution, 38(3): 665-674.

  • Baumgartner, J.V. 1986. The genetics of differentiation in a stream population of the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Heredity, 57(2): 199-208.

  • Baumgartner, J.V. 1987. Phenotypic and genetic aspects of morphological differentiation in the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Department of ecology and evolution. University of California. Sunny Brook: 179.

  • Baumgartner, J.V., M.A. Bell and P.H. Weinberg. 1988. Body form differences between the Enos Lake species pair of threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus complex). 66(2): 467-474.

  • Baumgartner, J.V. 1991. Spatial variation of morphology in a freshwater population of the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 70: 1140-1148.

  • Baumgartner, J.V. 1995. Phenotypic, genetic, and environmental integration of morphology in a stream population of the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 52(6): 1307-1317.

  • Beauchamp, D.A. 1994. Spatial and temporal dynamics of piscivory: Implications for food web stability and the transparency of Lake Washington. Lake Reservoir Management, 9(1): 151-154.

  • Beaver, B.J. and J.H. Gee. 1988. Role of water current and related variables in determining buoyancy in the sticklebacks Culaea inconstans and Pungitius pungitius. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 66(9): 2006-2014.

  • Beckedorf, R. and H.J. Schubert. 1995. [Function control of fishways at the dam of Geesthacht]. NIEDERSAECHSISCHES LANDESAMT FUER OEKOLOGIE, HILDESHEIM (FRG).

  • Beeching, S.C., S.H. Gross, H.S. Bretz and E. Hariatis. 1998. Sexual dichromatism in convict cichlids: the ethological significance of female ventral coloration. Animal Behavior, 56(4): 1021-1026.

  • Beklioglu, M. and B. Moss. 1998. The effects of tench (Tinca tinca (L.)) and sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) on planktonic and benthic communities in mesocosms in a shallow lake. Aquatic Ecology, 32(3): 229-240.

  • Belanger, G., H. Guderley and G.J. FitzGerald. 1987. Salinity during embryonic development influences the response to salinity of Gasterosteus aculeatus L. (trachurus ). 65(2): 451-454.

  • Bell, A.M. 2001. Effects of an endocrine disrupter on courtship and aggressive behaviour of male three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Animal Behaviour, 62(4): 775-780.

  • Bell, A.M. 2001. Gasterosteus aculeatus. Animal Behaviour, 62(4): 775-780.

  • Bell, A.M. 2004. An endocrine disrupter increases growth and risky behavior in threespined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Hormones and Behavior, 45 (2): 108-114.

  • Bell, M.A. 1973. Pleistocene threespine sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus (Pisces), from Southern California. Journal of Paleontology, 47(3): 479-483.

  • Bell, M.A. 1973. The pliocene stickleback, Pungitius haynesi, a junior synonym of Gasterosteus aculeatus. Copeia, 1973(3): 588-590.

  • Bell, M.A. 1976. Reproductive character displacement in threespine sticklebacks. Evolution, 30(4): 847-848.

  • Bell, M.A. 1976. Gasterosteus aculeatus superspecies on the pacific coast of North America. Systematic Zoology, 25: 211-227.

  • Bell, M.A. 1977. A late Miocene Threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculatus aculatus, and its zoogeography and evolutionary significance. Copeia, 1977(2): 277-282.

  • Bell, M.A. and T.R. Haglund. 1978. Selective predation of threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) by garter snakes. Evolution, 32(2): 304-319.

  • Bell, M.A. 1979. Low-plate morph of the three-spine stickleback breeding in salt water. Copeia, 1979(3): 529-533.

  • Bell, M.A. and K.E. Richkind. 1981. Clinical variation of lateral plates in threespine stickleback fish. American Naturalist, 117(2): 113-132.

  • Bell, M.A. 1981. Lateral plate polymorphism and ontogeny of the complete plate morph of threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus ). Evolution, 35(1): 67-74.

  • Bell, M.A. 1982. Differentiation of Adjacent Stream Populations of Threespine Sticklebacks. Evolution, 36(1): 189-199.

  • Bell, M.A. and T.R. Haglund. 1982. Fine-scale temporal variation of the Miocene stickleback Gasterosteus doryssus. Paleobiology, 8(3): 282-292.

  • Bell, M.A. 1982. Melanism in a high elevation of Gasterosteus aculeatus. Copeia, 1982(4): 829-835.

  • Bell, M.A. 1984. Gigantism in threespine sticklebacks: Implications for causation of body size evolution. Copeia, 1984(2): 530-534.

  • Bell, M.A. and J.V. Baumgartner. 1984. An unusual population of Gasterosteus aculeatus from Boston, Massachusetts. Copeia, 1984(1): 258-262.

  • Bell, M.A. 1984. Evolutionary phenetics and genetics: The threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus , and related species. In B. J. Turner. Ed.^Eds. Evolutionary Genetics of Fishes. : 431-527.

  • Bell, M.A. and E.I. Harris. 1985. Developmental osteology of the pelvic complex of Gasterosteus aculeatus. Copeia, 1985(3): 789-792.

  • Bell, M.A., J.F. Baumgartner and E.C. Olson. 1985. Patterns of temporal changes in single morphological characters of a Miocene stickleback fish. Paleobiology, 11(3): 258-271.

  • Bell, M.A. 1987. Interacting evolutionary constraints in pelvic reduction of threespine sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus (Pisces, Gasterosteidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 31(4): 347-382.

  • Bell, M.A., M.S. Sadagurskey and J.V. Baumgartner. 1987. Utility of lacustrine deposits for the study of variation within fossil samples. Palaios, 2: 455-466.

  • Bell, M.A. and P. Legendre. 1987. Multicharacter choronological clustering in a sequence of fossil sticklebacks. Systematic Zoology, 36(1): 52-61.

  • Bell, M.A. 1988. Stickleback fishes: Bridging the gap between population biology and paleobiology. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 3(12): 320-325.

  • Bell, M.A., C.E. Wells and J.A. Marshal. 1989. Mass-mortality layers of fossil stickleback fish: catastrophic kills of polymorphic schools. Evolution, 43(3): 607-619.

  • Bell, M.A., G. Orti, J.A. Walker and J.P. Koenings. 1992. Evolution of pelvic reduction in threespine stickleback fish: A test of competing hypotheses. Evolution, 47(3): 906-914.

  • Bell, M.A. and S.A. Foster. 1994. The evolutionary biology of the threespine stickleback. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

  • Bell, M.A. and S.A. Foster. 1994. Introduction to the evolutionary biology of the threespine stickleback. In M. A. Bell and S. A. Foster. Ed.^Eds. Evolutionary biology of the threespine stickleback. Oxford University Press, Oxford. : 1-27.

  • Bell, M.A. 1994. Palaeobiology and evolution of the threespine stickleback. In M. A. Bell and S. A. Foster. Ed.^Eds. Evolutionary biology of the threespine stickleback. Oxford University Press, Oxford. : 438-471.

  • Bell, M.A. and G. Orti. 1994. Pelvic reduction in threespine stickleback from Cook Inlet lakes: Geographical distribution and intrapopulation variation. Copeia, 1994(2): 314-325.

  • Bell, M.A. 1995. Intraspecific systematics of Gasterosteus aculeatus populations: Implications for behavioral ecology. Behaviour, 132(15-16): 1131-1152.

  • Bell, M.A. 1995. Sticklebacks: A model for behavior evolution. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 10(3): 101-103.

  • Bell, M.A. 1995. The ecology of resource polymorphism in vertebrates. Trends In Ecology and Evolution, 11(1): 25-26.

  • Bell, M.A. 1996. The ecology of resource polymorphism in vertebrates. Trends In Ecology and Evolution, 11(1): 25-26.

  • Bell, M.A. and C.A. Andrews. 1997. Evolutionary consequences of postglacial colonization of fresh water by primitively anadromous fishes. Exs, 82: 323-363.

  • Belles, I.J.C., D. Cloutier and G.J. Fitzgerald. 1990. Female cannibalism and male courtship tactics in threespine sticklebacks. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 26(5): 363-368.

  • Belles, I.J.C. and G.J. FitzGerald. 1991. Filial cannibalism in sticklebacks: a reproductive management strategy? Ethology Ecology and Evolution, 3(1): 49-62.

  • Belles, I.J.C. and G.J. Fitzgerald. 1993. A fitness advantage of cannibalism in female sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.). Ethology Ecology and Evolution, 5(2): 187-191.

  • Benjamin, M. 1978. Cytological changes in prolactin, ACTH, and growth hormone cells of the pituitary gland of Pungitius pungitius L. in response to increased environmental salinities. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 36(1): 48-58.

  • Benjamin, M. 1979. Comparative ultrastructural studies on the prolactin cells in the pituitary of nine-spined sticklebacks, Pungitius pungitius L., with and without adenohypophyseal cysts. Zoomorphologie, 93(2): 125-135.

  • Benjamin, M. 1980. A correlation between pituitary and integumentary structure in the nine-spined stickleback, Pungitius pungitius L. Acta Zoologica, 61(2): 105-109.

  • Benjamin, M. 1981. Factors Associated With the Seasonal Variation in the Incidence of Pituitary Cysts in Nine-Spined Sticklebacks, Pungitius pungitius L. Acta Zoologica, 62(2): 121-128.

  • Benjamin, M. 1981. The origin of pituitary cysts in the rostral pars distalis of the nine-spined stickleback, Pungitius pungitius L. Cell and Tissue Research, 214(2): 417-430.

  • Benjamin, M. 1982. The ACTH cells in the pituitary gland of the nine-spined stickleback, Pungituis pungitius L. Journal of Anatomy, 135(1): 155-164.

  • Benjamin, M. 1985. Experimental studies on cysts in the prolactin zone of the pituitary in the 9-spined stickleback, Pungitius pungitius L. Journal of Comparative Pathology, 95(1): 57-64.

  • Benjamin, M. 1985. A dissecting aneurysm in the bulbus arteriosus of a brook stickleback, Culaea inconstans. Journal of Comparative Pathology, 95(1): 37-43.

  • Benjamin, M. and J.G. Williams. 1979. Pituitary cysts in the nine-spined stickleback, Pungitius pungitius L. 1. Seasonal changes and salinity transfer experiments. Acta Zoologica, 60(4): 233-240.

  • Benjamin, M. and J.G. Williams. 1979. Pituitary cysts in the nine-spined stickleback, Pungitius pungitius L. 2. Light and electron microscopy. Acta Zoologica, 60(4): 241-250.

  • Benjamin, M., D. Norman, R.M. Santer and D. Scarborough. 1983. Histological, histochemical and ultrastructural studies on the bulbus arteriosus of the sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus and Pungitius pungitius (Pisces: Teleostei). Journal of Zoology, 200(3): 325-346.

  • Benjamin, M.G., E.E. Moodie and D. Cone. 1987. Pituitary cysts and concretions in the Gasterosteidae (Teleostei). Journal of Comparative Pathology, 97: 149-157.

  • Bennike, O. 1997. Quaternary vertebrates from Greenland: A review. Quaternary Science Reviews, 16(8): 899-909.

  • Bentzen, P. and J.D. McPhail. 1984. Ecology and evolution of sympatric sticklebacks (Gasterosteus ): Specialization for alternative trophic niches in the Enos Lake species pair. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 62(11): 2280-2286.

  • Bentzen, P., M.S. Ridgway and J.D. McPhail. 1984. Ecology and evolution of sympatric sticklebacks (Gasterosteous ): Spatial segregation and seasonal habitat shifts in the Enos Lake species pair. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 62(12): 2436-2439.

  • Berg, L.S. 1907. A review of the species of the ten-spined sticklebacks or Pygosteus from East Asia. Proc. U.S. Nation. Mus., 32(1536): 451-454.

  • Berg, O.K. 1984. Comparison between the distributions of land-locked Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. and three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus L. in the river Namsen, Norway. Fauna Norvegica, Series A, 5: 37-41.

  • Berg, S., C. Krog, B. Muus, J. Nielsen, R. Fricke, R. Berghahn, T. Neudecker and W.J. Wolff. 1995. Red list of lampreys and marine fishes of the Wadden Sea. Red Lists of Biotopes, Flora and Fauna of Trilateral Wadden Sea Area, 50(Suppl): 101-105.

  • Bergeron, E., L.N. Measures and J. Huot. 1997. Experimental transmission of Otostrongylus circumlitus (Railliet, 1899) (Metastrongyloidea: Crenosomatidae), a lungworm of seals in eastern arctic Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 75(9): 1364-1371.

  • Bergersen, R. and A. Klemetsen. 1988. Freshwater eel Anguilla anguilla (L.) from North Norway, with emphasis on occurrence, food, age and downstream migration. Nordic Journal of Freshwater Research, 64: 54-66.

  • Bergersen, R. 1993. Freshwater fish and invertebrates of Qorlortorsuaq, Vatnahverfi, south Greenland. Tromura Naturvitenskap, 73: 1-71.

  • Bergersen, R. 1996. Sticklebacks from Greenland. Journal of Fish Biology, 48(4): 799-801.

    Bergstrom, C. and T. E. Reimchen. 2000. Functional implications of fluctuating asymmetry among endemic populations of Gasterosteus aculeatus . Behavior, 137: 1097-1112.

    Bergstrom, C.A. , and T.E. Reimchen. 2002. Geographical variation in asymmetry in Gasterosteus aculeatus. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 77: 9-22

  • Bernardo, J., W.J. Resetarits, Jr. and A.E. Dunbam. 1995. Criteria for testing character displacement. Science, 268(5213): 1065-1066.

  • Bernatchez, L., J.A. Vuorinen, R.A. Bodaly and J.J. Dodson. 1996. Genetic evidence for reproductive isolation and multiple origins of sympatric trophic ecotypes of whitefish (Coregonus). Evolution, 50(2): 624-635.

  • Bernatchez, L., A. Chouinard and G.Q. Lu. 1999. Integrating molecular genetics and ecology in studies of adaptive radiation: whitefish, Coregonus sp., as a case study. Biological Journal Of The Linnean Society, 68(1-2): 173-194.

  • Berrie, A.D. and B.J. Boize. 1983. The fish hosts of Unio glochidia in the River Thames. Conference Proceedings of the International Association of Theoretical and Applie Limnology, France.

  • Bertin, L. 1925. Researches bionomiques, biometriques et systematiques sur les epinoches. Ann. Inst. Oceanogr., Monaco.

  • Berube, M. and M.A. Curtis. 1986. Transmission of Diphyllobothrium ditremum to Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus ) in two subarctic Quebec lakes. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 43(8): 1626-1634.

  • Bervoets, L., R. Blust and R. Verheyen. 2001. Accumulation of Metals in the Tissues of Three Spined Stickelback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from Natural Fresh Waters. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 48(2): 117-127.

  • Bianco, P.G. 1979. On the presence of Gasterosteus aculeatus in the Penisola Salentina (Pisces Gasterosteidae). Natura, 70(1-2): 76-80.

  • Bianco, P.G. 1980. Range in Italy, record from calabria and origin of Mediterranean populations of Gasterosteus aculeatus L. (Pisces, Gasterosteidae). Bollettino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona, 7: 197-216.

  • Bianco, G. and T. Taraborelli. 1988. Freshwater fishes from the Mediterranean islands and presence of Gasterosteus aculeatus (phenotype semiarmatus ) from Sardinia island. Bulletin of Ecology, 19(2-3): 247-254.

  • Bianco, P.G., B.G. Osella, M. Biondi, C. Di Marco and M. Riti. 1997. Researches in the Peligna Valley (Central Italy, Abruzzo): 32. Cyclostomes and fish. Quaderni di Provinciaoggi, 23: 607-624.

  • Billerbeck, J.N., G. Orti and D.O. Conover. 1997. Latitudinal variation in vertebral number has a genetic basis in the Atlantic silverside, Menidia menidia. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 54(8): 1796-1801.

  • Binz, T., T.B.H. Reusch, C. Wedekind, and M. Milinski. 2001. SSCP analysis of Mhc class II B genes in the threespine stickleback. Journal of Fish Biology, 58(3): 887-890.

  • Birtwell, L.K., M. Wood and D.K. Gordon. 1984. Fish diets and benthic invertebrates in the estuary of the Somass River, Port Alberni, British Columbia. Can. Manuscr. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci.,(58): 1799.

  • Bishop, T.D. and J.A. Brown. 1992. Threat-sensitive foraging by larval threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus ). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 31(2): 133-138.

  • Blanke, D. 1994. Zur Fischfauna (Pisces) von kleinen Fliessgewassern und Graben zwischen Gottingen und Northeim (Sudniedersachsen). Goettinger Naturkundliche Schriften, 3: 79-88.

  • Blenkinsopp, S.A., G. Sergy, K. Doe, G. Wohlgeschaffen, K. Li and M. Fingas. 1996. Toxicity of the weathered crude oil used at the Newfoundland offshore burn experiment (NOBE) and the resultant burn residue. Spill Science and Technology Bulletin, 3(4): 277-280.

  • Blouw, D.M. and D.W. Hagen. 1981. Ecology of the Fourspine Stickleback, Apeltes quadracus , With Respect to a Polymorphism for Dorsal Spine Number. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 59(9): 1677-1692.

  • Blouw, D.M. and D.W. Hagen. 1984. The adaptive significance of dorsal spine variation in the fourspine stickleback, Apeltes quadracus. 4. Phenotypic covariation with closely related species. Heredity, 53(2): 383-396.

  • Blouw, D.M. and D.W. Hagen. 1984. The adaptive significance of dorsal spine variation in the fourspine stickleback, Apeltes quadracus. 3. Correlated traits and experimental evidence on predation. Heredity, 53(2): 371-382.

  • Blouw, D.M. and D.W. Hagen. 1984. The adaptive significance of dorsal spine variation in the fourspine stickleback, Apeltes quadracus. 1. Geographic variation in spine number. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 62(7): 1329-1339.

  • Blouw, D.M. and D.W. Hagen. 1984. The adaptive significance of dorsal spine variation in the fourspine stickleback, Apeltes quadracus. 2. Phenotype environment correlations. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 62(7): 1340-1350.

  • Blouw, D.M. and D.W. Hagen. 1987. The adaptive significance of dorsal spine variation in the fourspine stickleback, Apeltes quadracus. V. Temporal variation. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65(11): 2651-2660.

  • Blouw, D.M. and D.W. Hagen. 1990. Breeding ecology and evidence of reproductive isolation of a widespread stickleback fish (Gasterosteidae) in Nova Scotia, Canada. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 39(3): 195-218.

  • Blouw, D.M. and G.J. Boyd. 1992. Inheritance of reduction, loss, and asymmetry of the pelvis in Pungitius pungitius (ninespine stickleback). Heredity, 68(1): 33-42.

  • Blouw, D.M. 1996. Evolution of offspring desertion in a stickleback fish. Ecoscience, 3(1): 18-24.

  • Bolduc, F. and G.J. FitzGerald. 1989. The role of selected environmental factors and sex ratio upon egg production in threespine sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 67(8): 2013-2020.

  • Bolger, T., J.J. Bracken and H.A. Dauod. 1990. The feeding relationships of brown trout, minnow and three-spined stickleback in an upland reservoir system. Hydrobiologia, 208(3): 169-186.

  • Bollens, S.M. and B.W. Frost. 1989. Predator-induced diel vertical migration in a planktonic copepod. Journal of Plankton Research, 11(5): 1047-1065.

  • Bollens, S.M. and B.W. Frost. 1991. Diel vertical migration in zooplankton: Rapid individual response to predators. Journal of Plankton Research, 13(6): 1359-1365.

  • Bollens, S.M. and D.E. Stearns. 1992. Predator-induced changes in the diel feeding cycle of a planktonic copepod. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 156(2): 179-186.

  • Bollens, S.M., B.W. Frost and J.R. Cordell. 1994. Chemical, mechanical and visual cues in the vertical migration behavior of the marine planktonic copepod Acartia hudsonica. Journal of Plankton Research, 16(5): 555-564.

  • Bolliet, V. and M.A. Ali. 1992. Immunohistochemical study of the development of serotoninergic neurons in the brain of the brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis. Brain Behavior and Evolution, 40(5): 234-249.

  • Bolyard, K.J. and W.J. Rowland. 1996. Context-dependent response to red coloration in stickleback. Animal Behavior, 52(5): 923-927.

  • Bolyard, K.J. and W.J. Rowland. 1997. Fighting experience and agonistic behaviour of three-spine sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus. XXV International Ethological Conference, Vienna (Austria).

  • Bonga, S.E.W., J.A. Greven and M. Veenhuis. 1977. Vascularization, innervation, and ultrastructure of the endocrine cell types of Stannius corpuscles in the teleost Gasterosteus aculeatus. Journal of Morpholology, 153(2): 225-244.

  • Bonga, S.E.W. and J.A.A. Greven. 1978. The relationship between prolactin cell activity, environmental calcium, and plasma calcium in the teleost Gasterosteus aculeatus. Observations on stanniectomized fish, General and Comparative Endocrinology, 36(1): 90-101.

  • Borg, B. 1981. Effects of Methyltestosterone on Spermatogenesis and Secondary Sexual Characters in the Three-Spined Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.). General and Comparative Endocrinology, 44(2): 177-180.

  • Borg, B. 1985. Field studies on three-spined sticklebacks in the Baltic. Behaviour, 93(1-4): 153-157.

  • Borg, B., G. Paulson and J. Peute. 1986. Stimulatory effects of methyltestosterone on pituitary gonadotropic cells and testes Leydig cells of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L., in winter. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 62(1): 54-61.

  • Borg, B., R.J.M. Timmers and J.G.D. Lambert. 1987. Aromatase activity in the brain of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus . 2. Effects of castration in winter. Experimental Biology, 47(2): 69-71.

  • Borg, B., J. Peute, M. Reschke and R. Van Den Hurk. 1987. Effects of photoperiod and temperature on testes, renal epithelium, and pituitary gonadotropic cells of the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65(1): 14-19.

  • Borg, B., R.J.M. Timmers and J.G.D. Lambert. 1987. Aromatase activity in the brain of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus . 1. Distribution and effects of season and photoperiod. Experimental Biology, 47(2): 63-68.

  • Borg, B., J. Peute and G. Paulson. 1988. Seasonal changes in the gonadotropic cells of the male threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 66(9): 1961-1967.

  • Borg, B., E. Andersson, I. Mayer, M.A. Zandbergen and J. Peute. 1989. Effects of castration on pituitary gonadotropic cells on the male three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L., under long photoperiod in winter: Indications for a positive feedback. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 76(1): 12-18.

  • Borg, B., E. Andersson, I. Mayer and J.G. Lambert. 1989. Aromatase activity in the brain of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. III. Effects of castration under different conditions and of replacement with different androgens. Experimental Biology, 48(3): 149-152.

  • Borg, B., W. Schoonen and J.G.D. Lambert. 1989. Steroid metabolism in the testes of the breeding and nonbreeding three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 73(1): 40-45.

  • Borg, B. 1991. Androgens in the three-spined stickleback; Gasterosteus aculeatus. Proceedings of the fourth international symposium on the reproductive physiology of fish, University of East Anglia, Norwich, U.K.

  • Borg, B., I. Mayer, J. Lambert, J. Granneman and R. Schulz. 1992. Metabolism of androstenedione and 11-ketotestosterone in the kidney of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 86(2): 248-256.

  • Borg, B., E. Antonopoulou, E. Anderson, T. Carlberg and I. Mayer. 1993. Effectiveness of several androgens in stimulating kidney hypertrophy, a secondary sexual character, in castrated male three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 71(11): 2327-2329.

  • Borg, B. 1994. Androgens in teleost fishes. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C Pharmacology Toxicology and Endocrinology, 109(3): 219-245.

  • Borg, B. and I. Mayer. 1995. Androgens and behaviour in the three-spined stickleback. Behaviour, 132(13-14): 1025-1035.

  • Borg, B., C. Bornestaf, A. Hellqvist, M. Schmitz, and I. Mayer. 2004. Mechanisms in the Photoperiodic Control of Reproduction in the Stickleback. Behaviour, 141(11/12): 1521-1530.

  • Bornestaf, C., E. Antonopoulou, I. Mayer and B. Borg. 1995. Effects of aromatase inhibitors on sexual maturation in three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Proceedings of Fifth International Symposium OnReproductive Physiology of Fish, University of Texas At Austin.

  • Bornestaf, C., E. Antonopoulou, I. Mayer and B. Borg. 1997. Effects of aromatase inhibitors on reproduction in male three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus, exposed to long and short photoperiods. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 16(5): 419-423.

  • Bornestaf, C., I. Mayer, and B. Borg 2001. Melatonin and Maturation Pace in Female Three-Spined Stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 122(3): 341-348.

  • Borroni, I. 1975. [Presence of the stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) in the basin of the River Toce (Piedmont): structure, characteristis of the cutaneous armour and origin of populations]. Mem. Ist. Ital. Idrobiol, 32: 333-348.

  • Bossart, J.L. and D.P. Prowell. 1998. Genetic estimates of population structure and gene flow: limitations, lessons and new directions. Trends In Ecology and Evolution, 13(5): 202-206.

  • Boule, V. and G.J. FitzGerald. 1989. Effects of constant and fluctuating temperatures on egg production in the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 67(6): 1599-1602.

  • Bourgeois, J.F., D.M. Blouw, J.P. Koenings and M.A. Bell. 1994. Multivariate analysis of geographic covariance between phenotypes and environments in the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, from the Cook Inlet area, Alaska. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 72(8): 1497-1509.

  • Bowne, P.S. 1985. The systematic position of Gasterostiformes. Department of Zoology. University of Alberta. Edmonton: 461.

  • Bowne, P.S. 1994. Systematics and morphology of Gasterosteiformes. In M. A. Bell and S. A. Foster. Ed.^Eds. Evolutionary biology of the threespine stickleback. University Press, Oxford. : 28-60.

  • Brainerd, E.L. and S.N. Patek. 1998. Vertebral column morphology, C-start curvature, and the evolution of mechanical defenses in tetraodontiform fishes. Copeia, 1998(4): 971-984.

  • Braithwaite, V.A. and L. Odling-Smee. 1999. The paradox of the stickleback: different yet the same. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 14(12): 460-461.

  • Breden, F. and K. Hornaday. 1994. Test of indirect models of selection in the Trinidad guppy. Heredity, 73(3): 291-297.

  • Brinon, J.G., R. Arevalo, E. Weruaga, C. Crespo, J.R. Alonso and J. Aijon. 1998. Tyrosine hydroxylase-like immunoreactivity in the brain of the teleost fish Tinca tinca. Archives Italiennes De Biologie, 136(1): 17-44.

  • Bronseth, T. and I. Folstad. 1997. The effect of parasites on courtship dance in threespine sticklebacks: more than meets the eye? Canadian Journal of Zoology, 75(4): 589-594.

  • Brooks, D.R. 1992. New distribution records for Bunodera eucaliae and Bunodera inconstans n. comb. (Digenea: Allocreadiidae: Bunoderinae) with discussion of their phylogenetic relationships. Journal of Parasitology, 78(5): 779-783.

  • Brooks, D.R., D.A. McLennan, J.M. Carpenter, S.G. Weller and J.A. Coddington. 1995. Systematics, ecology, and behavior - Integrating phylogenetic patterns and evolutionary mechanisms. Bioscience, 45(10): 687-695.

  • Brooks, R. and N. Caithness. 1995. Does a male's attractiveness to a female depend on her previous experience? South African Journal of Science, 91(3): 156-158.

  • Brown, L.R. and P.B. Moyle. 1991. Changes in habitat and microhabitat partitioning within an assemblage of stream fishes in response to predation by Sacramento squawfish ( Ptychocheilus grandis ). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 48(5): 849-856.

  • Brown, G.E., D.P. Chivers and R.J.F. Smith. 1995. Fathead minnows avoid conspecific and heterospecific alarm pheromones in the faeces of northern pike. Journal of Fish Biology, 47(3): 387-393.

  • Brown, G.E. and R.J.F. Smith. 1996. Foraging trade-offs in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas, Osteichthyes, Cyprinidae): Acquired predator recognition in the absence of an alarm response. Ethology, 102(9): 776-785.

  • Brown, G.E. and J.G.J. Godin. 1997. Anti-predator responses to conspecific and heterospecific skin extracts by threespine sticklebacks: Alarm pheromones revisited. Behaviour, 16: 1123-1134.

  • Brown, C. and K. Warburton. 1997. Predator recognition and anti-predator responses in the rainbowfish Melanotaenia eachamensis. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 41(1): 61-68.

  • Brown, C. and K. Warburton. 1999. Differences in timidity and escape responses between predator-naive and predator-sympatric rainbowfish populations. Ethology, 105(6): 491-502.

  • Brunken, H. 1984. The ichthyofauna of the "Grosser Graben" area in Lower Saxony. Braunschweiger Naturkundliche Schriften, 2(1): 219-235.

  • Brush, A.H. and H.M. Reisman. 1965. The carotenoid pigments in the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 14(1): 121-125.

  • Bubinas, A. 1979. Feeding of non food-fishes in the Kaunas hydro-electric plant reservoir in 1972-1975. (1. Gasterosteus aculeatus (L.) and Pungitius pungitius (L.)). Tr. Akad. Nauk Litovsk. SSR, Ser. C, 3(87): 85-93.

  • Buckland, N.J. and T. Reimchen. 1994. A novel association between an endemic stickleback and a parasitic dinoflagellate. 3. Details of the life cycle. SELECTED PAPERS OF THE TENTH BIENNIAL MEETING OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR EVOLUTIONARY PROTISTOLOGY. Archiv fuer Protistenkunde, 145(3-4).

    Buckland-Nicks, J. and T.E. Reimchen 1995. A novel association between an endemic stickleback and a parasitic dinoflagellate. 3: Details of the life cycle. Arch. Protistenkd. 145: 165-175.

    Buckland-Nicks, J., T.E. Reimchen and F.J.R. Taylor. 1990. A novel association between an  endemic stickleback and a parasitic dinoflagellate: Morphology and life cycle. J. of Phycology 26: 539-548.

  • Buckland, N.J., T.E. Reimchen and D.J. Garbary. 1997. Haidadinium ichthyophilum gen. nov. et sp. nov. (Phytodiniales, Dinophyceae), a freshwater ectoparasite on stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from the Queen Charlotte Islands, Canada. Canadian Journal of Botany, 75(11): 1936-1940.

  • Budaev, S.V. 1997. Alternative styles in the European wrasse, Symphodus ocellatus: Boldness-related schooling tendency. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 49(1): 71-78.

  • Budnikova, L.L. 1995. Amphipods in the diet of smolt chum salmon and some other fishes in Kalininka Bay, southwestern Sakhalin. Russian Journal of Biology, 20(3): 143-147.

  • Bugaev, V.F. 1992. Threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, of the Kamchatka River basin. Journal of Ichthyology, 32(9): 43-57.

  • Bumann, D. and J. Krause. 1993. Front individuals lead in shoals of three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) and juvenile roach (Rutilus rutilus). Behaviour, 125(3-4): 189-198.

  • Burghardt, G.M. and M.A. Krause. 1999. Plasticity of foraging behavior in garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis) reared on different diets. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 113(3): 277-285.

  • Burks, D.J., D.A. Scantland, R.S. Sinclair and J.H. Woolpy. 1985. Geographic variation in agonistic responses of territorial male brook sticklebacks, Culaea inconstans. Ohio Journal of Science, 85(1): 23-29.

  • Burton, D. 1978. Melanophore distribution within the integumentary tissues of two teleost species, Pseudopleuronectes americanus and Gasterosteus aculeatus form leiurus. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 56(4 Part 1): 526-535.

  • Burton, D. 1979. Sexual dimorphism in the integumentary tissues of threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculaaetus form leiurus. Copeia, 1979(2): 533-535.

  • Bush, S.L. 1996. Why is double clutching rare in the Majorcan midwife toad? Animal Behavior, 52(5): 913-922.

  • Bush, S.L., M.L. Dyson and T.R. Halliday. 1996. Selective phonotaxis by males in the Majorcan midwife toad. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences, 263(1372): 913-917.

  • Buth, D.G. and T.R. Haglund. 1994. Allozyme variation in the Gasterosteus aculeatus complex. In M. A. Bell and S. A. Foster. Ed.^Eds. Evolutionary biology of the threespine stickleback. Oxford University Press, Oxford. : 61-84.

  • Buth, D.G., C.B. Crabtree, R.D. Orton and W.J. 1984. Rainboth Genetic differentiation between the freshwater subspecies of Gasterosteus aculeatus in Southern California. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 12(4): 423-432.

  • Byun, S.A., B.F. Koop and T.E. Reimchen. 1997. North American black bear mtDNA phylogeography: Implications for morphology and the Haida Gwaii glacial refugium controversy. Evolution, 51(5): 1647-1653. top

    C

  • Caldecutt, W.J. and D.C. Adams. 1998. Morphometrics of trophic osteology in the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Copeia, 1998(4): 827-838.

  • Campbell, R.N., R.B. Williamson and J. Morton Boyd. 1979. The fishes of inland waters in the Outer Hebrides. Proc. R. Soc. Edinb., Sect. B, 77: 377-393.

  • Campbell, R.N. and R.B. Williamson. 1983. Salmon and freshwater fishes of the Inner Hebrides. Proceedings of the symposium on the Natural Environment of The Inner Hebrides. Edinburgh, UK. 24-25 Sep 1981. Proc. R. Soc. Edinb. Sect. B., 83: 245-265.

  • Campbell, R.N. 1985. Morphological variation in the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus ) in Scotland. Behaviour, 93(1-4): 161-168.

  • Campbell, C.E. and R. Knoechel. 1990. Distribution patterns of vertebrate and invertebrate planktivores in Newfoundland lakes with evidence of predator-prey and competitive interactions. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 68(7): 1559-1567.

  • Campbell, C.E. 1991. Prey selectivities of threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) and phantom midge larvae (Chaoborus spp.) in Newfoundland lakes. Freshwater Biology, 25(1): 155-168.

  • Campbell, C.E. 1992. Fourspine Stickleback, Apeltes quadracus , from a freshwater lake on the Avalon Peninsula of eastern Newfoundland. Canadian field naturalist, 106(3): 400-402.

  • Candolin, U. 1997. Predation risk affects courtship and attractiveness of competing threespine stickleback males. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 41(2): 81-87.

  • Candolin, U. 1998. Reproduction under predation risk and the trade-off between current and future reproduction in the threespine stickleback. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences, 265(1402): 1171-1175.

  • Candolin, U. 1999. Male-male competition facilitates female choice in sticklebacks. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences, 266(1421): 785-789.

  • Candolin, U. 1999. The relationship between signal quality and physical condition: is sexual signalling honest in the three-spined. Animal Behaviour, 58 (6): 1261-1267.

  • Candolin, U. 2000. Changes in expression and honesty of sexual signalling over the reproductive lifetime of sticklebacks. – Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B 267, 2425-2430.

  • Candolin, U. 2000. Male-male competition ensures honest signaling of male parental ability in the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. - Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 49, 57-61.

  • Candolin, U. 2000. Increased signalling effort when survival prospects decrease: male-male competition ensures honesty - Animal Behaviour 60: 417-422.

  • Candolin, U. 2004. Effects of Algae Cover on Egg Acquisition in Male Three-Spined Stickleback. Behaviour, 141(11/12): 1389-1400.

  • Candolin, U. and H.R. Voigt. 1998. Predator-induced nest site preference: safe nests allow courtship in sticklebacks. Animal Behavior, 56(5): 1205-1211.

  • Candolin, U. and H.R. Voigt. 2001. Correlation between male size and territory quality: consequence of male competition or predation risk? – Oikos 95, 225-230.

  • Candolin, U. and H.R. Voigt. 2001. No effect of a parasite on reproduction in stickleback males: a laboratory artefact? – Parasitology 122, 457-464.

  • Candolin, U. and H.R. Voigt. 2003. Size-dependent selection on arrival times in sticklebacks: why small males arrive first. - Evolution 57:862-871.

  • Candolin, U. and H.R. Voigt. 2003. Do changes in risk-taking affect habitat shifts of sticklebacks? - Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 55, 42-49.

  • Capone, T.A. 1995. Mutual preference for large mates in green stink bugs, Acrosternum hilare (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Animal Behavior, 49(5): 1335-1344.

  • Carlberg, M. 1990. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylethylamine, L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine and 3,4,5-trihydroxyphenylalanine: oxidation and binding to membranes. A comparative study of a neurotransmitter, a precursor and a neurotransmitter candidate in primitive nervous systems. J. Neural. Transm. Gen. Sect., 81(2): 111-119.

  • Carvalho, G.R. and L. Hauser. 1998. Advances in the molecular analysis of fish population structure. Italian Journal of Zoology, 65(Suppl. S): 21-33.

  • Castonguay, M. and G.J. Fitzgerald. 1990. The ecology of the calanoid copepod Eurytemora affinis in salt marsh tide pools. Hydrobiologia, 202(3): 125-134.

  • Cavaco, J.E.B., H.F. Vischer, J.G.D. Lambert, H.J.T. Goes and R.W. Schulz. 1997. Mismatch between patterns of circulating and testicular androgens in African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 17(1-6): 155-162.

  • Cavaco, J.E.B., J.G.D. Lambert, R.W. Schulz and H.J.T. Goos. 1997. Pubertal development of male African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. In vitro steroidogenesis by testis and interrenal tissue and plasma levels of sexual steroids. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 16(2): 129-138.

  • Cavalcanti, M.J., L.R. Monteiro and P.R.D. Lopes. 1999. Landmark-based morphometric analysis in selected species of serranid fishes (Perciformes : Teleostei). Zoological Studies, 38(3): 287-294.

  • Chae, B.S. and H.J. Yang. 1990. Sexual dimorphism in eightspine stickleback, Pungitius sinensis: Gasterosteidae. Korean Journal of Zoology, 33(3): 260-265.

  • Chae, B.S. and H.J. Yang. 1993. Spawning and growth of eightspine stickleback, Pungitius sinensis kaibarae (Tanaka) (Gasterosteidae, Pisces), in the Chayang Stream, a tributary of Kumho River, Korea. Korean Journal of Zoology, 36(2): 181-192.

  • Chamberlain, R.H. and R.A. Barnhart. 1993. Early use by fish of a mitigation salt marsh, Humboldt Bay, California. Estuaries, 16(4): 769-783.

  • Chapleau, F., C.S. Findlay and E. Szenasy. 1997. Impact of piscivorous fish introductions on fish species richness of small lakes in Gatineau Park, Quebec. Ecoscience, 4(3): 259-268.

  • Chapman, M.R. and D.L. Kramer. 1996. Guarded resources: The effect of intruder number on the tactics and success of defenders and intruders. Animal Behavior, 52(1): 83-94.

  • Charbonneau, R. and V.H. Resh. 1992. Strawberry Creek on the University of California, Berkeley Campus: A case history of urban stream restoration. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 2(4): 293-307.

  • Charlesworth, B. 2004. Sex Determination: Primitive Y Chromosomes in Fish. Current Biology, 14(18): 745-747.

  • Chauvin, M.B. 1978. Reactions to models in three spined sticklebacks living in group. Biological Behavior, 3(3): 233-242.

  • Chauvin, M.B. 1979. Aggressive reactions of three-spined sticklebacks in coloured lights. C.R. Hebd. Seances Acad. Sci., Paris, Ser. D, 289(14): 1065-1067.

  • Chauvin, M.B. 1979. [The problem of genotypic fixation of aggressive behaviour in three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.)]. C.R. Hebd. Seances Acad. Sci., Paris, Ser. D, 289(13): 935-938.

  • Chauvin, M.B. and P.Y. Grelet. 1980. Importance of context in signal interpretation in three spined stickleback males. C. R. Hebd. Seances Acad. Sci. aris, Ser. D, 290(19): 1273-1275.

  • Chauvin, M.B. 1985. Complex manipulatory abilities in stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus ). Fifty Years Of Behaviour Study In Sticklebacks: Papers Read At The First International Conference On Stickleback Behaviour. Behaviour, 93(1-4): 150-152.

  • Chellappa, S. 1988. Energy reserves in male three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. (Pisces, Gasterosteidae): annual variation and relation to reproductive aggression. Glasgow University.

  • Chellappa, S., F.A. Huntingford, R.H.C. Strang and R.Y. Thomson. 1989. Annual variation in energy reserves in male three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. (Pisces, Gasterosteidae). Journal of Fish Biology, 35(2): 275-286.

  • Chellappa, S. and F.A. Huntingford. 1989. Depletion of energy reserves during reproductive aggression in male three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Journal of Fish Biology, 35(2): 315-316.

  • Chellappa, S., F.A. Huntingford, R.H.C. Strang and R.Y. Thomson. 1995. Condition factor and hepatosomatic index as estimates of energy status in male three-spined stickleback. Journal of Fish Biology, 47(5): 775-787.

  • Chen, T.R. and H.M. Reisman. 1970. A comparative chromosome study of the North American species of sticklebacks (Teleostei: Gasterosteidae). Cytogenetics, 9: 321-332.

  • Chen, M.H. and F.G. Araujo. 1992. Temporal and spatial changes in the fish community structure in the upper and middle Thames estuary. King's College. London.

  • Chiasson, A. 1993. The effect of suspended sediments on ninespine stickleback, Pungitius pungitius, and golden shiner, Notemigonus crysoleucas, in a current of varying velocity. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 37(3): 283-295.

  • Chiorino, G., P. Auger, J.L. Chasse and S. Charles. 1999. Behavioral choices based on patch selection: A model using aggregation methods. Mathematical Biosciences, 157(1-2): 189-216.

  • Chivers, D.P. and R.J.F. Smith. 1994. Intra- and interspecific avoidance of areas marked with skin extract from brook sticklebacks (Culaea inconstans) in a natural habitat. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 20(7): 1517-1524.

  • Chivers, D.P., G.E. Brown and R.J.F. Smith. 1995. Acquired recognition of chemical stimuli from pike, Esox lucius, by brook sticklebacks, Culaea inconstans (Osteichthyes, Gasterosteidae). Ethology, 99(3): 234-242.

  • Chivers, D.P., B.D. Wisenden and R.J.F. Smith. 1996. Damselfly larvae learn to recognize predators from chemical cues in the predator's diet. Animal Behavior, 52(2): 315-320.

  • Chivers, D.P., J.M. Kiesecker, E.L. Wildy, M.T. Anderson and A.R. Blaustein. 1997. Chemical alarm signalling in terrestrial salamanders: Intra- and interspecific responses. Ethology, 103(7): 599-613.

  • Chouinard, A., D. Pigeon and L. Bernatchez. 1996. Lack of specialisation in trophic morphology between genetically differentiated dwarf and normal forms of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis Mitchill) in Lac de l'Est, Quebec. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 74(11): 1989-1998.

  • Chubb, J.C., E.T. Valtonen, J. McGeorge and E. Helle. 1995. Characterisation of the external features of Schistocephalus solidus (Muller, 1776) (Cestoda) from different geographical regions and an assessment of the status of the Baltic ringed seal Phoca hispida botnica (Gmelin) as a definitive host. Systematic Parasitology, 32(2): 113-123.

  • Clark, E.R. and J.A.L. Fraser. 1983. The survival and growth of six species of freshwater fish, in tapwater and diluted and undiluted effluent from sewage percolating filters. Journal of Fish Biology, 22(4): 431-445.

  • Clark, D.L. and K.R. Stephenson. 1999. Response to video and computer-animated images by the tiger barb, Puntius tetrazona. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 56(3): 317-324.

  • Cleveland, A. 1994. Nest site habitat preference and competition in Gasterosteus aculeatus and G. wheatlandi. Copeia, 1994(3): 698-704.

  • Coad, B.W. 1973. Observations on the ecology and meristic variation of the ninespine stickleback, Pungitius pungitius L., 1758) of the Metamek river system, Quebec. American Midland Naturalist, 90(2): 498-503.

  • Coad, B.W. 1981. A bibliography of the sticklebacks (Gasterosteidae: Osteichthyes). Syllogeus,(35): 1-142.

  • Coad, B.W. 1983. Plate morphs in freshwater samples of Gasterosteus aculeatus from Arctic and Atlantic Canada: Complementary comments on a recent contribution. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 61(5): 1174-1177.

  • Coad, B.W. and A. Abdoli. 1993. Exotic fish species in the fresh waters of Iran. Zoology In the Middle East, 9: 65-80.

  • Cohen, S. and D. McFarland. 1979. Time-sharing as a mechanism for the control of behaviour sequences during the courtship of the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus ). Animal Behavior, 27(1): 270-283.

  • Cohen, S. 1979. The temporal organisation of courtship behaviour in the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Oxford University. Oxford.

  • Cole, N.J., M. Tanaka, A. Prescott and C. Tickle. 2003. Expression of limb initiation genes and clues to the morphological diversification of threespine stickleback. Current Biology, 13(24): R951-R952.

  • Collias, N.E. 1990. Statistical evidence for aggressive response to red by male three-spined sticklebacks. Animal Behavior, 39(2): 401-403.

  • Collins, S.A. 1995. The effect of recent experience on female choice in zebra finches. Animal Behavior, 49(2): 479-486.

  • Cone, D.K. and P.M. Ryan. 1984. Population sizes of metazoan parasites of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis ) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar ) in a small Newfoundland lake. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 62(1): 130-133.

  • Cone, D.K. and M. Wiles. 1985. The systematics and zoogeography of Gyrodactylus species (Monogenea) parasitizing gasterosteid fishes in North America. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63(4): 956-960.

  • Conforti, V.T.D. 1986. Contribution to the knowledge of freshwater algal flora of Buenos Aires (Argentina). XI. Physis, Seccion B, 44(106): 13-18.

  • Connaughton, M.A. and M.H. Taylor. 1995. Effects of exogenous testosterone on sonic muscle mass in the weakfish, Cynoscion regalis. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 100(2): 238-245.

  • Connor, R.C. 1996. Partner preferences in by-product mutualisms and the case of predator inspection in fish. Animal Behavior, 51(2): 451-454.

  • Coope, G.R., P.L. Gibbard, A.R. Hall, R.C. Preece, J.E. Robinson and A.J. Sutcliffe. 1997. Climatic and environmental reconstructions based on fossil assemblages from Middle Devensian (Weichselian) deposits of the River Thames at South Kensington, central London, UK. Quaternary Science Reviews, 16(10): 1163-1195.

  • Cooper, A. 1984. Common tern repeatedly dropping fish in flight. British Birds, 77(6): 261.

  • Copp, G.H., V.R. Edmonds Brown and R. Cottey. 1998. Behavioural interactions and microhabitat use of stream-dwelling sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculateus and Pungitius pungitius in the laboratory and field. Folia Zoologica, 47(4): 275-286.

  • Courtenay, S.C. and M.H.A. Keenleyside. 1983. Nest site selection by the fourspine stickleback, Apeltes quadracus (Mitchell). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 61(7): 1443-1447.

  • Courtenay, S.C. 1985. Simultaneous multinesting by the fourspine stickleback, Apeltes quadracus. Canadian field naturalist, 99(3): 360-363.

  • Covens, M., L. Covens, F. Ollevier and A. Loof. 1987. A comparative study of some properties of vitellogenin (Vg) and yolk proteins in a number of freshwater and marine teleost fishes. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, B, 88B(1): 75-80.

  • Covens, M., D. Stynen, F. Ollevier and A. de Loof. 1988. Concanavalin A reactivity of vitellogenin and yolk proteins of the threespined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus (Teleostei). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, B, 90B(1): 227-233.

  • Coward, K. and N.R. Bromage. 1998. Histological classification of oocyte growth and the dynamics of ovarian recrudescence in Tilapia zillii. Journal of Fish Biology, 53(2): 285-302.

  • Coward, K. and N.R. Bromage. 1999. Spawning frequency, fecundity, egg size and ovarian histology in groups of Tilapia zillii maintained upon two distinct food ration sizes from first-feeding to sexual maturity. Aquatic Living Resources, 12(1): 11-22.

  • Cowen, R.K., L.A. Chiarella, C.J. Gomez and M.A. Bell. 1991. Offshore distribution, size, age, and lateral plate variation of late larval/early juvenile sticklebacks (Gasterosteus) off the Atlantic coast of New Jersey and New York, (USA). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 48(9): 1679-1684.

  • Craig, D. and G.J. FitzGerald. 1982. Reproductive tactics of four sympatric sticklebacks (Gasterosteidae). Environmental biology of fishes, 7(4): 369-375.

  • Craig, S., and P. Laming. 2004. Behaviour of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteous aculeatus (Gasterosteidae, Teleostei) in the multispecies freshwater biomonitor: a validation of automated recordings at three levels of ammonia pollution. Water Research, 38(8): 2144-2154.

  • Crane, M., T. Flower, D. Holmes and S. Watson. 1992. The toxicity of selenium in experimental freshwater ponds. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 23(4): 440-452.

  • Craven, S.R. and E. Lev. 1987. Double-crested cormorants in the Apostle Islands, Wisconsin, USA: Population trends, food habits, and fishery depredations. Colonial Waterbirds, 10(1): 64-71.

  • Crawford, S.S. and P.W. Colgan. 1989. Motivational models of courtship in male threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus ). Behaviour, 109(1-4): 285-301.

  • Cresko, W.A. and J.A. Baker. 1996. Two morphotypes of lacustrine threespine sticklehack, Gasterosteus aculeatus, in Benka Lake, Alaska. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 45(4): 343-350.

  • Cresko, W.A. and J.A. Baker. 1996. Characterisation of the external features of Schistocephalus solidus TI: Two morphotypes of lacustrine threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, in Benka Lake, Alaska. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 45(4): 343-350.

  • Crivelli, A.J. and R.H. Britton. 1987. Life history adaptations of Gasterosteus aculeatus in a Mediterranean wetland. Environmental biology of fishes, 18(2): 109-125.

  • Crowley, P.H. and R.C. Sargent. 1996. Whence tit-for-tat? Evolutionary Ecology, 10(5): 499-516.

  • Croy, M.I. and R.N. Hughes. 1991. Effects of food supply, hunger, danger and competition on choice of foraging location by the fifteen-spined stickleback, Spinachia spinachia L. Animal Behavior, 42(1): 131-140.

  • Croy, M.I. and R.N. Hughes. 1991. Hierarchical response to prey stimuli and associated effects of hunger and foraging experience in the fifteen-spined stickleback, Spinachia spinachia (L.). Journal of Fish Biology, 38(4): 599-608.

  • Croy, M.I. and R.N. Hughes. 1991. The influence of hunger on feeding behavior and on the acquisition of learned foraging skills by the fifteen-spined stickleback, Spinachia spinachia L. Animal Behavior, 41(1): 161-170.

  • Croy, M.I. and R.N. Hughes. 1991. The role of learning and memory in the feeding behavior of the fifteen-spined stickleback, Spinachia spinachia L. Animal Behavior, 41(1): 149-160.

  • Cubillos, E.R., and H.E. Guderley. 2000. Analysis of the factors related with mate choice and reproductive success in male three-spined sticklebacks. Journal of Fish Biology, 56(5): 1201-1216.

  • Cunado, N., Barrios J., San Miguel E., Amaro R., Fernandez C., Hermida M., Santos J.L. 2002. Synaptonemal complex analysis in oocytes and spermatocytes of threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus (Teleostei, Gasterosteidae) Genetica, 114 (1): 53-56.

  • Cunjak, R.A. 1992. Comparative feeding, growth and movements of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr from riverine and estuarine environments. Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 1(1): 26-34.

  • Cunningham, E.J., J.F. Tierney and F.A. Huntingford. 1994. Effects of the cestode Schistocephalus solidus on food intake and foraging decisions in the three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus. Ethology, 97(1): 65-75.

  • Curtis, M.A. 1984. Parasitological evidence for feeding specialization in Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus ) in northern Quebec, Canada. Proceedings of Third ISACF Workshop on Arctic Char, 3: 112-118.

  • Cusack, R. and D.K. Cone. 1985. A report of bacterial microcolonies on the surface of Gyrodactylus (Monogenea). Journal of Fish Disease, 8(1): 125-127.

  • Cussac, V.E., D. Ruzzante, S. Walde, P.J. Macchi, V. Ojeda, M.F. Alonso and M.A. Denegri. 1998. Body shape variation of three species of Percichthys in relation to their coexistence in the Limay River basin, in northern Patagonia. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 53(2): 143-153.

  • Czeczuga, B. 1980. Carotenoids in fish. 26. Pungitius pungitius (L.) and Gasterosteus aculeatus L. (Gasterosteidae). Hydrobiologia, 74(1): 7-10. top

    D

  • D'Arcy, B.J. and M.P. Thomas. 1978. The occurrence and numbers of fish in screenings from a cooling tower intake on the Manchester Ship Canal. Bull. Estuar. Brackish Water Sci. Assoc., Lond,, 7(1978).

  • DahlHansen, G.A.P. 1995. Long-term changes in crustacean zooplankton - The effects of a mass removal of Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L), from an oligotrophic lake. Journal of Plankton Research, 17(9): 1819-1833.

  • Daldorph, P.W.G. and J.D. Thomas. 1995. Factors influencing the stability of nutrient-enriched freshwater macrophyte communities: the role of sticklebacks Pungitius pungitius and freshwater snails. Freshwater Biology, 33(2): 271-289.

  • Daniel, W. 1984. [Investigations on the animals in a salt marsh sewer in Schleswig-Holstein]. Faunistisch okologische Mitteilungen, 5(9-10): 227-248.

  • Danilkiewicz, Z. 1997. Lampreys and fishes of the River Bug and its Polish tributaries. Arch. Ryb. Pol./Arch. Pol. Fish., 5(2): 5-82.

  • Daoulas, C. 1998. Actions for the protection and rehabilitation of the endangered endemic fish ellinopigosteos (Pungitius hellenicus). Natl. Cent. for Marine Research, Athina, 174.

  • Darkov, A.A. 1979. Dynamics of Active Defense Reactions of Male Threespine Stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus , During the Reproductive Period. Journal of Ichthyology, 19(5): 133-138.

  • Dartnall, H.J.G. and M. Walkey. 1979. Parasites of marine sticklebacks. Journal of Fish Biology, 14(5): 471-474.

  • Dartnall, H.J.G. and M. Walkey. 1979. The distribution of glochidia of the Swan mussel, Anodonta cygnea (Mollusca) on the three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus (Pisces). Journal of Zoology, 189(1): 31-37.

  • Dauod, H.A.M. 1986. Studies on some aspects of the biology of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.), minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus (L.)) and the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) from an upland reservoir system, Co. Wicklow. Dublin University College. Dublin.

  • David, L.R. 1945. A neogene stickleback from the ridge formation of California. Journal of Paleontology, 19(3): 315-318.

  • Davidson, K., M. Niles, P. Swan and L. Forsyth. 1995. The Lake O'Law project, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia: 1989-1993. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 2053: 1-96.

  • Dawson, K.J. 1996. Evolutionary consequences of a trade-off between parental effort and mating effort. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 183(2): 139-158.

  • Day, T., J. Pritchard and D. Schluter. 1994. A comparison of two sticklebacks. Evolution , 48(5): 1723-1734.

  • Day, T. and J.D. McPhail. 1996. The effect of behavioural and morphological plasticity on foraging efficiency in the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus sp). Oecologia, 108(2): 380-388.

  • Deagle, B.E., T.E. Reimchen and D.B. Levin. 1996. Origins of endemic stickleback from the Queen Charlotte Islands: Mitochondrial and morphological evidence. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 74(6): 1045-1056.

  • DeBlois, E.M. and G.A. Rose. 1995. Effect of foraging activity on the shoal structure of cod (Gadus morhua). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 52(11): 2377-2387.

  • DeBlois, E.M. and G.A. Rose. 1996. Cross-shoal variability in the feeding habits of migrating Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Oecologia, 108(1): 192-196.

  • De Fraipont, M., G.J. Fitzgerald and H. Guderley. 1992. Femme fatale: The case of the threespine stickleback. Ethology, 91(2): 147-152.

  • De Fraipont, M., J. Fitzgerald Gerard and H. Guderley. 1993. Age-related differences in reproductive tactics in the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Animal Behavior, 46(5): 961-968.

  • De Fraipont, M., J. Fitzgerald Gerard and H. Guderley. 1994. Investment in present versus future broods: Parental care tactics in three-spined sticklebacks. Ecoscience, 1(1): 15-20.

  • Delbeek, J.C. and D.D. Williams. 1987. Morphological differences among females of four species of stickleback (Gasterosteidae) from New Brunswick and their possible ecological significance. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65(2): 289-295.

  • Delbeek, J.C. and D.D. Williams. 1987. Food resource partitioning between sympatric populations of brackishwater sticklebacks. Journal of Animal Ecology, 56(3): 949-967.

  • Delbeek, J.C. and D.D. Williams. 1988. Feeding selectivity of four species of sympatric stickleback in brackish-water habitats in eastern Canada. Journal of Fish Biology, 32(1): 41-62.

  • Deneer, J.W. 1994. Bioconcentration of chlorpyrifos by the three-spined stickleback under laboratory and field conditions. Chemosphere, 29(7): 1561-1575.

  • Denoncourt, R.F., C.H. Hocutt and J.R. Stauffer, Jr. 1975. Additions to the Pennsylvania ichthyofauna of the Susquehanna River drainage. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila, 127(9): 67-69.

  • De Ruiter, A.J.H. and S.E.W. Bonga. 1985. Consequences of nestbuilding behaviour for osmoregulation in male three-spined sticklebacks. Behaviour, 93(1-4): 8-20.

  • De Ruiter, A.J.H., S.E. Wendelaar Bonga, H. Slijkhuis and B. Baggerman. 1986. The effect of prolactin on fanning behavior in the male three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 64(2): 273-283.

  • Devitsina, G.V. and O.L. Radishcheva. 1989. Development of the olfactory organ during early life of threespine stickleback. Voprosy ikhtiologii, 29(1): 46-52.

  • Dezfuli, B.S. 1996. Cypria reptans (Crustacea: Ostracoda) as an intermediate host of Neoechinorhynchus rutili (Acanthocephala: Eoacanthocephala) in Italy. Journal of Parasitology, 82(3): 503-505.

  • Dieter, Z.C. and E. Hartwig. 1982. On the biology and food of small-sized fish from North and Baltic Sea areas. IV. Investigations on an eulittoral mud flat at Sylt Island. Helgolander Meeresuntersuchungen, 35(1): 47-63.

  • Diewert, R.E. and M.A. Henderson. 1992. The effect of competition and predation on production of juvenile sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in Pitt Lake. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,(1853): 1-51.

  • Dijkstra, A. 1995. Ten-spined sticklebacks Pungitius pungitius as prey of spotted redshanks Tringa erythropus. Drentse Vogels, 8: 49-55.

  • Dolgikh, V.V., E.A. Dolgikh and V.D. Domkin. 1992. Studies on the enzymes of biosynthesis of purine nucleotides in plerocercoids of cestodes of the family Ligulidae. Parazitologiya, 26(4): 310-313.

  • Donoghue, S. 1986. A note on the presence of bacteria on the surface of the parasitic copepod Thersitina gasterostei Pagenstecher. Journal of Fish Disease, 9(4): 349-351.

  • Donoghue, S. 1988. Gasterosteus aculeatus , a new British host for the metacercariae of Cryptocotyle concavum (Digenea). Journal of Fish Biology, 33(4): 657-658.

  • Draganik, B. 1995. Resources for the Baltic inshore fishery (exclusive of the cod, herring and sprat stocks). Biuletyn Morskiego Instytutu Rybackiego, Gdynia/Bulletin of the Sea Fisheries Institute, Gdynia. Gdynia, 135: 50-58.

  • Drewa, G., D. Andruszczak, M. Chesy, L. Kozica Raszeja, K. Palgan and Z. Zbytniewski. 1992. The influence of anionic detergent and diesel fuel oil on arylsulphatase and acid phosphatase activity in Gasterosteus aculeatus L. and Dreissena polymorpha Pall. Polskie Archiwum Hydrobiologii, 39(1): 161-170.

  • Drewa, G., M. Chesy, A. Brukwick, A. Grzanka and R. Sujkowska. 1994. Morphological changes of liver cells of Gasterosteus Aculeatus L. exposed to pollutants. Polskie Archiwum Hydrobiologii, 41(4): 507-515.

  • Duffy, W.G. 1998. Population dynamics, production, and prey consumption of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) in prairie wetlands: a bioenergetics approach. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 55(1): 15-27.

  • Dufresne, F., G.J. FitzGerald and S. Lachance. 1990. Age and size-related differences in reproductive success and reproductive costs in threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus ). Behavioral Ecology, 1(2): 140-147.

  • Dugatkin, L.A., G.J. FitzGerald and J. Lavoie. 1994. Juvenile three-spined sticklebacks avoid parasitized conspecifics. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 39(2): 215-218.

  • Dugatkin, L.A. 1996. Tit for Tat, by-product mutualism and predator inspection: A reply to Connor. Animal Behavior, 51(2): 455-457.

  • Dugatkin, L.A. 1997. Winner and loser effects and the structure of dominance hierarchies. Behavioral Ecology, 8(6): 583-587.

  • Dugatkin, L.A. 1997. The evolution of cooperation. Bioscience, 47(6): 355-362.

  • Dunham, A.E. 1995. Criteria for testing character displacement. Science, 268(5213): 1066-1067.

  • Dutil, J.D., M. Fortin and Y. Vigneault. 1982. [Value of littoral zones for fishery resources]. Can. Manuscr. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci.,(1653F): 1-32.

  • Dutil, J.D. and M. Fortin. 1983. [The fish community in an intertidal marsh in the Saint Lawrence Estuary]. Canadian Naturalists, 110(4): 397-410.

  • Dykova, I. and J. Lom. 1978. Tissue reaction of the three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus L. to infection with Glugea anomala (Moniez, 1887). Journal of Fish Disease, 1(1): 83-90.

  • Dykova, I., J. Lom and S. Egusa. 1980. Tissue reaction to Glugea plecoglossi infection in its natural host, Plecoglossus altivelis. Folia Parasitologica, 27(3): 213-216.

  • Dzieweczynski, T.L. and W.J. Rowland. 2004. Behind closed doors: use of visual cover by courting male three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Animal Behaviour, 68(3): 465-471. top

    E

  • Ebert, H. 1995. Dreistachliger Stichling (Gasterosteus aculeatus Linne, 1758). Datz, 48(3): 147-148.

  • Economidis, P.S. 1995. Endangered freshwater fishes of Greece. Biological Conservation, 72(2): 201-211.

  • Edge, T.A. and B.W. Coad. 1983. Reduced dorsal spine numbers in two isolated populations of the brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans ) from eastern Canada. Canadian Naturalists, 110(1): 99-101.

  • Edge, T.A. and B.W. Coad. 1983. Reduction of the pelvic skeleton in the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus in two lakes of Quebec. Canadian field naturalist, 97(3): 334-336.

  • Ekelund, R.A., B.A. Granmo and M. Berggren. 1990. Bioaccumulation of 4-nonylphenol in marine animals: A re-evaluation. Environmental Pollution, 64(2): 107-120.

  • Ekless, L.M. and R.A. Matthews. 1993. Ichthyophthirius multifiliis: axenic isolation and short-term maintenance in selected monophasic media. Journal of Fish Disease, 16(5): 437-447.

  • Ekloev, A.G., L.A. Greenberg, C. Broenmark, P. Larsson and O. Berglund. 1998. Response of stream fish to improved water quality: a comparison between the 1960s and 1990s. Freshwater Biology, 40(4): 771-782.

  • Eklov, A.G., L.A. Greenberg, C. Bronmark, P. Larsson and O. Berglund. 1998. Response of stream fish to improved water quality: a comparison between the 1960s and 1990s. Freshwater Biology, 40(4): 771-782.

  • Ekstroem, P., B. Borg and T. Van Veen. 1983. Ontogenetic development of the pineal organ, parapineal organ, and retina of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. (Teleostei). Development of photoreceptors. Cell and Tissue Research, 233(3): 593-609.

  • Ekstroem, B.B.P. and T. van Veen. 1983. The parapineal organ of teleosts. Acta Zoologica, 64(4): 211-218.

  • Ekstroem, P., M. Reschke, H. Steinbusch and T. Van Veen. 1986. Distribution of noradrenaline in the brain of the teleost Gasterosteus aculeatus L.: An immunohistochemical analysis. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 254(3): 297-313.

  • Ekstroem, P., T. Honkanen and S.O.E. Ebbesson. 1988. FMRFamide-like immunoreactive neurons of the nervus terminalis of teleosts innervate both retina and pineal organ. Brain Research, 460(1): 68-75.

  • Ekstroem, P. 1994. Developmental changes in the brain-stem serotonergic nuclei of teleost fish and neural plasticity. Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, 14(4): 381-393.

  • Ekstroem, P., B.I. Holmqvist and P. Panula. 1995. Histamine-immunoreactive neurons in the brain of the teleost Gasterosteus aculeatus L.: Correlation with hypothalamic tyrosine hydroxylase- and serotonin-immunoreactive neurons. Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy, 8(2): 75-85.

  • Ekstroem, P. and L.M. Ohlin. 1995. Ontogeny of GABA-immunoreactive neurons in the central nervous system in a teleost, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy, 9(4): 271-288.

  • Ekstrom, P. 1985. Anterograde and retrograde filling of central neuronal systems with horseradish peroxidase under in vitro conditions, Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 15(1): 21-35.

  • Ekstrom, P. and T. Veen. 1983. Central connections of the pineal organ in the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. (Teleostei). Cell and Tissue Research, 232(1): 141-155.

  • Ekstrom, P., L. Nyberg and T. Van Veen. 1985. Ontogenetic development of serotoninergic neurons in the brain of a teleost, the three-spined stickleback. An immunohistochemical analysis, Developmental Brain Research, 17(1-2): 209-224.

  • Ekstrom, P., T. Honkanen and H.W. Steinbusch. 1990. Distribution of dopamine-immunoreactive neuronal perikarya and fibres in the brain of a teleost, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. comparison with tyrosine hydroxylase- and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons. J. Chem. Neuroanat., 3(4): 233-260.

  • Ekstrom, P., T. Honkanen and B. Borg. 1992. Development of tyrosine hydroxylase-, dopamine- and dopamine beta-hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons in a teleost, the three-spined stickleback. Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy, 5(6): 481-501.

  • Ekstrom, P. 1994. Developmental changes in the brain-stem serotonergic nuclei of teleost fish and neural plasticity. Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, 14(4): 381-393.

  • Ekstrom, P., T. Honkanen and B. Borg. 1994. Development of central catecholaminergic neurons in teleosts. In W. J. A. J. Smeets and A. Reiner. Ed.^Eds. Systems in the CNS of vertebrates. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. : 325-342.

  • Ekstrom, P. and L.M. Ohlin. 1995. Ontogeny of GABA-immunoreactive neurons in the central nervous system in a teleost, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy, 9(4): 271-288.

  • Ekstrom, P., B.I. Holmqvist and P. Panula. 1995. Histamine-immunoreactive neurons in the brain of the teleost Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Correlation with hypothalamic tyrosine hydroxylase- and serotonin-immunoreactive neurons. Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy, 8(2): 75-85.

  • Ekstrom, P. and H. Meissl. 1997. The pineal organ of teleost fishes. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 7(2): 199-284.

  • Elliott, J.M. 1991. Rates of gastric evacuation in piscivorous brown trout, Salmo trutta. Freshwater biology, 25(2): 297-305.

  • Elliott, J.M., M.A. Hurley and J.D. Allonby. 1996. A functional model for maximum growth of immature stone loach, Barbatula barbatula, from three populations in north-west England. Freshwater Biology, 36(3): 547-554.

  • Elliott, J.K. and W.C. Leggett. 1996. The effect of temperature on predation rates of a fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus) and a jellyfish (Aurelia aurita) on larval capelin (Mallotus villosus). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 53(6): 1393-1402.

  • Elliott, J.K. and W.C. Leggett. 1997. Influence of temperature on site-dependent predation by a fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus) and a jellyfish (Aurelia aurita) on larval capelin (Mallotus villosus). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 54(12): 2759-2766.

  • Elshoud, G.C.A. 1978. Respiration in the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L.; an electromyographic approach. Netherlands Journal of Zoology, 28(3-4): 524-544.

  • Erman, D.C. and F.K. Ligon. 1988. Effects of discharge fluctuation and the addition of fine sediment on stream fish and macroinvertebrates below a water-filtration facility. Environmental Management, 12(1): 85-97.

  • Ernst, W.R. and K.G. Doe. 1989. A comparison of the aquatic toxicity of fenitrothion flowable and fenitrothion liquid technical formulations. Water pollution research journal of Canada, 24(4): 553-568.

  • Ernst, W., K. Doe, P. Jonah, J. Young, G. Julien and P. Hennigar. 1991. The toxicity of chlorothalonil to aquatic fauna and the impact of its operational use on a pond ecosystem. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 21(1): 1-9.

  • Ernst, W.R., P. Jonah, K. Doe, G. Julien and P. Hennigar. 1991. Toxicity to aquatic organisms of off-target deposition of endosulfan applied by aircraft. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 10(1): 103-114. top

    F

  • Falandysz, J. and M. Kowalewska. 1993. Mercury concentration of stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus from the Gulf of Gdansk. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 51(5): 710-715.

  • Falandysz, J., B. Strandberg, S.E. Kulp, L. Strandberg, P.A. Bergqvist and C. Rappe. 1996. Congener-specific analysis of chloronaphthalenes in stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus from different sites in the Gulf of Gdansk. Bromatologia I Chemia Toksykologiczna, 29(4): 393-399.

  • Falandysz, J., D. Danisiewicz, L. Strandberg, B. Strandberg, P.A. Bergqvist and C. Rappe. 1997. DDTs, HCBz and PCBz in stickleback from various sites in the Gulf of Gdansk. Organohalogen Compounds, 32: 354-357.

  • Falandysz, J., L. Strandberg, B. Strandberg and C. Rappe. 1998. Polychlorinated naphthalenes in three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus from the Gulf of Gdansk. Chemosphere, 37(9-12): 2473-2487.

  • Falandysz, J., B. Strandberg, L. Strandberg, P.A. Bergqvist and C. Rappe. 1998. Spatial distribution of TCPM-H and TCPM-OH in blue mussel and fish from the Gulf of Gdansk, Baltic Sea. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 61(3): 411-418.

  • Falandysz, J., A. Dembowska, L. Strandberg, B. Strandberg and C. Rappe. 1998. Spatial distribution of PCBs in three-spined stickleback from the beach zone in the Gulf of Gdansk, Baltic sea. 18th Symposium on Halogenated Environmental Organic Pollutants, Stockholm (Sweden).

  • Falandysz, J., B. Strandberg, L. Strandberg and C. Rappe. 1999. Tris(4-chlorophenyl)methane and tris(4-chlorophenyl)methanol in sediment and food webs from the Baltic south coast. Environmental Science and Technology, 33(4): 517-521.

  • Falter, U. 1983. Prey density and selection against oddity by three-spined sticklebacks. Behavioural Processes, 8(4): 401-402.

  • Feist, S.W., S. Chilmonczyk and A.W. Pike. 1991. Structure and development of Sphaerospora elegans Thelohan 1892 (Myxozoa: Myxosporea) in the sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus L. and Pungitius pungitius L. (Gasterosteidae). European Journal of Protistology, 27(3): 269-277.

  • Feldmeth, C.R. and J.N. Baskin. 1977. Thermal and respiratory studies with reference to temperature and oxygen tolerance for the unarmored stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus williamsoni Hubbs. Bull. South Calf. Acad. Sci., 75(2): 127-131.

  • Fernandez, C.A. 1997. Fifteen-spined stickleback (Spinachia spinachia Linnaeus, 1758) in waters off the NW Iberian peninsula, southern limit of its range. Miscellania Zoologica Barcelona, 20(1): 65-72.

  • Fernandez C., Hermida M., Amaro R., San Miguel E. 2000. Lateral plate variation in Galician stickleback populations in the rivers Miño and Limia, NW Spain. Behaviour, 137: 965-979 Part 7-8.

  • Ferrara, A.M. and S.B. Cook. 1998. Comparison of black-spot disease metapopulations in the central stonerollers of two warm-water streams. Journal of Freshwater Ecology, 13(3): 299-305.

  • Feunteun, E. and L. Marion. 1994. Assessment of grey heron predation on fish communities: The case of the largest European colony. Hydrobiologia, 279-280: 327-344.

  • Feuth De Bruijn, E. and P. Sevenster. 1983. Parental reactions to young in sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.). Behaviour, 83(1-2): 186-203.

  • Finnegan, B. 1991. Summary of 1988 coho salmon smolt trapping operations on the Lachmach River and Antigonish Creek, British Columbia. CAN. DATA REP. FISH. AQUAT. SCI., 844.

  • Firouz, E. 2000. A guide to the fauna of Iran. Iran University Press, Tehran. 491 pp.

  • Fischer, P., U. Kils and U. Walker. 1990. In-situ investigations on the behaviour and respiration of the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) and the eelpout (Zoarces viviparus L.). ICES COUNCIL MEETING (COLLECTED PAPERS),: 1-10.

  • Fischer, P., K. Rademacher and U. Kils. 1992. In situ investigations on the respiration and behaviour of the eelpout Zoarces viviparus under short-term hypoxia. Marine ecology progress series, 88(2-3): 181-184.

  • FitzGerald, G.J. and J.D. Dutil. 1981. Evidence for differential predation on an estuarine stickleback community. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 59(12): 2394-2395.

  • Fitzgerald, G.J. 1983. The reproductive ecology and behaviour of three sympatric sticklebacks (Gasterosteidae) in a saltmarsh. Biological Behavior, 8(1): 67-79.

  • Fitzgerald, G.J. and F.G. Whoriskey. 1985. The effects of interspecific interactions upon male reproductive success in two sympatric sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus and G. wheatlandi. Behaviour, 93(1-4): 112-126.

  • FitzGerald, G.J. and N. van Havre. 1985. Flight, fright and shoaling in sticklebacks (Gasterosteidae). Biological Behavior, 10(4): 321-331.

  • FitzGerald, G.J. and R.J. Wootton. 1986. Behavioural ecology of sticklebacks. The Behavior of Teleost Fishes,: 409-432.

  • FitzGerald, G.J. and G.I. Kedney. 1987. Aggression, fighting, and territoriality in sticklebacks: Three different phenomena? Biological Behavior, 12(4): 186-195.

  • FitzGerald, G.J. and N. van Havre. 1987. The adaptive significance of cannibalism in sticklebacks (Gasterosteidae: Pisces). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 20(2): 125-128.

  • Fitzgerald, G.J., H. Guderley and P. Picard. 1989. Hidden reproductive costs in the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Experimental Biology, 48(5): 295-300.

  • Fitzgerald, G.J. 1991. The role of cannibalism in the reproductive ecology of the threespine stickleback. Ethology, 89(3): 177-194.

  • FitzGerald, G.J. 1992. Egg cannibalism by sticklebacks: spite or selfishness? Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 30(3-4): 201-206.

  • FitzGerald, G.J. and S. Lachance. 1992. Parental care tactics of sticklebacks: Life in an uncertain world. Fourth International Behavioral Ecology Congress, Princeton NJ (USA).

  • FitzGerald, G.J., F.G. Whoriskey, J. Morrissette and M. Harding. 1992. Habitat scale, female cannibalism, and male reproductive success in three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus ). Behavioral Ecology, 3(2): 141-147.

  • FitzGerald, G.J. and J. Morrissette. 1992. Kin recognition and choice of shoal mates by threespine sticklebacks. Ethology Ecology and Evolution, 4(3): 273-283.

  • FitzGerald, G.J. and R.J. Wootton. 1993. The behavioural ecology of sticklebacks. Fish and Fisheries Series, 7: 537-572.

  • FitzGerald, G.J. 1993. The reproductive behavior of the stickleback. Scientific American, 268(4): 50-55.

  • Fitzgerald, G.J. 1993. Seeing red, turning red. Reviews In Fish Biology and Fisheries, 3(3): 286-292.

  • FitzGerald, G.J. and S. Lachance. 1993. Paternal investment in the blackspotted stickleback Gasterosteus wheatlandi. Acta Oecologica, 14(1): 17-22.

  • Fitzgerald, G.J. and N. Caza. 1993. Parental investment in an anadromous population of threespine sticklebacks: An experimental study. Evolutionary Ecology, 7(3): 279-286.

  • Fitzgerald, G.J., M. Fournier and J. Morrissette. 1994. Sexual selection in an anadromous population of threespine sticklebacks - no role for parasites. Evolutionary Ecology, 8(4): 348-356.

  • Fleischer, G.W. and D.C. Brazo. 1985. Further evidence of the encroachment of the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus , into the upper Great Lakes. Canadian field naturalist, 99(4): 540-541.

  • Fletcher, D.A. and R.J. Wootton. 1995. A hierarchical response to differences in ration size in the reproductive performance of female three-spined sticklebacks. Journal of Fish Biology, 46(4): 657-668.

  • Flinkman, J., I. Vuorinen and M. Christiansen. 1994. Calanoid copepod eggs survive passage through fish digestive tracts. Ices, 51(1): 127-129.

  • Foissner, W., H. Berger, H. Blatterer and F. Kohmann. 1995. Taxonomische und okologische Revision der Ciliaten des Saprobiensystems. Band 4: Gymnostomatea, Loxodes, Suctoria. Informationsberichte Des Bayerischen Landesamtes Fuer Wasserwirtschaft, 1: 1-540.

  • Folstad, I., H.A. Mette, A. Karter and A. Skorping. 1994. Sexually selected color in male sticklebacks: a signal of both parasite exposure and parasite resistance? Oikos, 69(3): 511-515.

  • Font, W.F. 1983. Seasonal population dynamics of five species of intestinal helminths of the brook stickleback, Culaea inconstans. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 61(9): 2129-2137.

  • Foote, C.J., K. Moore, K. Stenberg, K.J. Craig, J.K. Wenburg and C.C. Wood. 1999. Genetic differentiation in gill raker number and length in sympatric anadromous and nonanadromous morphs of sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 54(3): 263-274.

  • Foran, C.M., D.A. Myers and A.H. Bass. 1997. Modification of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) mRNA expression in the retinal-recipient thalamus. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 106(2): 251-264.

  • Forsell, J., B. Holmqvist, J.V. Helvik and P. Ekstrom. 1997. Role of the pineal organ in the photoregulated hatching of the Atlantic halibut. International Journal of Developmental Biology, 41(4): 591-595.

  • Forsgren, E., A. Karlsson and C. Kvarnemo. 1996. Female sand gobies gain direct benefits by choosing males with eggs in their nests. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 39(2): 91-96.

  • Foster, J.R. 1977. The role of breeding behavior and habitat preferences on the reproductive isolation of three allopatric populations of ninespine stickleback, Pungitius pungitius. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 55(10): 1601-1611.

  • Foster, S.A., V.B. Garcia and M.Y. Town. 1988. Cannibalism as the cause of an ontogenetic shift in habitat use by fry of the threespine stickleback. Oecologia, 74(4): 577-585.

  • Foster, S.A. 1988. Diversionary displays of paternal stickleback. Defenses against cannibalistic groups. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 22(5): 335-340.

  • Foster, S. and S. Ploch. 1990. Determinants of variation in antipredator behavior of territorial male threespine stickleback in the wild. Ethology, 84(4): 281-294.

  • Foster, S.A., J.A. Baker and M.A. Bell. 1992. Phenotypic integration of life history and morphology: an example from three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Journal of Fish Biology, 41(Supplement B): 21-35.

  • Foster, S.A. 1993. Global, regional and population levels of variation in threespine stickleback behavior: Evolutionary causes and implications. 30th Annual Meeting of the Animal Behavior Society, Davis CA (USA).

  • Foster, S.A. and M.A. Bell. 1994. Evolutionary inference: the value of viewing evolution through stickleback-tinted glasses. In M. A. Bell and S. A. Foster. Ed.^Eds. Evolutionary biology of the threespine stickleback. Oxford University Press, Oxford. : 472-486.

  • Foster, S.A. 1994. Evolution of the reproductive behaviour of threespine stickleback. In M. A. Bell and S. A. Foster. Ed.^Eds. Evolutionary biology of the threespine stickleback. Oxford University Press, Oxford,

  • Foster, S.A. 1994. Inference of evolutionary pattern: diversionary displays of three-spined sticklebacks. Behavioral Ecology, 5(1): 114-121.

  • Foster, S.A. 1995. Understanding the evolution of behavior in threespine stickleback: the value of geographic variation. Behaviour, 132(15-16): 1107-1129.

  • Foster, S.A. 1995. Constraint, adaptation, and opportunism in the design of behavioral phenotypes. Perspectives In Ethology, 11: 61-81.

  • Foster, S.A. and J.A. Baker. 1995. Evolutionary interplay between ecology, morphology and reproductive behavior in threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 44(1-3): 213-223.

  • Foster, S.A., and J.A. Baker. 2004. Evolution in parallel: new insights from a classic system. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 19 (9): 456-459.

  • Foster, S.A., R.J. Scott and W.A. Cresko. 1998. Nested biological variation and speciation. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences, 353(1366): 207-218.

  • Fox, M.G. and A.J. Crivelli. 1998. Body size and reproductive allocation in a multiple spawning centrarchid. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 55(3): 737-748.

  • Fraende, C., J. Kjellman, A. Leskelae and R. Hudd. 1993. The food of three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) on a whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) nursery area in the Bay of Bothnia. Aqua Fennica, 23(1): 85-87.

  • Fraipont, M., G.J. Fitzgerald and H. Guderley. 1992. Femme fatale -- the case of the threespine stickleback. Ethology, 91(2): 147-152.

  • Francis, R.C., A.C. Havens and M.A. Bell. 1985. Unusual lateral plate variation of threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from Knik Lake, Alaska. Copeia, 3: 619-624.

  • Francis, R.C., J.V. Baumgartner, A.C. Havens and M.A. Bell. 1986. Historical and ecological sources of variation among lake populations of threespine sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus , near Cook Inlet, Alaska. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 64(10): 2257-2265.

  • Frande, C., J. Kjellman, A. Leskela and R. Hudd. 1993. The food of the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) on a whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) nursery area in the Bay of Bothnia. Aqua Fennica, 23(1): 85-87.

  • Fraser, J.M. 1978. Comparative recoveries of planted yearling and fall-fingerling brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) frm Ontario lakes. Journal of Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 35(4): 391-396.

  • Fraser, N.C. and G. Power. 1984. The interactive segregation of landlocked Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) from lake charr (S. namaycush ) and brook charr (S. fontinalis ) in two lakes of subarctic Quebec, Canada. Biology of Arctic Charr: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Arctic Charr.

  • Fraser, D.F. and F.A. Huntingford. 1986. Feeding and avoiding predation hazard: The behavioral response of the prey. Ethology, 73(1): 56-68.

  • Fraser, N.C. and G. Power. 1989. Influences of lake trout on lake-resident Arctic char in northern Quebec, Canada. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 118(1): 36-45.

  • Fraser, D., C.E. Adams and F.A. Huntingford. 1998. Trophic polymorphism among Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus L., from Loch Ericht, Scotland. Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 7(4): 184-191.

  • Frischknecht, M. 1992. Breeding coloration of male three-spined sticklebacks as an indicator of energy investment in vigor. Fourth International Behavioral Ecology Congress, Princeton NJ (USA).

  • Frischknecht, M. 1993. The breeding colouration of male three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) as an indicator of energy investment in vigour. Evolutionary Ecology, 7(5): 439-450.

  • Froese, R. 1998. Length-weight relationships for 18 less-studied fish species. Journal of Applied Ichthyology , 14(1-2): 117-118.

  • Frommen, J.G., and T.C.M. Bakker. 2004. Adult Three-Spined Sticklebacks Prefer to Shoal with Familiar Kin. Behaviour, 141(11/12): 1401-1410.

  • Fudge, D.S., E.D. Stevens and J.S. Ballantyne. 1997. Enzyme adaptation along a heterothermic tissue: The visceral retia mirabilia of the bluefin tuna. American Journal of Physiology Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 41(6): R1834-R1840. top

    G

  • Gach, M.H. and T.E. Reimchen. 1989. Mitochondrial DNA patterns among endemic stickleback from the Queen Charlotte Islands: A preliminary survey. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 67(5): 1324-1328.

  • Gach, M.H. 1996. Geographic variation in mitochondrial DNA and biogeography of Culaea inconstans (Gasterosteidae). Copeia, 1996(3): 563-575.

  • Gach, M.H. and W.M. Brown. 1997. Characteristics and distribution of large tandem duplications in brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans) mitochondrial DNA. Genetics, 145(2): 383-394.

  • Gadagkar, R. 1993. Can animals be spiteful? Trends In Ecology and Evolution, 8(7): 232-234.

  • Gaggerman, B. 1985. The roles of daily and annual biological rhythms in the photoperiodic regulation of the breeding season in the stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Behaviour, 93(1-4): 1-7.

  • Gallo, V.P., A. Civinini, L. Mastrolia, G. Leitner and S. Porta. 1993. Cytological and biochemical studies on chromaffin cells in the head kidney of Gasterosteus aculeatus (Teleostei, Gasterosteidae). General and Comparative Endocrinology, 92(2): 133-142.

  • Gandzyura, V.P. 1985. Phosphorus content in fishes from the Dnieper reservoirs. Gidrobiol. Zh./Hydrobiol. J., 21(6): 84-87.

  • Garcia, H.M.P., A.A. Garcia, J.A. Quesada and B. Agulleiro. 1997. Immunocytochemical and ultrastructural characterization of melanotropin and adrenocorticotropin cells from the Mediterranean yellowtail (Seriola dumerilii, Risso 1810). Anatomical Record, 249(1): 74-80.

  • Garcia, A.A., H.M.P. Garcia, J.A. Quesada and B. Agulleiro. 1998. Gonadotropic and thyrotropic cells from the Mediterranean yellowtail (Seriola dumerilii; Risso, 1810): Immunocytochemical and ultrastructural characterization. Anatomical Record, 250(4): 448-458.

  • Garenc, C., F.G. Silversides and H. Guderley. 1998. Burst swimming and its enzymatic correlates in the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus): full-sib heritabilities. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 76(4): 680-688.

  • Garenc, C., P. Couture, M.A. Laflamme and H. Guderley. 1999. Metabolic correlates of burst swimming capacity of juvenile and adult threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Journal of Comparative Physiology B Biochemical Systemic and Environmental Physiology, 169(2): 113-122.

  • Gaudreault, A. and G.J. Fitzgerald. 1985. Field observations of intraspecific and interspecific aggression among sticklebacks (Gasterosteidae). Behaviour, 94(3-4): 203-211.

  • Gaudreault, A., T. Miller, W.L. Montgomery and G.J. FitzGerald. 1986. Interspecific interactions and diet of sympatric juvenile brook charr, Salvelinus fontinalis , and adult ninespine sticklebacks, Pungititus pungitius. Journal of Fish Biology, 28(2): 133-140.

  • Gaumert, D. 1984. [Distribution of fish species and water quality in Lower Saxony]. Arbeiten des Deutschen Fischerei Verbandes, 40: 1-17.

  • Gaumert, D. 1986. [Small freshwater fish in Lower Saxony: Recommendations for species preservation]. MITT. NIEDERSAECHS. LANDESAMT WASSERWIRTSCH., 4(71).

  • Gaze, W.H. and I. Barber. 1995. Effects of helminth infections on the shoaling behaviour of small freshwater fishes. Glasgow University. Stirling.

  • Gaze, W.H. and R. Wootten. 1998. Ectoparasitic species of the genus Trichodina (Ciliophora: Peritrichida) parasitising British freshwater fish. Folia Parasitologica, 45(3): 177-190.

  • Gee, J.H. and H.M. Holst. 1992. Buoyancy regulation by the sticklebacks Culaea inconstans and Pungitius pungitius in response to different salinities and water densities. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 70(8): 1590-1594.

  • Geets, A., C. Appleby and F. Ollevier. 1999. Host-dependent and seasonal variation in opisthaptoral hard parts of Gyrodactylus cf. arcuatus from three Pomatoschistus spp. and G-arcuatus from Gasterosteus aculeatus: a multivariate approach. Parasitology, 119(1): 27-40.

  • Gelowitz, C.M., A. Mathis and R.J.F. Smith. 1993. Chemosensory recognition of northern pike (Esox lucius) by brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans): population differences and the influence of predator diet. Behaviour, 127(1-2): 105-118.

  • George, S.G., J. Wright and J. Conroy. 1995. Temporal studies of the impact of the Braer oilspill on inshore feral fish from Shetland, Scotland. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 29(4): 530-534.

  • Gerulaitis, A., G. K., R. Repecka, V. Valusiene, G. Rudzianskiene, T. Overkaite and D. Skripkaite. 1996. Investigations of fish stocks and catching prognoses in Kursiu Lagoon and the Nemunas Delta. [Fishery And Aquaculture In Lithuania], 1: 165-182.

  • Ghan, D., K.D. Hyatt and J.D. McPhail. 1998. Benefits and costs of vertical migration by the freshwater copepod Skistodiaptomus oregonensis: testing hypotheses through population comparison. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 55(6): 1338-1349.

  • Ghan, D., J.D. McPhail and K.D. Hyatt. 1998. The temporal-spatial pattern of vertical migration by the freshwater copepod Skistodiaptomus oregonensis relative to predation risk. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 55(6): 1350-1363.

  • Gibson, R.M. 1980. Optimal prey-size selection by three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus ): a test of the apparent-size hypothesis. Z. Tierpsychol.., 52(3): 291-307.

  • Gibson, D.W. 1982. Range extension of the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus , to Manitoulin Island, Ontario. Canadian field naturalist, 96(1): 86.

  • Gibson, D.I. and M. Koie. 1991. Magnibursatus caudofilamentosa, new combination (Reimer, 1971) (Digenea: Derogenidae) from the stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus L. in Danish waters: A zoogeographical anomaly? Systematic Parasitology, 20(3): 221-228.

  • Gibson, G.C. 1995. Hox genes and morphological evolution in the stickleback fish. 3rd International Meeting of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution, Hayama (Japan).

  • Gibson, R.M. and T.A. Langen. 1996. How do animals choose their mates? Trends In Ecology and Evolution, 11(11): 468-470.

  • Gilbert, F.F. and E.G. Nancekivell. 1982. Food habits of mink (Mustela vison ) and otter (Lutra canadensis ) in northeastern Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 60(6): 1275-1281.

  • Giles, N. 1981. Predation effects upon the behaviour and ecology of Scottish Gasterosteus aculeatus L. populations. Glasgow University. Glasgow.

  • Giles, N. 1983. The possible role of environmental calcium levels during the evolution of phenotypic diversity on Outer Hebridean populations of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Journal of Zoology, 199(4): 535-544.

  • Giles, N. 1983. Behavioural effects of the parasite Schistocephalus solidus (Cestoda) on an intermediate host, the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Animal Behavior, 31(4): 1192-1194.

  • Giles, N. 1984. Development of the overhead fright response in wild and predator-naive three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Animal Behavior, 32(1): 276-279.

  • Giles, N. and F.A. Huntingford. 1984. Predation risk and inter-population variation in anti-predator behaviour in the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Animal Behavior, 32(1): 264-275.

  • Giles, N. and F.A. Huntingford. 1985. Variability in breeding biology of three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus ): Problems with measuring population differences in aggression. Behaviour, 93(1-4): 57-68.

  • Giles, N. and R.S. Phillips. 1985. A note on the production and use of antisera for the detection of part-digested sticklebacks in predator stomach-content samples. Journal of Fish Biology, 27(6): 827-829.

  • Giles, N. 1987. Predation risk and reduced foraging activity in fish: Experiments with parasitized and non-parasitized three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Journal of Fish Biology, 31(1): 37-44.

  • Giles, N. 1987. Population biology of three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus in Scotland. Journal of Zoology, 212(2): 255-265.

  • Giles, N. 1987. A comparison of the behavioural responses of parasitized and non-parasitized three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus L., to progressive hypoxia. Journal of Fish Biology, 30(5): 631-638.

  • Gilhen, J. and E. Claridge. 1985. Additional records of the brook stickleback, Culaea inconstans , from Nova Scotia. Canadian field naturalist, 99(1): 107-109.

  • Gill, A.B. and P.J.B. Hart. 1994. Feeding behaviour and prey choice of the threespine stickleback: The interacting effects of prey size, fish size and stomach fullness. Animal Behavior, 47(4): 921-932.

  • Gill, A.B. and P.J.B. Hart. 1996. How feeding performance and energy intake change with a small increase in the body size of the three-spined stickleback. Journal of Fish Biology, 48(5): 878-890.

  • Gill, A.B. and P.J.B. Hart. 1996. Unequal competition between three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, L, encountering sequential prey. Animal Behavior, 51(3): 689-698.

  • Gill, A.B. and P.J.B. Hart. 1998. Stomach capacity as a directing factor in prey size selection of three-spined stickleback. Journal of Fish Biology, 53(4): 897-900.

  • Gill, A.B., and P.J.B. Hart 1999. Dynamic changes in prey choice by stickleback during simultaneous encounter with large prey. Journal of Fish Biology,55, (6): 1317-1327.

  • Gillooly, J.F. and G.W. Barlow. 1995. Effects of winter floods on threespine sticklebacks in a restored urban creek. California Fish and Game, 81(4): 155-162.

  • Gillooly, J.F. and J.R. Baylis. 1999. Reproductive success and the energetic cost of parental care in male smallmouth bass. Journal of Fish Biology, 54(3): 573-584.

  • Girvan, J.R. and V.A. Braithwaite. 1997. Variable learning and memory strategies exhibited by three spined sticklebacks from different populations. XXV International Ethological Conference, Vienna (Austria).

  • Girvan, J.R. and V.A. Braithwaite. 1998. Population differences in spatial learning in three-spined sticklebacks. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences, 265(1399): 913-918.

  • Gislason, G.M., A. Gudmundsson and A. Einarsson. 1998. Population densities of the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) in a shallow lake. Internationale Vereinigung Fur Theoretische Und Angewandte Limnologie Verhandlungen, 26(5): 2244-2250.

  • Gjoester, J. 1987. Habitat selection of juvenile cod (Gadus morhua), whiting (Merlangus merlangius) and some littoral fish in an aquarium. Floedevigen Rapportserie, 1: 17-26.

  • Glandt, D. 1983. Experiments on the prey-predactor relationship between sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. and Pungitius pungitius (L.) (Teleostei), and common frog larvae, Rana temporaria L. (Amphibia). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 211(5-6): 277-284.

  • Glandt, D. 1984. Laboratory experiment on the prey-predator relationship between three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. (Teleostei), and common toad larvae, Bufo bufo (L.) (Amphibia). Zoologischer