Nenets / Nganasan / Selkup

Taula sobietar gehiago ikusteko, egin klik hemen (bereziki herri uralikoenak bisitatu) Orri honetan Siberiako ipar-mendebaldeko herri uraliko hauen gaineko informazioa dago: Nenets, Nganasan, Selkup, Khanti eta Mansi. Baita mapa pare bat ere. Errusiera eta Nenetsera transliteratuta ageri dira hemen (ikus Alphabet Street atala) beren alfabeto zirilikoetatik. Beste hizkuntzetako izenak hurbilpen ortografikoak dira, gure kolaboratzaileek eginak. " zeinua Nenetserazko apostropfe berezi bat adierazteko erabiltzen da.

Check other tables from the former Soviet Union, specially those about Uralic nations. In this page we have information about Uralic peoples of North West Siberia: Nenets, Nganasan, Selkup, Khanty and Mansi. Also a couple of maps. Russian and Nenets names appear transliterated here from their respective Cyrillic alphabets (Check the Alphabet Street section). Placenames in the other languages are proximate spellings given by our collaborators. " is used for a particular Nenets apostrophe sign.

Nenets Nenets herria Europako ipar-ekialdeko muturrean bizi da, eta haren Asiako luzapenean, Siberiako ipar-ekialdean, Jenisei ibaiaren itsasadarrean. Milioi bat kilometro karratu zabal den eremua. Lurralde hau bi Barruti Nazionaletan dago banatua, Nenets barrutia (hiriburua Narjan Mar) eta Jamalo-Nenets barrutia (hiriburua Salekhard). 1989an 34,665 Nenets zeuden (hiztunak %77.), errusiarrez inguratuak. Nenetsen proportzioa gutxitzen doa uholde errusiarrak inbadituta. 1979an %13 besterik ez ziren beren lurretan.

Nenets The Nenets inhabit the polar regions of Northeast Europe and Northwest Siberia between the Kanin Peninsula in the White Sea and the mouth of the Yenisey (ca 1 million sq. km). Administratively these areas belong in the Nenets National District of the Archangelsk Province (administrative centre Naryan Mar) and in the Yamal Nenets National District of the Tyumen Province (administrative centre Salekhard). In 1989 they were 34,665 (77.1% of them speakers), but surrounded by new Russian colonizers. The proportion of Nenets is decreasing in their native settlement areas (13% in 1979)

* Errusiera / * Russian	* Nenets
Hosedahard	Xo' seda xard
Jamalo-Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug [Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug]	Jamaly'-Nenëtsie" avtonomnyj ñokruk
Nar'jan-Mar	Njar"jana Mar"
Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug [Nenets Autonomous Okrug]	Nenëtsie" avtonomnyj ñokruk
Novaja Zemlja	Enëj ja
Poluostrov Jamal	Ja' mal
Pur [river]	Püleng
Salehard	Salja' xarad
Taz [river]	Tasem
Ural'skij hrebet [Ural Mountains]	Ñarka" Pë"

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Nganasan Nganasan edo Tavgi Samoiedoak Taimir penintsulako jatorrizko biztanleak dira Siberian. Nganasan da haiek erabiltzen duten etnonimoa, nahiz eta talde batzuek Nya edo As'a izenak erabili. 1989an 1,278 Nganasan zeuden, horietarik %83.2k hitz egiten zuen beren hizkuntza uralikoa. Taimir penintsula ikaragarri handia da (862,100 km2), eta ez oso populatua, baina hala ere Nganasanak gutxiengo ahaztu eta zanpatua dira 55.000 lagunen artean itota.

Nganasan The Nganasan or Tavgi Samoyeds live in the Taymir peninsula of Siberia. Nganasan is their self-designation, although some groups called themselves Nya and other As'a. In 1989 there were 1,278 Nganasan and 83.2% of them spoke their language, part of the Samoyed branch of the Uralic languages. Taimyr Peninsula is enormous (862,100 sq. km.), and not much populated, but, still, the Nganasan are a tiny and backward minority among the 55.000 inhabitants of their territory.

* Errusieraz / * Russian	* Nganasan
Avam / Ust'-Avam	Abamu / Avamê
Dudinka	Dudinkê / Kojkü
Hatanga	Kojku / Xatanga / Xatañê
Heta [river]	Keta"a
Jenisej [river]	Dentadie / Dentêdie
Noril'sk	Nêrilisko
Porbina [river]	Xorbinê"
Tajmyr	Têjmirê
Ust'-Avam / Avam	Abamu / Avamê
Voloc<anka	Volocañkê / Bolocankê

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Selkup Selkup herria Taz ibaiaren ibarretan eta Ob and Jenisei ibaien arteko lurretan bizi dira, Tomsk probintzia, Tiumen probintzia eta Jamalo-Nenets barrutia hartuz. Azken horretan, Krasnoselkup-eko eskualdean, gehiengoa dira. 1989an 3,612 ziren (hiztunak %47.6). Herri izaten irauteko aukerarik badute, Krasnoselkup eskualdea barruti nazional autonomo bihurtzetik pasatuko da hori.   Selkupen jurt edo herrixkak abandonatu egin zituzten kolektibizazioaren garaian, eta Errusiarren herriek ez dute Selkuperazko izenik. Gure zerrendan ibaia izenak dira nagusi ondorioz, eta herri izen bakan batzuk.

Selkup The Selkups live in Siberia on the banks of the Taz river and between middle reaches of the Ob and Yenisey rivers; their territory stretches out as far as the Tomsk Province in the Yamal Nenets AD of the Krasnoyarsk region and Tyumen Province. They form the majority of the population in the Krasnoselkup region of the Yamal Nenets AD. In 1989 they were 3,612 (47.6% speakers). Giving the Krasnoselkup region the status of the national Autonomous District is the least that should be done to maintain a hope of their national survival.   The Selkup yurts (settlements) were after the collectivization mostly abandoned. Russian settlements usually have never had Selkup names. Therefore, our list is made mostly with rivers and few towns.

Ibaiak / Rivers

* Errusieraz / * Russian	* Selkup
C<aja	Shajaj Ky
C<iz<apka	Chacham Ky / Chadzhakky
C<ulym	Tjuulum / Tjuulek
Jenisej	Püül Tjaas-Qold / Njandesä
Ket'	Qõõt
Korilki	Qooryl Ky
Njurolka	Njuuryl Ky
Ob	Qoltu (1)
Parabel'	Köönke
Pur	Püre
Taz	Taasyl Qolde
Tym	Qaasel Ky
Vasjugan	Warqy Ky

(1) Hau ez da hidronimoa berez, ibai nagusiari tokian tokian ematen zaion izena baizik ( Ob / Taz / Jenisej...). Ob garaian, aldiz, Kuej 'fjord' da erabiltzen dena. Qõõt dialektoan Koltu da eta beste batzuetan Kolte, Kolde.

(1) This is not a real hydronym, but an appellative for the main river, i.e. Ob/Taz/Jenisej. On upper Ob instead the word Kuej 'fjord' is used. Koltu is Qõõt dialect, in other dialects Kolte, Kolde.

 

Herriak / settlements

* Errusieraz / * Russian	* Selkup
Kargasok	Qorqessoq
Tomsk	Topqel Quechche
Vandz<il'-Kynak	Wanchel Kyn Aang

*Errusieraz / *Russian	* Mansi
Beresov	Khaaljpus
Harm	Khårm-paawël
Konda (river)	Khontëng-Jä
Ob (river)	Aas
Pelymka (river)	Pålm
Tobolsk	Tuupël-Uus
?	Meesyg-paawël
?	Sokh-paawël
?	Taaryg-saw

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Khanti Khanti herria Siberiako ipar-mendebaldean bizi da, Ob ibaiaren inguruetan: Khanti-Mansien Barruti Autonomoan (hiriburua: Khanti-Mansisk); Jamalo-Nenets Barruti Autonomoan, eta Konda eta Irtix ibaien inguruetan Tomsk Probintzian. 1989an 22.521 Khanti zeuden (hiztunak %60,5), baina barruti autonomo propioan soilik 11,900 (hiztunak %53). Beren lurraldeetan gutxiengo urria bihurtu dira Khantiak (populazioarennt % 1.8 besterik ez). Khantien artean kontzientziatuenek eskualde nazional autonomoak eskatu dituzte Kazim eta Sosva ibaien inguruan, beren baliabideen (petrolioa, gasa) xahuketa ebitatzeko.

Khanty The Khantys live dispersed in Northwest Siberia, on the river Ob and its tributaries. Administratively the territory belongs to the Khanty-Mansi (administrative centre Khanty-Mansijsk) and Yamal Nenets Autonomous Districts of the Tyumen Province; the area on the rivers Konda and Irtysh belongs to the Tomsk Province. In 1989 there were 22,521 Khanty (60,5% of them speakers). In the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District they were 11,900 (53% speakers). The Khantys have become an insignificant minority in their own historical settlement areas, just 1.8% of population in 1989. Most conscious Khanty are working towards the formation of autonomous national regions at the rivers Kazym and Sosva, where the exploitation of oil and gas deposits would be banned.

 

* Errusieraz / * Russian	* Khanti
C<iz<apka	Wänjogan
C<aja	Chaj
Taz	Tasem
Pur	Pöreng

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Eguneratua / Updated: 1998.10.01

Laguntzaileak / Informerr: Frank Valoczy (Mansi), Thomas Tvegaard (Nenets), Jarmo Alatalo (Khanty, Selkup)

Loturak / Links:

* Information Centre of Finno-Ugric Peoples

http://www.suri.ee/

* Nenets

http://www.helsinki.fi/~tasalmin/tn.html

* Selkup

http://www.helsinki.fi/~jkalatal

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